Chinese missiles can destroy the U.S. military base pressure on Japan
Core Tip: U.S. Naval War College has introduced the ancient Japanese military experts, the article said the former Jun wells, using missiles to suppress Taiwan's logic also applies to the United States in line there before. Once the conflict, the Chinese missile force would be a selective destruction of the U.S. military base in line before some of the key facilities, the pressure to Tokyo to meet the limit U.S. use of Japanese naval base purposes.

 

Data for: located in Japan, the U.S. military stationed in Japan Yokosuka Naval Base

 

Data Figure: China's DF-21 medium-range ballistic missile shows, the ancient Japanese military experts said the former Jun wells, using missiles to suppress Taiwan's logic also applies to the United States in line there before.

Global Times - World Wide Web on May 31 reported that the U.S. Navy War College recently introduced the ancient Japanese military experts, the article said the former Jun wells, using missiles to suppress Taiwan's logic also applies to the United States in line there before. Once the conflict, the Chinese missile force would be a selective destruction of the U.S. military base in line before some of the key facilities, the pressure to Tokyo to meet the limit U.S. use of Japanese naval base purposes.

In recent years, U.S. defense analysts have fully adjusted their assessment of China's missile capabilities. Ten years ago, most observers agree that China's ballistic missiles, precision is not high, only to intimidate the civilian population. Today, the U.S. strategic community believe that China's arsenal can cause fatal injuries on the enemy, the weapons could be a large range precision strike military targets, including ports and airports. Thus, many observers away from the previous optimistic assessment - the military balance in the Taiwan Strait, the U.S. has the decisive advantage.

Rand Corporation issued a report in 2009 warned that Taiwan and the United States to obtain air superiority over Taiwan and the Taiwan Strait, but China's large, modern missiles and air defense forces could have posed a great challenge indeed. The report's author believes that once the People's Liberation Army Air Force Base volley of ballistic missiles to Taiwan, Taipei mobilized enough to fight for air superiority fighter sorties capacity will be seriously undermined. They said that with China to launch missiles across the strait precision capabilities, the United States and Taiwan will become increasingly difficult to protect the island's military facilities, even these efforts will soon become impossible. Therefore, the report said China's use of ballistic missiles and cruise missiles to suppress the local Air Force base in Taiwan and the capacity of a serious threat to the United States and Taiwan maintain air supremacy over the Taiwan Strait on the capacity. They further claimed that the United States already has won the confidence of China no longer air. This indicates that cross-strait confrontation, the situation is a dramatic change.

U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency declassified intelligence reports on the assessment of Taiwan's air defense forces of the same concern. Research, if not subject to strict protection of the airport runway, aircraft can not take off in Taiwan, the island's air force is a major flaw. U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency further said that Taiwan runway withstand missile attacks and the ability to rapidly repair the runway, will determine the integrity of the island's air defense system. However, the Defense Intelligence Agency of the conflict to set in once the mainland suffered missile attacks, whether Taiwan is also able to maintain air superiority of the problem is not attitude, but the U.S. intelligence community agreed that the defense system in Taiwan is facing increasingly serious challenges.

U.S. Naval War College Weilianmoli that the Chinese ballistic missile salvo can be in the Taiwan Navy Pier will make its warships were sunk or hit. He said that the Second Artillery Corps have been expanding accurate short-range ballistic missiles, missile surprise and by the next barrage of fire, unable to combat the majority of Taiwan's navy, air force planes destroyed most of the units, or make it impossible to take off.

Equally disturbing is that more and more signs that China has turned their attention to Japan - where have some of the world's largest naval and air bases. China has been worried about Japan, the two sides in the conflict may play role. Of particular note is that the free use of Japanese bases in the United States will intervene in the Taiwan Strait affairs, where as a springboard. In the past, U.S. military operations on Japan to provide logistical support to the issue, China has remained silent. In contrast, recently said publicly that the PLA missile to suppress Taiwan's logic also applies to the United States in line there before. China's missile force have selective damage to the U.S. military base in line before some of the key facilities, the will to put pressure on Tokyo to limit the use of United States naval base. United States and Japan pay close attention to the development of these theories in order to avoid US-Japan alliance ill-prepared for future conflict with China.

Currently, about China's regional base in Asia, the Taiwan region is still the strategic considerations of China. In 1996, the Taiwan crisis, there is evidence that the PLA was difficult to monitor the United States to send two aircraft carrier battle group operations. It is noteworthy that, in this place in March 1996 crisis, the U.S. military base in Yokosuka, Japan "independent" aircraft carrier (CV-62) is the first ship to reach the aircraft carriers near Taiwan, which the Chinese side believes that in possible conflict with Taiwan, Washington is likely to send the aircraft carrier stationed in Japan.

Outside Chinese territorial waters of other territorial disputes in the region, also may be subject to interference by the U.S. Navy. China and Japan due to the northwest of Taiwan's sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands dispute arising military crisis may force the U.S. to take action. Despite the doubts some hesitation Japanese decision-making (such as whether the islands to launch external attack) will lead to the Washington defense commitment, like the US-Japan Security Treaty, as stipulated; and, since 2006, been held joint exercises and military exercises that the United States military is closely watching the East China's dynamic. Advance further south, large areas of waters within the South China Sea in China's sovereignty declaration may also lead to regional tensions. If this region struggle escalated into large-scale threat to international shipping moving of the conflict, then the United States may order the Navy to maintain a free flow of these sea routes. In both cases, the U.S. aircraft carrier stationed in Japan and other Asian waters in the vicinity of the attack group, may be ordered to take the first response.

However, in fact, undermine the stability of the specific territorial disputes in Asia, the United States naval forces to deter China not the only reason. Given China's heavy reliance on the sea through the Malacca Strait, the supply of energy transport, the Beijing government suggested the U.S. might attempt to blockade the Malacca to threaten China this maritime bottleneck.

In addition, Chinese analysts also expressed self-appointed Asia-Pacific region to the United States move to protect the many dissatisfied. However, the outbreak of regional conflicts, long points, and the sea areas of China Zai more confident Biaoming, Beijing government is reluctant to accept the U.S. of forward presence, which exist at a faster rate than previously Zaodao erosion. U.S. Navy forces in China's growing ambivalence, the United States in Japan has become the basic deployment was a major concern.

China's maritime power delivery is less than the Indian face of the Korea-Japan long-range air
Core Tip: U.S. "Defense News" on the 24th of the Chinese military's long-range delivery capability commented. Comments quoted Chinese experts as saying that the current long-range power delivery is still one of the PLA's weaknesses. Which to a large military transport aircraft in China as the core component of the long-range air power was not, and India, and China in the delivery of maritime forces face of the countries surrounding Korea and Japan.

 

Data Figure: Yushu Airport to participate in disaster relief operations the Air Force transport aircraft Il -76.

 

Data Figure: Korea Navy amphibious assault ship Dokdo cast amphibious combat vehicles for war games.

Global Times reported on May 31 "People's Liberation Army is moving from the original by the legs that support a mobile army into a modern military force to deploy quickly." USA, "Defense News" on the 24th of the Chinese military long-range delivery capability made the comment. The report said China strongly in recent years the development of long-range power projection, sea and air efforts in the concern, and even plan to buy A400M transport aircraft and construction of aircraft carriers. Chinese experts believe that, and military power compared to the PLA currently remote power projection capabilities are rather weak, can not fully meet the defense of our interests overseas, and accomplish diverse military tasks of the capacity requirements, focusing on the development of power projection capability is a development inevitable.

"Defense News" reports that long-range delivery capability has become one of the highest priority capacity development, "Chinese do this on a number of industrial projects --- both very interested in the aircraft or naval equipment, whether the United States, United Kingdom Joint European-made, or as long as they can provide remote delivery. " Reported as an important long-range force delivery means, the Chinese army's air force mainly by imports from Russia constitute a transport aircraft IL -76, but because of the number of aircraft equipment, the PLA is not much, and Russia on the import of 34 Il -76 transporter negotiations stalled, so the development of China plans to own an alternative transport plane IL -76, but "no one knows how to progress." Reported that the Chinese, from the EADS subsidiary Airbus A400M military division of the advanced transport aircraft developed more attractive. The report quoted a European official as saying, "China's interest in A400M is natural, because of the possibility of buying." One French official explained: "Although to transport military equipment, and have self-defense device, but no armed The A400M can be regarded as a civil aircraft. "Since the last century since the late 80s, the United States and the European Union has prohibited the export of arms and equipment to China. But the official acknowledged that "However, it sold to China will remain a complex political decision, requires each investor agreed to, including the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Spain and Turkey."

No. of Canada in May this year, "Han and Defense Review," also believes that Chinese-made military transport plane very difficult to complete the development within a short time, its progress will inevitably lag behind the development of large passenger aircraft C919, because the latter uses a large number of foreign manufacturers supply . Therefore, C919 can be used to modify the early warning aircraft, which will help enhance China's long-range delivery force and early warning capability.

"Defense News," said long-range transport of air than seek to strengthen the capacity of the hardware, China is also expanding the range of the development of sea power. Reported that since 2008 the Chinese navy has maintained in the Gulf of Aden waters continued military presence, "China at an unprecedented speed to several thousand kilometers away from the local area to send ships to complete the training and preparation work, which shows that China's overseas delivery capacity was greatly enhanced. "

Reported that sea power delivery of this task will help China to defend the interests of maritime safety and security drive its economic development, foreign trade smoothly. The article also quoted Chinese Defense Ministry official as saying that China's modernization needs in the Navy and the Air Force more money (relatively speaking Army), the two military services have become the cornerstone of national defense. Reported analysis, the next step may be to purchase the list will be carriers. The article quoted defense officials as saying the name, the Chinese have an aircraft carrier is studying the possibility and conditions, "because except for China, the world's other major powers have aircraft carriers."

The report also said the expectations of the Chinese navy and navies of other countries with the European co-operation with the fight against Somali pirates in order to enhance China-sea naval combat experience. Chinese Navy and the West in recent years more and more contact with the Navy, will undoubtedly increase in the objective of the Chinese Navy's power projection capability.

A Chinese expert believes that the current long-range power delivery is still one of the PLA's weaknesses. For example, a large military transport aircraft is the fast delivery of foreign forces an important means, but China's large military transport aircraft available a very limited number. Some foreign experts believe that the Chinese military's long-range airlift capacity is not yet and India. In addition, the Chinese navy is also a lack of similar French "West Wind"-class amphibious landing ships as sea power delivery has been affected. In contrast, East Asia, South Korea, the Japanese navy are equipped with all-pass similar to the deck amphibious assault ship. People's Liberation Army that the lack of delivery capacity, it is difficult to meet the defense of the current interests of China's rising demand overseas. In fact, not to mention the delivery to the foreign forces to conduct long-range rapid movement in the country have been largely restricted, Yushu earthquake that occurred some time ago, the PLA can only transport aircraft IL -76 Yushu airport take off and land on the plateau. In recent years, a small number of IL -76 in China frequently appears in various disaster situations, to some extent explain the lack of long-range air transport equipment.
 

Speed the development of the Chinese Navy is no longer a Coast Guard

Core Tip: In recent years, the Chinese navy every move some Western media attention. 3 at the end of this year, the first time Chinese warships into the Gulf, in April has been the high seas in the Western Pacific military exercises. In addition, comments on the media have, "Japan Times" said that "the Chinese Navy is no longer a Coast Guard that it would be balance of power in the Western Pacific region have a profound impact."

 

Chinese naval fleet of new destroyers and convoy exercises.

 

Japan reports open East China Sea training photos of modern class destroyer 139.

 

The Japanese side of the public, the Chinese Navy in April training in the East China Sea region, Kilo-class submarines to pay the water photos.

Guangzhou Daily reported on May 31 playing the media: China's submarine force has sufficient capacity to sink the U.S. aircraft carrier U.S. media exaggeration: the U.S. submarine should not be less than 48 "threat."

In recent years, the Chinese navy every move some Western media attention. 3 at the end of this year, the first time Chinese warships into the Gulf, in April has been the high seas in the Western Pacific military exercises. Thus, in some foreign media, all kinds of claims about China's naval forces have released, many of them remark. Western news media focused their attention on China's naval link, how should we defend our own maritime interests?

Foreign media play up the "threat", "Chinese Navy to change the military balance in Asia"

U.S. "The Wall Street Journal," "increasingly worried about China's military strength increased," and dispensed with the so-called survey said 62.4% of Japanese worried about China's military power; Singapore's "Straits Times" exclaimed "the development of China's naval forces are gradually changing the Asia-Pacific military balance. "

Jamestown Foundation, United States, "China Brief," "The Chinese Navy is no longer subject to the first island chain, ready to free navigation in the Western Pacific"; "Japan Times" said, "The Chinese Navy is no longer a Coast Guard team, it will be the balance of power the western Pacific have far-reaching impact "; the U.S.," Huffington Post "said," China's deepening the high seas, Qi expansion more speed enough to allow the U.S. to policy formulation by surprise ".

"China's submarine force with the U.S. aircraft carrier sinking capability"

Japan's "Sankei Shimbun" on May 24 entitled "The Way of Chinese maritime hegemony," the report said the Chinese Navy in April of action is to prepare for the future aircraft carrier submarine ambush. "Chinese naval fleet majestically through between Okinawa and Miyako Island waters and past the Chinese Song-class submarines in 2006 in the United States aircraft carrier around, these two operations is the Navy's warning to U.S., Japan, that China already has sunk aircraft carrier's capabilities. "

"China threat should not be less than 48 U.S. submarines"

U.S. "armed forces" magazine in May published an article, China is building nuclear-powered submarines, and will be equipped with 12 ballistic missile range of 4,000 nautical miles. This means that if a Chinese nuclear submarine from the sea east of the central location of Hawaii to the U.S. attacks, his ballistic missiles will cover the entire United States. In this case, the U.S. Navy in the next few years to maintain a team of more than 48 attack submarines, submarine force composed.

U.S. two-pronged "alert" the U.S. military satellite positioning to track Chinese submarines

China's submarine combat capability has been the focus of the United States. To find out the Chinese "water force" movement, the U.S. military "to do anything to" a variety of survey vessels and patrol aircraft, often in Chinese waters near the military, even the satellites now joined the ranks.

When the PLA submarine left the base and into the deep sea, the head of the U.S. spy satellite may be being voyeuristic. The next 18 months, in charge of spy satellites the United States will launch a large number of the U.S. National Reconnaissance satellites, speculation that some of the satellites will be used to locate and track Chinese submarines.

Satellite, laser, infrared and synthetic aperture radar detectors detect submarines are available. U.S. military satellite and undersea sensors can also be fixed in the sea bed or floating in the seas of the detectors, and other submarines, ships and aircraft to detect the composition of the complete network, from underwater, sea, air and space, four levels of submarine launched "three-dimensional search." (International Online)

Strengthen the Asia-Pacific sea power upgrade Aegis destroyers and an imaginary enemy fighters

To strengthen the Asia-Pacific sea power, the U.S. Navy Pacific Fleet have begun to give priority to upgrade the "Ticonderoga" class guided missile cruiser, while the Asia-Pacific region to further increase the capacity of the ship with the number of ballistic missile defense. Also plans to deploy a new amphibious assault ship in the Asia Pacific region, specifically to enhance air combat capability, capable of carrying and landing, "Osprey" tilt-rotor aircraft, transport and attack helicopters, AV-8B "Harrier" type fighters and F-35B Short Takeoff and Vertical landing Joint Strike Fighter and other aircraft.

In addition, a new generation of fighters against the Asia-Pacific countries, the U.S. Navy F-16N renovation of a group of fighters conduct training as an imaginary enemy, and F-16N is a Russian MiG -29 J -10 and new fighters such as the template.
 

India's Agni missile lock 5 4 under pressure to cancel the fire in China
Core Tip: India plans to launch next year, can cover the whole territory of China, 5 long-range Agni missile. Agni-5 missile by road mobile missile storage / launch tube, quick launch, strong viability. India had planned to develop 6,000 km range Agni-4 above, but under international pressure to abolish the embargo.

India tests Agni 3 missile
 

Agni-3 missiles currently exist are too large to launch safeguard issues inconvenience
Zhongguang Wang on May 31 reported that according to "Economic Times of India" reported on 27, India's Defense Research Development Organization and the Strategic Forces Command plans to test a new design the first half of 2011, "Agni -5" ICBMs. This range of 5,000 km as far more than India's current missile "Agni -3" far has doubled the scope of not only against the first cover the whole territory of China, but also will promote India's own ICBM, "Elite Club" in 1. Indian media is not only the "Agni -5" imaginary enemy missiles lock for the Chinese, also compared the technical details, it is said that the missile will be adopted and China, "Dongfeng-31A" ICBM mobile launchers similar way.

"The most ambitious strategic missile"

According to reports, India's Defense Research Development Organization, attended the National Science and Technology in the main 席萨拉斯瓦特 Day ceremony, revealed: "Agni -5 satisfactory progress of the project, expected to launch next year. This will allow India access to a comprehensive strategy to combat capacity, but only a few countries in the world to have this ability. "alleged a range of 5,000 km of" Agni -5 "ICBM is India's" most ambitious strategic missile program, "which, after successful launch will make India among the few intercontinental missile capabilities have developed the list.

"Indian Express" said that India's current "Agni" series of missiles, all with solid rocket motor forward, tactical flexibility than the previous Indian equipment, "Earth" series of liquid-fueled missile to improve a lot. India had open, "Agni" missile there are three, respectively, 750 km range "Agni -1", a range of 1,500 kilometers of "Agni -2" and the 2,500 km range "Agni -3", which is enough to blow into Pakistan area, but throughout China, India to achieve strategic deterrence, still need to "fire -5" This kind of long-range missiles. Reportedly, the "Agni -5" India's ICBM arsenal will be the first long-range road mobile missile, which will greatly expand the scope of the missile hit. Reported that, due to be transported by road to various locations in India launched, in addition to North and South America, the "Agni -5" ICBMs will be able to lock the target on all continents.

By the Chinese "East Wind" missiles inspired

"India's Economic Times" said, "Agni -5" hypothetical ICBM targeting not only in China, while design is also inspired by the Chinese. And before "Agni" missile is different from "Agni -5" will become the first Indian arsenal from the storage / launch tube road mobile missile launch, "and China's National Day military parade in the last year show quite Dongfeng-31A ICBM similarities. " Reported that "Agni -5" missile missile can hold in a special storage / launch tube in sealed for many years, launch preparations will be able to simply fire. In contrast, the existing "Agni -3" missile is much more difficult to change the deployment location. Indian defense experts said, the future of all of India's strategic missiles would be modified similar to the special storage / launch tube.

According to reports, this conversion can greatly improve the survival of India's strategic missile force. During the Cold War, the United States to deploy a nationwide rail 50 similar mobility, the "guardian of peace" intercontinental missile that can offset the Soviet Union have 308 fixed-SS-18 intercontinental missile launched. Obviously, India's development of road-mobile "fire -5" is also based on this consideration.

Disappear "Agni -4"

The range of 5,000 km of India's "Agni -5" is called "ICBM" and have intercontinental missiles to join the "Elite Club" and proud, but in accordance with international practice, only 8,000 km range ballistic missile called 才被"ICBM."

Let the outside world about is India's "Agni" missile family sequence, only the lack of a "fire -4" missile. Successfully tested in 2007, "-3 Agni" missile, India has declared that it would develop a range of 6,000 km of "Agni -4" intercontinental missile with a range sufficient to cover parts of China or Europe, but then no further progress. Before the U.S. "missile threat" Web site disclosed the secret of India's ICBM development. Reported, "Agni -3" after the missile tests, a number of countries have refused to India's exports fiber, which is to create an indispensable ICBM warheads thermal layer of material. In order to avoid tension in the international community, in June 2007 the Government of India decided to "fire the missile a maximum range of 5,000 km limited", "Agni -4" of the research project also will be shelved. But India still support the development of ICBMs say, for India's rising national strength, the development of a true ICBM would be granted the "next stage of development goals."
 

"Sharpshooters" Story - the people's army attacks the hero spectrum

Comrade Yang Changshun endowed in 1955 when pictures of
    Although the sniper killing the enemy has been the people's army one of the traditional tactics, but before the Korean War, our military operations in the history of the sniper has no full-time. This is mainly because by the historical background and national environmental constraints, our troops in positional warfare, confront the situation of war relatively rare, most cases are used in warfare, guerrilla tactics, the lack of a wide range of activities carried out attacks on conditions. However, because of the backwardness of equipment, in particular the lack of bullets and other reasons, starting from the Red Army, our military has always attached great importance to the shooting skills, in particular, a large number of training "shooter", with minimal consumption of ammunition in exchange for the greatest success. And now the sniper is different from our military was the "shooter" in the overwhelming majority of ordinary soldiers came, almost without specialized training, are also the most common use of weapons, but they are by virtue of perseverance, determination and indomitable fight, but made with professional snipers have also whom staggering record. Described in this article, it is more representative among them several ... ...
Daredevil team, "first shot": Yang Changshun

To become a marksman, in addition to shooting talent, it is more important is hard work and practice, Yang Changshun is a typical one.

 

 Yang Changshun the daredevil team photo with the comrades. Precisely because of his chest of medals obtained by killing the enemy Emirates.

Yang Changshun County of Henan Jia, pick coal worker origin. In 1937, only 18-year-old Yang Changshun the purpose of holding anti-Japanese to join the army came to Shanxi, Shanxi Province to participate in the Bo-led team of young daredevil enemy. At that time very few heavy weapons troops, war depends mainly on rifles, Yang Changshun be determined to good marksmanship training to hand out. He trained very hard, willing to out strength, in addition to daily training under military subjects, issued to him all day holding that 38-style rifles made support Jin, taking the time to piggyback with their training, aiming branches during the day, aiming birds , aiming at the stars, aim the lights far away, and soon there will be a greatly improved shooting performance. Yang Changshun willing to move head of military technology to learn, to contact him playing in his hometown before joining the army hare experience, summed up the amount of know-how to master the advance, particularly good at playing sports goals. Yang Changshun was an experience they talk about this when it said: "The purpose of marksmanship training hard, save only one aspect of ammunition, more importantly, against the enemy, brave and decisive action to a shot of defeating the enemy, you shot back that he does not pile, he will overthrow you. "

Soon to join the army returned with just a few months of Yang Changshun the first combat troops. Before the fighting started, he and his platoon to scout the enemy, found a group of Japanese is 300 meters away in open space on the gathering, ready to attack in the middle of a body Kuazhihuidao the Devils officers are indiscreet criticisms. Platoon leader on the points he Yang Changshun said: "Xiao Yang, the Devils saw knife yet? Try your marksmanship." Yang Changshun said nothing, estimate what the distance will be aiming rifles from the quasi-porting to. A gunshot and saw that on Emirates are drawn down to the ground, the other devils immediately chaotic, Yang Changshun and platoon leader took the opportunity to return safely. This incident caused a sensation in the army, joined the army a few days of "Xiao Yang," so remember the power, from this we call him "Daredevil team fired the first shot." Soon Yang Changshun was transferred to do the heads of the guards brigade, and later was sent to a branch Kang Da learning.

The summer of 1940, the Eighth Route Army to meet positive battlefield action in the North China launched the famous "Hundred Regiments." Year by the end of October, Yang Changshun unit, ordered in Shanxi Province Hung Ling Wuxiang County area check the Japanese. Yang Changshun and his comrades entered the night with the position. Before the dawn came, he found vaguely more than 200 meters away across several enemy machine-gun fortifications are being built, the location is ambushing them this place. Yang Changshun determined to make this the biggest threat to the military firepower to kill, so he quietly, "Czech-style" gun outstretched, aiming at one of the enemy is shot. As the dark, with a large mountain range error estimates, the guns to shoot high, and the enemy immediately hid behind the Banchi high weeds. Stay a while and see much to complain movement, three devils they emerge to continue the digging fortifications. Yang Changshun will scale back a box, then hit a shot aimed at the enemy. It hit a low shot, and fell on the edge of fortifications. The enemy that "Tu Balu" guns are not allowed to play, then feel free to make and began to live, the Devils look like one of the officers also unearthed in half a body to a telescope to look around our positions. Yang Changshun did not expect this down to make it real, and in carefully corrected aim point, the shot kept that officers punched a headlong devils. Taking advantage of the other two devils had not woke up to God, Yang Changshun quickly pull the bolt, back shell, re-loaded and aimed firing, in turn struck down the last side of a devil. This reaction over the middle of the devils, scatter feet and ran, but did not ran a few steps was a flood of third bullet hit the ground eating mud went. The enemy's machine gun was never able to complete their fortifications, Yang Changshun also highlighted his record once again by higher awards.

Yang Changshun later followed Liu, Deng army advance with the Central Plains, and bandits took part in the fighting in Henan. After the founding of the PRC, he served as director of the Navy's logistics warehouse 603, and the 10th anniversary of National Day military parade in the naval side team leader. But Yang Changshun rarely mentioned his outstanding record of kills, and only once when someone asked him again and again destroyed a total of how many devils, he just smiled and said: "There are three, 50 bar."

 

Hongze Lake "have arrived": Cun-Yu

By the end of October 1942, the Japanese gathered massive, anti-Japanese base areas in Huaibei launched a sustained 33 days of the big "sweep." Dec. 9, 4 Division I New Fourth Army Group in Assault Qingyang base 26 after the withdrawal of Hongze Lake Chu Kong for rest and maintenance. Early the next morning, the Japanese and puppet troops of a 1500 gold wing over Chenye outflanking attack, attempting to destroy 26 groups in one fell swoop. New Fourth Army in the history of the famous battle Chu Kong begins.

Former oil minister after the founding of the General Logistics Department of the Sun The group of more than 1 camp when he was 26 again and again long 2. He joined the army in 1939, after more than three years of tough training, he was an experienced commander, but also trained to have an extraordinary good marksmanship.

Soon the fighting began, the Japanese main force that is flowing into a direct threat to the seat body 26 Conductor Cao Wei. Sun survival rate of more than a 20 people appointed to the strengthening of classes towards guarding Cao Wei Sun Kong the gateway to the north. Soldiers With tens of meters long period of transport channel, successive defeat of the Devils in cooperation with three infantry artillery attack, the enemy temporarily into the confrontation. Cunning Japanese army sharpshooter found a big threat to them, coupled with a positive charge Jiugong high, they also choose the Principal striker, climb the southeast traffic channel more than 80 meters away from a roof of house to the roof of thatch To cover a commanding our army to the traffic trench shooting. As the roar of guns on the battlefield, with soldiers at this time to ease the pressure neighbor, is offensive to the north east gate of the enemy Cao Wei diversionary shooting, the sniper on the Devils off guard and promote continuous casualties a few comrades.

See the enemy army, vice squad leader Lou Xinzhi their targets, killing four consecutive Devils, they eye on him. A shot from the side to the bullets grazed from Lou Xinzhi head, hit the Gouyan on, causing the Sun deposits remaining alert. Devils found sniping, he felt the situation is very passive, must be first knocked out the enemy snipers. Enemy sniper in the Where is it? He first inspected the sacrifice of two comrades shot in the location and found that bullets were coming from the southeast to fight, he immediately thought of the houses in question. Is observed, the devils also found his actions, "pit" of the shot to fight over, more than a bow deposit Sun, but fortunately they caught: "I also lets you experience the look of marksmanship!" Cun-Yu from the head of the expense of comrades Abstract Under the cap, the top in rifle cleaning rod, the slightly exposed Gouyan that its rebound from a few meters to the right, picked up a 38-style rifle, pointed at the roof of that house. Enemy really taken the bait, and soon will play shot from the roof, the middle section through the cap. Company commander's sight can be at this time Sun has also been firmly caught the Devils sniper, a pinch machines, "pit" of the cuts and the results of his corpse rolled all the way down from the roof.

Cun-I do not particularly pleased, because he knew devils would not easily give up the excellent sniper positions. He slightly moved position, continue to monitor the roof. Soon, the roof there is something flashed bright, Sun Company Commander to read, is a Japanese helmet, but only rises a little to stop no more. He did not hurry to shoot, but continue to be patient. Then, after a few minutes and devils that there was no danger, and slowly half a head appeared. Cun-Yu seize the opportunity to unite in hatred of guns, the shot penetrated the opponent's head on. The enemy still did not give up, they sent a third sniper, but its end and his two predecessors. Cun-Yu for his excellent marksmanship, three rounds of three, the results of the three Japanese, completely awed by the enemy. Until the end of the battle, the enemy did not dare to climb up the roof sniper.

In the day's battle, the Sun has to keep more than one bullet stump, shot and killed the Japanese team leader, repulsed the enemy attack a team. His heroic deeds and later served as Division Commander of the Peng Xuefeng 4 comrades to write a "Chu Kong fighting martyred martyrs memorial inscription," which has greatly encouraged the New Fourth Army commanders and fighters to fight.

 

An boarding gate tower of six days "revolution sharpshooters": Wei to State

August 1942, 18-year-old to the country participated in the Eighth Route Army Wei Jiaodong Rongcheng independent business. Soon to join the army, his talent began to emerge shooting, in a battle, he used more than 20 rounds of ammunition destroyed six enemy, but the young man in Shandong are still not satisfied with their performance. With years of hard daily exercise, the more practice his marksmanship more accurate, and soon became famous for the forces of "sharpshooter."

 

 Principal war hero - Wei to the pictures of the country in the early liberation

June 1946, the Kuomintang troops from the 54th Qingdao landing, attack the liberated areas of Shandong. Military units have been ordered Jiaodong Shandong stopping the enemy field army westward. July 2, when the 4th Brigade Association of Shandong Military Region 8, Mission guard platoon leader in a row to the country with the Wei forces in the east of the station Langer Nanquan Chuang check the enemy. The next day at dawn, two with the enemy artillery support attacked. Wei to the country observed a moment, took a 38-style rifle, using the cover of the graves, will be a good ruler, the enemy began to hurry to aim and shoot. He has eyes like a bullet, like a shot, and shortly Liaodao dozen enemy. The enemy's offensive formation beaten splinters, and the remaining enemies to desperately drilled crops nearby, but still can not escape the vengeance of the bullet. He found a bullet from the enemy in this direction, they focus on the severity of firearms to the shooting at him. Wei calmly to the country, so that the whole row of fighters took off his cap and a gun hanging on the corn stalk through bar to confuse the enemy. This trick is very effective, the enemy discovered the fake "target", fire up at once dispersed. Wei Lai States to continue to leisurely pressure bombs, shooting, and then pressure bomb, then firing. Whether the enemy has just revealed the first, or only half a body unearthed, as long as the sound of gunfire, then killed or injured. Front edge, noodle Wei lying to the country full of enemies killed, on behalf of record of piled stones. After the whole row of soldiers to fight the enemy eventually able to survive, back down. Resort only focus on the enemy fire, bombing on the army positions. 14:00 more event of heavy rain, was stunning shells Wei to the country over the past back to life. He found 100 meters away, an enemy is hiding in the tree after the officer waving flags, to organize a new attack, they put a gun aimed at a tree, and then when that guy out of hand when a bullet such as the flash of light, like flying, small flag fall to the ground holding his injured hand that officer will be back running. Wei Lai States eye grassland, a fast, 135 rounds of ammunition, "A pair of hook" sound, the first 110 "victories" are drawn down to the ground. The remaining enemies at once chaotic business, back scratching and scrambling to run, no longer dared attack. WEI countries face to adhere to the position of a row of enemy equipment, two full American offensive group for a long time, he just lack of progress is not progress.

East China Field Army Commander, Comrade Chen Yi was in when reporting to Chairman Mao, Wei specifically referred to the country of 135 rounds of ammunition down 110 enemy deeds, Chairman Mao and said: "One person who took out an enemy with, great, ah, the whole army officers and men of all countries such as the Wei to the war of liberation will greatly shorten the time. "whole column, all of Shandong Military Region have carried out to study the activities of Wei to the country. His hometown - Rongcheng County, the county government to do a piece specially written "revolution sharp shooters" of tipping large plaque hanging in the Wei to the doorway.

April 19, 1947, China is already a longitudinal field of 77 9 4 Company Commander Wei Mission to the country, ordered troops to reinforce the Mengyin White Horse Tai Kwan check the KMT 11th Division. The support of the adjacent units, all with the command of Wei to the country by virtue of advantageous terrain, stick to positions 7 days 7 nights. 4 Even in the Wei to the country under the leadership of training leads to shooting techniques, in this battle got into full play, the whole company beat back the enemy several times throughout the brigade and regiment stormed, kill and wound more than 500 enemy, including Wei to the country to fight one of 136 guns 92 dead enemy. After the battle, Wei was named to State Principal of Honor war hero and first-class merit, wearing a big red flower, and Chen Yi sat the ceremony was Commander of the rostrum, four columns even was awarded the "White Horse fighting off a model with "Honor.

Eve of the founding of new China, Wei was elected to the country first plenary session of the CPPCC National Committee and the Bureau of the Assembly on behalf of the members, cordially received by Chairman Mao. WEI countries soon to follow Chairman Mao and other Party and state leaders mounted the Tiananmen rostrum, attended the founding ceremony. In 1950, Wei was named to the national war hero country, and then five consecutive National Day are mounted Tiananmen Gate.

 

Shangganling the "sniper hero": Zhang Tao Fang

From 1952, the Korean War the enemy on the battlefield, the two sides formed a local confrontation. Although the equipment on the disadvantages of making the initial disadvantage volunteers in positional warfare, but they were flexible with tactics and endless creativity, the first time the man in the world for the attacks on the war as a group improved in nature, with a strategy operational form of color, that is, "cold sniper gun movement." Such tactics and other means of defense operations positions combined, produce a great power, as volunteers to seize initiative on the battlefield, and then win the final victory of the war made an indelible contributions.

 

 Jun Zhang Tao Fong heads personally watched the shooting demonstration. Zhang Tao Fong at this time is used by 38 rifle

"Cold guns sniper movement" appearing in the most legendary heroes is the 24th Chinese People's Volunteers Army 72 division 214 regiment with soldiers Zhang Tao Fang 8. He is Xinghua of people, in September 1952 entry into the war with the army, in January 1953 into the 597.9 high ground. Zhang Tao Fang was only 22 years old, had never participated in real combat, January 29 for the first time entered the war, and even put a 12 gun has not hurt the enemy, but also almost cold shot and wounded by the enemy. But he called a natural sniper, after analysis concluded quickly into the role, the next day and killed a U.S.. With actual combat experience is gained, the increasing figures of his kills, 15 February to 9 rounds of ammunition he destroyed seven enemy, more than a record of his comrades, and awarded a third class time. Since then, Zhang Tao Fang Yuezhanyueyong, 40 days will be made to consume 240 bomb death of the record of 71 enemies with the first number as the whole sniper. 113 when he shoot the enemy when shooting even in sending him to the Postgraduate Course, back to the front post is out of control, have each played in gains. During this period, he had also sent with the enemy "anti-sniper" had staged a two wonderful duel between the top scorer, the result is a better skill Zhang Tao-fang, the other person killed in 2004, CCTV had on this background of production and broadcasting through "sniper hero", "Sniper Zhang Tao Fang" and other TV series.

 

 In Zhang Tao Fong with the help of fellow classmate Huang Xinghai (left) has become the death of the sniper enemy kills more than 100 experts.

May 26, 1953, Zhang Tao Fong returned to participate in the Second National Congress Youth League, when he once again rejoin, the Korean Armistice Agreement has been signed into force, so his record will never be kills cells in the figure on the 214. He began the year on January 29 to participate in attack group to the May 25 date, less than 4 months, excluding training, meetings and other activities, the actual war for only 32 days, total fat consumption of 442 bombs, shoot the enemy 214 name, setting the highest record single sniper volunteers. It is worth mentioning that Zhang Tao Fang using a Soviet-style ride in 1944, gun, gun barrel that short, spreading surface is larger, if not his talent with hard training the day after tomorrow, it is difficult to achieve such good the results. Therefore, he has won the Principal heroic volunteers, two heroes of the title, and received a national flag Korean Medal. 1954, Zhang Tao Fong transferred to the Air Force of any fighter pilot, retired Air Force a division office in Weifang, the political instructor, has been retired.

 

 Xi Xiang Zou volunteer soldiers (the) introduction to the fellow sniper kills the experience. He sniper kill and wound in a month to U.S. 36, and awarded a first.

North Korean attack on the battlefield in fact far from being a hero Zhang Tao Fong one. 1,2 months in 1951, the first group of 65 Army 2nd Battalion of sharpshooters 585 are on the order of 750 rounds of ammunition and annihilating 83. Sniper killing the enemy to carry out large-scale activities in May 1952 after the 355 was the 40th Army Group 9 with the XU Shi-Zhen create a support trench fortifications in trench warfare in the sniper kills a precedent, the day British troops killed seven people, and soon it kinds of mobile and flexible tactics in military widely. From late July to the end of October, only 12 Army would attack and destroy the enemy 2506, consumption of fat bomb 5843, its only 11 casualties. In the attack most active April to August, and destroy the enemy army attacks that reached 13,600, completely destroyed the enemy's arrogance, so that the United Nations military officers and men to volunteer activities, Kitayama later position along called "attacks Bing Ling. "

 

War in self-defense counterattack "lone hero": Rock Dragon

February 17, 1979, mother came the rumble of artillery in southern Xinjiang, shocked the world self-defense against Vietnam War began. Yan Long is the initial battle, a hero emerged, and he is also the first PLA Dai war hero, the Dai people have remained proud of him.

Dragon Rock was born in 1960, Jinghong County, Yunnan Province, strong rural King Man, 14 years old to participate in the militia, in March 1978 joined the army, to Zhudian 14 Army 41 division 123 regiment 5 with 4 classes when the soldiers. Although only the class rock dragons do not understand Chinese, but his hard, hard to make up for the language barrier, and threw himself into military training to go. In particular rifle training. After required courses done, rock Long also worked hard for their own weaknesses arm strength, will be nine bricks bound together, in one fell swoop is under 30; for the practice, according to the gun, he often lie in the sun for the next several hours, elbow birth thick cocoon. Hard work pays off, the first rifle shooting he made 9 of 9, I called good, grenades thrown 56 meters, in the company, battalion, 7th regiment at the live fire, he got all the best. Just a short time was even rock dragon 4, camp awards, and was the regiment as shooting, bombings and military and sports model.

 

 October 1979 issue of "infantry regiment returned fire in self-defense war history compiled" on the manipulation of light machine gun Dragon Rock photos

Fight back in self-defense fighting began. February 21, Long's unit was ordered to rock along Route 73 east to the Old Street area Nanzheng forward. 11 am, near the bridge in the distance Nanzheng 78 Highland, knives row with an enhanced experience with the Vietnamese troops. The enemy occupies a favorable position, with antiaircraft machine guns, mortars and heavy machine guns, commanding the army shooting. As the backup has not yet arrived, the soldiers had to brave enemy fire 4 points hail of bullets, side fight back side to build bunkers, platoon Pan Kunhua unfortunately hit sacrifice, three seriously wounded comrade negative, the situation is very passive.

Was at stake, the high ground a scream in the most vicious enemy machine gun suddenly does not ring, and the enemy fortifications in the shooting have become sparse down. After a while, the severity of the enemy toward the left side of the valley firearms suddenly Mengsao up fortifications of the enemy also reversed direction, toward the valley opened fire. The gap in the enemy fire, the soldiers came to hear the valley, "Bang, bang," the semi-automatic rifle shots. Subsequently, the right of this shot again in the back of the enemy sounded, the enemy's firepower has been attracted to go in that direction. Dagger row suddenly reduced pressure.

 

 Self-defense, returned fire during the Vietnam War enemy, I sides have carried out extensive speculative attack. The picture shows our military soldiers and exposed for the sniper aim to attract Vietnamese troops specially produced "false targets" of the photo (Image from "Laoshan blue" website)

It turned out that dragon drill into the rock behind the enemy. When he completed the task after escorting the wounded, lost contact with his comrades, along the hills touch the enemy side of the rear alone. When the army was found to neutralize the enemy fire, the rock cover of dragon trees using weeds are rapidly approaching the Vietnamese troops positions. He first climbed from the most threatening of the four classes of that heavy machine guns about 100 meters, shot twice and killed the enemy and vice striker, another enemy machine-gun fire point of a onto the scene, was that he knocked up. Then he found a circular fortifications there are many enemies to our shooting, then the cover of intense gunfire, one by one to the enemy "by name", series killed seven Vietnamese soldiers. Found that bullets from the lateral of the enemy to attack us, we concentrated firepower to fight back within the valley, but had not imagined the dragon rock hidden in their very eyes. In more than four hours of fighting, rock dragon calm, tactfully constantly changing shooting positions, interspersed shooting back and forth, but also eliminated the positions Vietnamese troops left the firing point, then around the hill to repair the fortifications of the three are Vietnamese troops killed and destroyed a mortar position. Enemy sniper in the rock under the dragon dead, or scattered, for a time was chaotic, to adjust the deployment of our military in time for the precious time.

After the battle, rock Long before they appeared in front of his comrades, and to use space off to tell his comrades fighting in battle after he was this time when he was starting with 150 rounds of ammunition (rock dragon own instruments but also to the company for 50 rounds) only 25 made. As the post-war forces to move quickly, can not verify the results and so even in order to report record rock dragon, he reported a projected half a day only 22, but certainly better than the actual figure is much higher (say 56 other people). However, when the adjacent units, 78 occupied high ground after a Kim's house found more than 60 Vietnamese troops due for a towed body, is an indirect validation of the dragon rock record.

At 18 o'clock on the February 25, shop floor, the direction of enemy forces embarked positions. Long chest hung a new rock to the telescope captured, walking in the front row of sharp knives. Hidden in the road side of the enemy thought he was the commander of a shuttle to the evil that he shot the bullet, which hit rocks two long hair in the chest. Rock Dragon honor the sacrifice, self-defense war from the start the day just 7 days.

March 1979, 41 division committees under the rock dragon death wish, ratify his party members, and sent back by first class merit. In the same year on September 17, the Central Military Commission posthumous his "lone hero" Honor.

Vietnam War in the emerging self-defense counterattack "sharpshooters" not just as a rock dragon. 8 even squares regiment soldiers to kill and wound the enemy of 31 to 30 rounds of ammunition. May 1988 the Central Military Commission issued an order to grant him "hero" title of honor.
 

Today, our military's equipment has been incomparable, mechanization, information has already replaced a year of "millet plus rifles." The rapid development of the tide of military reform, has emerged in hundreds of thousands of "shooter" of the people's army is still inherited our ancestors, "a bullet destroy every enemy" and "Gunslinger spirit", and carry them, they are targeting new goals, start a new leap ... ...
 

地雷作为世界上最古老的火器之一已经存在了几百年，自我国宋代发明地雷以来，地雷已经在无数次的战争中立下过赫赫战功。在抗日战争时期，我根据地军民也利用地雷大量的杀伤日本侵略者，并涌现出一大批地雷战的传奇英雄和故事，在人民革命斗争史上写下了光辉的一页。我国60年代拍摄的电影《地雷战》就是以历史上的真实人物和事件为基础改编的。但当时的地雷基本上都是各根据地民兵自行设计制造的，并没有制式化，其杀伤效果、可靠性也不尽如人意。在新中国成立后，在人民兵工的努力下，地雷这种古老的武器又一次焕发出青春。

新中国成立之初，人民军队的武器装备几乎都是从敌人手里缴获的各类杂牌武器，号称“万国造”。而在历次战斗中，人民军队就是凭借着这样的武器与武装到牙齿的敌人进行斗争，这也成为了新中国兵工人心中梦魇。为了不让历史重演，新中国的兵工部门在极其简陋的条件下开始了自行设计制造新式武器的任务。反步兵地雷作为现代战争中不可或缺的武器，也成为重点关注的项目。局限于当时的条件，新中国的兵工部门只能采取仿制与自行设计两条腿走路的办法，加快武器装备的现代化进程。

 

 

引进仿制阶段

1958年，以苏制PMN地雷为蓝本仿制的国产58式反步兵地雷诞生，并正式列装部队。国产58式反步兵地雷在当时也是一种比较先进的地雷，其结构简单，杀伤效果好，难以被探雷器探测。该雷为压发爆破型防步兵地雷，主要以装药爆炸后产生的高温高压气体杀伤敌人的有生目标。由于装药量较大，同时也兼具破坏敌人轮式运输车辆轮胎的功能。其外观为一圆柱体，全重约为600克，内装200克梯恩梯炸药。除击发装置和起爆管外，雷壳等大部分零部件均为酚醛塑料（俗称电木）注塑而成，成本低廉且便于制造。同时由于大量的采用的塑料元件，被敌人探雷器发现的概率也大大降低了。

58式反步兵地雷及原型PMN地雷

58式反步兵地雷主要由防潮蒙皮、压盖、雷壳、压杆、击发机构、起爆管和装药等几个部分组成。雷体内横向、纵向各贯穿有一个圆孔，横向圆孔用于安装击发机构和起爆管，纵向圆孔用于安装压杆和压杆簧，其余空间基本上都被装药填满。压盖用一个橡胶制成的防潮蒙皮包裹在雷壳上，为防止脱落和进一步提高防潮能力，还用一条薄钢片冲压成的抱箍固定于雷体上。压杆的中心也开有一个贯穿的圆孔，圆孔中心加工出一个凸台，凸台的作用是抵住击针，防止其解脱。在布设后，由于压杆簧的作用，压杆向上抵住压盖，击针也同时被压杆内的凸台卡住无法解脱。当敌人踩踏地雷时，压盖将压力传递给压杆，压杆下降，击针脱离凸台的限制，引爆起爆管使地雷爆炸。值得一提的是：58式反步兵地雷击发机构拥有两道保险，极大的保证了布雷者的安全。第一道保险为刚性保险，即保险销。保险销穿过击针套管上的小孔，将击针固定住，在保险销拔出以前，击针无法解脱。而第二道保险则是由软金属制成的缓冲片，该缓冲片穿过击针尾部的钢丝环。当使用者拔出保险销后，在击针簧张力作用下，击针向前运动，而此时击针尾部的钢丝环逐步切割缓冲片，经过一段时间后将其切断，地雷方可进入战斗状态。为安全起见，该雷运输、储存时起爆管与地雷分开保存，使用前才将起爆管装入雷体。拔出保险销前需检查其软金属缓冲片是否已损坏，若已损坏，必须更换缓冲片后方可使用。

58式反步兵地雷击发机构

58式反步兵地雷结构详解

58式反步兵地雷击针被凸台限制状态

58式反步兵地雷击针解脱状态

而59式反步兵地雷则是一种结构更为简单的地雷，仿自苏式POMZ-2反步兵地雷，是一种绊发破片杀伤型地雷，主要以引爆后产生的破片杀伤敌人的有生目标。该雷外型酷似一枚大号的木柄手榴弹，仅有六个主要部件：引信、火帽、雷管、装药、雷壳和固定桩。雷体为铸铁制成，并在表面铸有沟槽，沟槽的作用是保证地雷引爆后产生较多有效的杀伤破片。雷体上下方均开有一个贯穿的圆孔，上方的孔较小，用于安装引信；而下方的圆孔较大，主要用于装填炸药和插入固定桩。该雷战斗全重为两千克，雷体内填充75克梯恩梯，引爆后可产生约200片杀伤破片，杀伤半径为7.5米。59式反步兵地雷布设也很简单：将雷体下方的固定桩插入土中，装上引信，并将绊线上带挂钩的一端挂在拉火栓上，另外一端绑在绊桩或其他固定物上，最后拔出保险销即可进入战斗状态。如地面太硬，无法将固定桩插入，也可用绳索或铁丝将雷体固定在树桩、石块等固定物上。当敌人绊到绊线上后，引信击针解脱，向下打击起爆管引爆地雷，破片呈360度范围向四周飞散。该雷的优点是结构简单，不仅适合战时兵工厂大规模生产，也可以在小作坊里自制，且杀伤范围也较58式反步兵地雷大。但它的缺点也是很明显的：首先该雷金属件较多，容易被敌方的探雷器发现；其次，该雷布设时雷体必须暴露在地面上，如不加以伪装，容易被敌人发现并排除。

59式反步兵地雷

60年代，中国武器专家在抗美援越战场上将缴获的美制M18A1反步兵定向地雷带回国，由此也开始了对定向地雷的仿制。国产66式反步兵定向地雷就是以M18A1为基础仿制的，其结构、威力均大同小异。该雷外型是一个略呈弧形的塑料盒子，长216毫米，高86毫米，厚35毫米，总质量1.6千克。雷壳上方中心部分是瞄准孔，在瞄准孔两侧各有一个雷管室，并配有相应的雷管室塞。雷体正面装700枚总重650克的钢珠，背面则装填了680克重的塑—4塑性炸药。该雷布设前必须先将其雷体下方的脚架打开固定住，然后将其正面（表面印有“此面相敌”字样）对准敌人来袭的方向,通过瞄准孔瞄准50米左右距离上与人体高度相当的参照物作为瞄准点，最后装上引信即可。该雷可使用拉发、绊发、压发引信，也可使用电发火装置引爆。而且我国兵工部门还为其研制了一种独特的延期引信，这个延期引信的独特之处在于不需要电源，直接将普通雷管装入地雷的雷管室，然后拧上延期引信，使用前拔掉保险销，将引信外套筒转动90°，引信即发火，延时5~8秒后起爆。该雷引爆后产生的700枚破片呈60-120度角扇面打向正前方，可有效杀伤距离为50-100米内的敌人和无防护的车辆，如将数枚地雷并联使用，其杀伤范围则更大也更有效。66式反步兵定向地雷曾经在我国南疆的那场自卫反击中大量使用，深受广大参战官兵的喜爱。

66式反步兵定向地雷

自行设计阶段

在58式、59式、66式反步兵地雷定型的同时，新中国兵工行业也开始摸索着自行设计新型地雷。在克服三年自然灾害和“大跃进”带来的负面影响，终于在1969年研制出新中国第一种完全自主设计的现代地雷---------69式反步兵跳雷。69式反步兵跳雷不同于以往的地雷，它属于跳雷，顾名思义，也就是跳起来爆炸的地雷。这种地雷也是当时发达国家普遍装备的新型地雷，其威力大、杀伤范围广，几乎没有杀伤破片覆盖不到的死角，也标志着新中国在武器设计领域的巨大进步。

69式反步兵跳雷

局限于当时我国的生产工艺，69式反步兵跳雷结构上较美式和苏式跳雷要简单得多，但成本也相对较低。跳雷的动作原理其实很简单，就是通过抛射药包将抛射筒中的雷体抛到空中后爆炸，以爆炸后产生的大量破片杀伤敌人的有生目标。69式反步兵跳雷主要由引信、抛射药、抛射筒、雷体、传火管、延期药、雷管和炸药等几个部分组成。该雷采用压、绊两用引信，既可以直接用绊线布置成绊发，也可以通过使用压板等装置设置成压发，较为灵活方便。当敌人踩踏或者触及绊线时，引信触发击发火帽，产生的火焰通过传火管点燃抛射筒底部的抛射药包。抛射药包产生的火药燃气将整个弹体垂直向上弹起，脱离抛射筒，同时，延期药也被点燃。当雷体被抛射到距地面0.5~2米的高度时，延期药点燃雷管，地雷被引爆，所形成的杀伤破片会覆盖半径11米内所有角落。

 69式反步兵跳雷结构详解

69式反步兵跳雷包装箱

但69式反步兵跳雷也存在着先天不足，首先是其引信安全性不够好，平时引信、雷管、雷体必须分开保存，安装时也较为复杂。再加上其铸铁弹体没有采用预制破片设计，所产生的杀伤破片数量较少且不均匀，与国外生产的跳雷相比较为落后。基于69式反步兵跳雷的上述缺陷，中国兵工部门在历经三年的努力后，终于也设计出与发达国家相当的新型地雷------72式反步兵跳雷。

72式反步兵跳雷教练雷

72式反步兵跳雷吸收了当时国外先进地雷的设计经验，把预置破片技术运用到其中，使其威力大大增加。72式跳雷采用了中国独创的塑料雷壳包裹杀伤钢珠设计,使其杀伤破片达到了惊人的650枚，地雷引爆后在其14米的杀伤半径内完全没有死角。同时针对69式地雷引信可靠性不佳的问题，设计了新型的可溶解式保险机构。该保险机构的精妙之处在于，地雷布设后需要经过一段时间才能进入战斗状态，从而保证了布雷者的安全，避免意外发火导致己方人员伤亡。该引信的工作原理是：保险片贯穿滑块和击针尾部。平时击针簧处于压缩状态。击针尾部凹槽插有控制夹，控制夹又被随转管窄孔限制，使其不能离开击针凹槽，击针不能下降。将引信旋在火帽上并拧动螺帽，挤碎溶剂瓶，经一定时间，溶剂将保险片溶解，地雷便进入战斗状态。当随转管上受到一定的压力时，随转管下降，压缩压簧，当随转管宽孔下降到控制夹位置时，控制夹张开(设成绊发时，当控制夹受到一定拉力时被拉出)，击针解脱，在击针簧力的作用下击发火帽，火焰经传火管点燃抛射药包，雷体被抛出，同时点燃延期药，当抛至一定高度时，延期药引爆雷管，雷体爆炸。保险片的溶解时间取决于环境温度的高低，温度越低，保险片的溶解时间时间越长，反之则越短。

72式反步兵跳雷起爆示意图

 同年还设计定型了另外一种地雷，也称为72式反步兵地雷，但这种地雷是压发的小型地雷，也是新中国研制的第一种低可探测型地雷。为什么称之为低可探测型地雷？原因很简单：该雷除击针和弹簧等少数部件为金属件为，绝大多数零件均为塑料制成，极低的金属含量使得探雷器极难发现它的存在。加之其体积很小、重量轻（直径79毫米，高度35毫米，战斗全重仅为125克），换成其他的探测手段也不易被发现和排除。该雷最为独特的地方在于其采用了整体式引信，即将引信整合到雷体之中，无需在布设前再安装引信。此设计大大简化了结构，也方便战时快速布设。以往地雷采用的击针簧多为圆柱型击针簧，但72式反步兵地雷却别出心裁采用了片状击针簧片，也就是一片向上弯曲的钢片。此举的目的是在保证击发能量的同时，尽量的压缩击针簧的纵向尺寸，使该雷的高度仅有35毫米。当地雷压盖被敌人踩踏时，压盖下降，并迫使击针簧片向下翻转，并带动击针簧片中心镶嵌的击针打击起爆管，使地雷引爆。72式反步兵地雷的布设也极为简单：首先将起爆管从地雷底部旋入地雷，起爆管内包含火帽、雷管和扩爆药柱，起爆管通过地雷中心一个贯穿孔与引信相连。然后将地雷放入雷坑或直接置于地雷并加以伪装，最后将其保险销拔出。地雷的压盖在弹簧的扭力作用下旋转，使压盖上的凸起与保险圈上的限制凸台错开，地雷即进入战斗状态，一旦受压便会爆炸。72式反步兵地雷设计的目的不是杀人，而是让敌人致伤、致残，让伤员成为敌人的负累。一个伤员至少要两个人抬着，只要致伤的敌人达到一定数量，该部队的战斗能力基本上已经被瘫痪了。72式反步兵地雷后来又衍生出A\B等型号，这些型号采用了更为先进的电子引信和定时自毁功能，也使中国的地雷一举跃入了先进国家的行列。

72式反步兵地雷

72A式反步兵地雷

72B式反步兵地雷

  Step by step Cry ---- New China anti-personnel mines

Mine as the world's one of the oldest firearms have existed for centuries, since the Song Dynasty in China since the invention of mine, mine has been in countless times of war set off illustrious military exploits. Anti-Japanese War, army bases I also use mine a lot of anti-Japanese invaders, and mine warfare emerged a large number of legendary heroes and stories of people's revolutionary struggle in a glorious page in history. My 60 was shot in the movie "mine warfare" is a history based on real people and events arranged. But then mine are mostly designed and manufactured by the militia base, there is no standardization and its killing effects, reliability is not satisfactory. After the founding of New China, the efforts of the people INDUSTRY, mines that the old weapons again youthful.

Founding of New China, the people almost all of its weapons from the hands of captured enemy weapons of all kinds of no-name, known as "making the nations." In the previous battle, the people's army is relying on such weapons and to fight the enemy armed to the teeth, which has become the new workers in the hearts of Chinese soldiers nightmare. To keep history from repeating itself, the new China Ordnance Department in the most primitive conditions began designing and manufacturing new weapons of their own tasks. Anti-personnel mines as an indispensable weapon of modern warfare has also become a focus of the project. Limited to conditions at the time, the new department of China's Ordnance and designed only to imitate the way to walking on two legs, arms and equipment to speed up the modernization process.

 

Introduction of generic phase

1958, modeled on Soviet PMN mine-made imitation of the birth of 58-type anti-personnel mines, and formally listed equipment units. Made 58-type anti-personnel mines is also a more advanced then mine, its structure is simple, anti-good effect, difficult to be mine-detecting probe. Ray made for the pressure of the blast type anti-personnel mines, mainly in charge after the explosion produced high pressure gas target of anti-enemy give birth. As the charge in large quantities, but also both the destruction of the enemy wheeled transport vehicle tires function. The appearance of a cylinder, the whole weight of about 600 grams, 200 grams of TNT explosive contents. In addition to firing devices and detonators, the Ray shell, and most parts are Bakelite (commonly known as Bakelite) plastic material, low cost and easy to manufacture. At the same time due to extensive use of plastic components, the probability of the enemy mine detectors found greatly reduced.

 

 

58-type anti-personnel mines and prototype PMN mines

58-type anti-personnel mines mainly by the moisture skin, gland, Ray Shell, bar, firing mechanism, detonators, and several parts charge. Mine the body horizontal, vertical holes each through a lateral hole for the installation firing mechanism and detonators, vertical hole for the installation bar and bar spring, and the remaining charge of space have largely been filled. Gland of the moisture with a rubber shell on the skin wrapped in mine, to prevent moisture loss and further increase capacity, but also with a thin steel stamping into the hoop fixed on mine body. Bar's center also opened a run through the hole, hole center to process a Boss, boss of the role of the resist firing pin, to prevent their escape. In the layout, due to the role of spring strut, strut up withstood gland, firing pin bar also was stuck inside the boss can not escape. When the enemies trample mine, the gland will be passed to the pressure bar, drop bar, firing pin out of the restrictions Boss detonated detonator to explode mines. It is worth mentioning: 58-type anti-infantry ground lightning fat body has two insurance, great guarantee the safety of mines. Insurance for the first rigid insurance, the insurance policy sales. Insurance sold through the firing pin hole in the casing, the firing pin fixed housing, the pin is pulled in before the firing pin can not escape. The second insurance is made from a soft piece of metal made of buffer, the buffer chip firing pin through the tail of the wire ring. When users pull the pin in the firing pin spring under tension, firing pin moves forward at a time when the tail hit the steel ring and pin cushion slice cut gradually over time after its cut mines before entering battle state. For safety reasons, the mine transportation, storage and the mine when the detonators are kept separate, use only the detonator before the body into mine. The pin is pulled out before the need to check whether the soft metal cushion piece is damaged, if it has damaged must be replaced before use the buffer chip.

 

58-type anti-infantry ground lightning fat body

 

58-type anti-personnel mines structure Xiangjie

 

58-type anti-infantry ground lightning pin state is limited Boss

 

58-type anti-infantry ground lightning needle free status

The Type 59 anti-personnel mines is a structure simpler mines, to imitate the Soviet-style POMZ-2 anti-infantry mines, made a trip fragmentation mines, mainly resulting from the detonation of fragmentation of their remaining enemy target. The mine looks exactly like the wooden handle a large hand grenade, only six major components: fuses, caps, detonators, charge, Ray Shell and fixed pile. Mine body is made of cast iron and cast a trench in the surface, groove role is to ensure detonated mines resulting from more effective anti-fragment. Body below the mine were to open a run through the hole, the top hole small, for the installation fuses; and below the hole larger, mainly used for loading explosives and pile into fixed. The mine was 2000 g full heavy fighting, the body filled with 75 grams of TNT mine detonated can produce about 200 anti-personnel fragmentation, destruction radius of 7.5 meters. Type 59 anti-infantry land Reb set is simple: to mine beneath the fixed pile into the soil, fitted with fuses and trip online with one end tied to the fire plug in the drawing, the other end tied to a post or other fixed trip things, the last pull the pin to enter a state of war. If the ground is too hard, not to pile into fixed, can also be used rope or wire to fix mine body stumps, rocks and other fixture. When the enemy trip over the trip line, the fuse firing pin release, down against detonators detonated mines, fragmentation was 360 degrees around the dispersal to. The mine has the advantage of simple structure, not only for wartime munitions factory mass production, can also be made in small workshops, and the scope of anti-58-type anti-personnel mines over large. But its shortcomings are evident: first, metal parts of the mine more easily find the enemy's mine detectors; Secondly, when the mine located in the Reb body must be exposed on the ground, if not disguised, easy to find the enemy and exclusion.

 

Type 59 anti-personnel mines

60 years, the Chinese weapons experts in the field will be captured Vietnam War against the United States American M18A1 anti-infantry mines back home orientation, thus began the imitation of directional mine. China-made Type 66 anti-infantry mines is targeted to M18A1-based imitation, its structure, might have much the same. The mine is a slightly curved shape of the plastic box, length 216 mm, high 86 mm, thickness 35 mm, total mass 1.6 kg. Ray Shell is aiming at the top center of hole, hole in the target chamber on each side of a detonator and detonator chamber with the corresponding plug. Front loaded mine body weight of 700 650 grams of steel ball, the back filled with 680 grams of plastic explosives, plastic -4. Mines were laid before the set must first open a mine beneath the tripod securely, and then positive (surface printed with "face this enemy," the word) the direction of targeting enemy comes through target hole aimed at a distance of 50 meters equivalent to human height as a target reference point, and finally fuse can be installed. The mine can use the pull hair, tripping hair, pressure fuses, also make electric ignition device detonated. But also for China's Ordnance Department developed a unique delay fuse, delay fuse that is unique in that do not need the power, directly into mine detonator detonators ordinary room, and then screw on the delay fuse, unplug before use Insurance sales, will fuse the outer sleeve rotate 90 °, the ignition fuse, 5 to 8 seconds delay initiation. After the detonation of the mine produced 700 fragments showed a 60-120 degree angle in front of the fan-like play to be effective anti-distance of 50-100 meters of the enemy and unprotected vehicles, such as the number of mines will be used in parallel, while the scope of its anti- larger and more effective. Type 66 anti-infantry mines had directed the southern border of that field in our self-defense in heavy use by the majority of officers and men love war.

 

Type 66 anti-infantry mines orientation

Design stage itself

In the 58 type, 59 type, 66 type anti-personnel mines, while setting the new China has also begun to explore the Ordnance industry to design new types of mines. In overcoming the three years of natural disasters and "Great Leap Forward," the negative impact, and finally developed in 1969 a completely new self-designed China's first modern mine --------- Type 69 anti-infantry mine jump. Type 69 anti-infantry mines jump mine is different from the past, it belongs to jump Ray, the name implies, is jump up explosive mines. This mine is also a general equipment was developed new types of mines, its powerful, anti-broad in scope, almost no coverage of anti-fragment less than the dead, also marks the design of new China in the field of arms great progress.

 

Type 69 anti-infantry mine jump

Limited to the production process in China at that time, 69-type structure of anti-infantry mine jump over American and Soviet-style jump mine is much simpler, but the cost is relatively low. Jump mine action principle is very simple, that is, the projectile through the barrel projectile cartridge body thrown into the air in the mine after the explosion to explosion generated a lot of fragmentation of their remaining enemy targets. Type 69 anti-infantry mine jump mainly fuze, projectile drugs, projectile cylinder, mine body, Igniter, extension agents, detonators and explosives, and several other components. The mine uses pressure, dual-fuse trip, either directly arranged with the trip wire trip-fat, can also be set using the pressure plate devices such as hair, more flexible and convenient. When the enemy hit a tripwire stampede or when the trigger hit ignition fuse cap, the flames ignited by Igniter tube at the bottom of the projectile propellant kits. Powder produced by gas projectile cartridge will bounce straight up the missile, from the ejection tube, while Delay was lit. When Ray was projectile body from the ground to 0.5 to 2 meters high, the delay composition ignited detonators, mines were detonated, killing fragments formed will cover all the corner radius of 11 meters.

 

 Type 69 anti-infantry mine structure Xiangjie jump

69 box-type anti-infantry mine jump

But the 69-type anti-infantry mine there are inherent jumping, the first of its fuze safety is not good enough, usually fuses, detonators, Ray body must be kept separate, more complicated when installed. Coupled with its cast iron projectile fragments without the use of precast design, the resulting small number of anti-personnel fragmentation and uneven, with foreign production jumped more than mine behind. Jump based on Type 69 anti-infantry mines these shortcomings, the Chinese Ordnance Department in the three years of effort, finally also designed and developed quite a new-type anti-infantry mines ------ 72 jump mine.

 

72-type anti-infantry jump coach Ray Ray

72-type anti-infantry mine jump was absorbed advanced experience in mine design, to pre-fragmentation technology applied to them, it might greatly increased. 72 Ray-style dance with the Chinese original package of anti-shell plastic ball designed mine so that anti-fragment to a staggering 650, mines detonated 14 meters after the destruction of its radius is not completely dead. While for 69 type mine fuze problem of poor reliability, design a new type of soluble type of insurance agencies. The subtleties of the insurance sector is set to Reb need to take time after the combat, thus ensuring the safety of mines to prevent accidental ignition caused casualties. The Fuze works is: fuse through the slider and the firing pin tail. Normal firing pin spring is compressed. Firing pin tail groove clip inserted control, control switch control clip has been with the narrow hole limit, so that it can not leave the needle hit the groove, firing pin can not fall. Will spin in the fire fuse cap and twist the nut, squeeze bottles broken solvent, by a certain time, the insurance is dissolved in solvent, mine will be in combat. As with the transfer tube by a certain pressure, with the transfer pipe down, compressed compression spring, when the transfer pipe with holes down to control the width of the folder location, open the folder control (set to trip when issued, subject to certain folders when the control tension when pulled out), firing pin release, the firing pin spring force firing cap under attack, the flame lit by the mass ejections of fire-tube kits, mine are thrown out, while light extension agents, when the throw to a certain height, the extension drug detonators, mine from exploding. Insurance tablet dissolution time depends on the level of ambient temperature, the lower the temperature, the insurance piece of the dissolution time longer, otherwise the shorter.

 

72-type anti-infantry mine detonation jump diagram

 In the same year was also shaped the design of another mine, also known as 72-type anti-personnel mines, but mine is made of small pressure mines, development of new China is the first low-detectable mines. Why call it low to detect mines? The reason is simple: the firing pin and spring than mine and a few other parts for the metal parts for the vast majority of parts are made of plastic, low metal content makes the mine detector is extremely difficult to discover its existence. Combined with its small size, light weight (diameter 79 mm, height 35 mm, fighting the whole weight of only 125 grams), and replaced with other detection methods are not easily found and excluded. The mine's most unique place in its use of the integral fuze, will fuse into mine body without needing to re-install the fuse in the layout before. This design greatly simplifies the structure and also facilitate rapid laid during the war. Mines used in the past, firing pin spring mostly cylindrical firing pin spring, but the 72-type anti-personnel mines have ingenuity and firing pin spring with a sheet, which is an upward bending of the steel. The aim is to ensure the firing of energy as far as possible in the compressed firing pin spring in the vertical dimension, so that the height of the mine is only 35 mm. Trampled by the enemy of local mine gland, the gland decreased, and turned downward force firing pin spring and firing pin spring driven firing pin mounted against center detonators, detonation of landmines. 72-type anti-infantry mines laid is also very simple: the first detonator from the mine at the bottom of screw mine, detonators contains caps, detonators and explosive expansion of grain, detonators through the center of a mine fuse through the hole and connected. And then mine into the mine pit or directly placed in mines and to disguise, and finally to pull the pin. Mines gland in the spring under the action of rotary torque, so that the protruding gland ring and insurance restrictions on the Boss staggered, mine is a state of combat, once the pressure will explode. 72-type anti-personnel mines is designed to not kill, but to let the enemy wounded, maimed, so that the enemy wounded as a burden. 1 wounded at least two people carried, as long as the enemy of injury reach a certain number, the unit's combat capability has been largely paralyzed. 72-type anti-personnel mines and later derived from A \ B and other models, these models use a more advanced functions of electronic fuses and timing self-destruction, but also to China's mines in one fell swoop leap into the ranks of advanced countries.

 

72-type anti-personnel mines

 

72A-type anti-personnel mines

 

72B-type anti-personnel mines

China 50 tactical missiles can paralyze a U.S. military base
Core Tip: U.S. intelligence Courand company entitled "China space action combat power potential impact on the U.S. Air Force," the assessment report said that China uses 30-50 tactical missiles can completely paralyze a U.S. Air Force base, located in Japan and South Korea's six U.S. airports are under threat. Through the development of air-launched cruise missiles, China can extend the threat to Guam.

 

Data Figure: Anderson Air Force Base in Guam

 

Data for: the spread of the Internet is considered China's anti-runway munitions testing facilities, satellite images

 

Information Map: National Day military parade in 60 years, the Chinese DF-15B demonstrate tactical ballistic missiles.

Global Times - World Wide Web on May 25 the company reported that 20 U.S. intelligence Courand entitled "China's air and space combat capability of the potential impact of the U.S. Air Force operations," the report said as China's growing economic strength, its For the same pace of military modernization, sustainable development, for U.S. policymakers, the U.S. military capability on the periodic assessment of balance is particularly important. Although the United States and the possibility of armed conflict between the two countries is small, but once they conflict is there may be a devastating impact on both Zaocheng; Er Ju, force status, deterrence and stability of Deng important cause of the United States to China for the Yingduisheji fully prepared for emergencies. Conflict in the Taiwan Strait has been of concern, but it is not able to bring the two countries involved in military operations in the United States and the only way. For example, the South China Sea and East China Sea territorial disputes are likely to become a future source of conflict, but also in South and Southeast Asian countries, other issues may also lead to clashes. As countries competing to claim sovereignty, the situation may become even more complicated than the situation in Taiwan.

Rand said the 30-50 pieces of Chinese tactical ballistic missile defense to a breach of U.S. military bases

U.S. Department of Defense in 2009 "China Military Power Report," pointed out that China is also a number of ways to modernize its military capabilities. For the U.S. military, the Chinese short-range three aspects of modernization are most likely to form the United States and its long tradition of power projection type of action dependent on the potential impact. These three aspects are based on the U.S. threat of anti-intervention, the most advanced air missile defense, and precision-ground and air to air capability of the fourth generation of the Air Force.

Report that the military must buy equipment after its effective testing, continuous and real-time training, support in times of peace, war and effective maintenance, and with the goal of information gathering, command and control units in close contact. This long-range operations that must be carried out, and the need for cooperation with other services is especially critical for the army. As the Taiwan Strait in this combat environment, the Chinese military may be in the small number of branches within the same battle, and this is confusion, uncertainty and creates opportunities to kill each other. However, China seems to have recognized that some of these issues, and efforts to eliminate these problems. 2009 China Military Power Report said China's military stepped up the attack, electronic warfare, carrier-based aircraft and ground forces training. The report also discusses China's inter-military joint operations exercises and exercises for a particular opponent.除 these efforts, China has also invested heavily in the development of ballistic missile system, the system itself does not Xuyao "Xietong combat Neng Li", Erju even in the implementation of pre-set Jihuayiji lack of communication with the parent's circumstances Xia Ye can play an effective role.

In the past few years, many authors stressed that China is through the acquisition of tactical ballistic missile (TBM) and land-based cruise missile (GLCM) involved in manufacturing anti-threat. And these two missile systems may soon be air-launched cruise missiles and (ALCM) and precision-ground attack capability with the Air Force combined. Military Report 2009 lists the U.S. Air Force set up in the region of 6 major bases, these bases is responsible for dealing with non-nuclear threats. Which, in Korea (with China, the distance between the nearest point 400 km) Osan and Kunsan Air Force Base may face China 480 land-based tactical ballistic missiles and 350 cruise missiles; in Kadena, Japan (from China 650 km), Misawa (850 km away from China) and Yokota (1100 km away from China) and U.S. Air Force base in the face of 80 land-based tactical ballistic missiles and 350 cruise missiles; and Anderson Air Force Base in Guam (from China 3,000 km) has not yet threatened. However, the current seems to have been indications that China may be long-range cruise missiles installed on the H-6 bombers, so to be able to reach the Anderson air-based cruise missile base; and China is clearly already have manufacturing Anderson can be reached by conventional ballistic missiles (if China chose to develop the missile) technology required. In addition, the report also pointed out that China's military power, the Beijing government may also develop anti-ship ballistic missile, which can be used to threaten U.S. aircraft carriers.

At present, the Rand Corporation has a variety of tactical ballistic missiles and cruise missiles in China to the United States Air Force base in targeted attacks have been studied - the United States Air Force base to each tactical ballistic missiles fired 30-50 seems to be sufficient to penetrate and destroy bases defense, and the use of sub-munitions to destroy all the open-air parking space, thus undermining the stop where the planes and runways, so planes can take off or landing. If every U.S. Air Force base to launch tactical ballistic missiles, while another 30-50 cruise missiles fired, then they will make it more difficult air defense base, may also damage or destroy a fighter squadron of the major aircraft bunkers. Moreover, these missiles could also hurt the U.S. Air Force base in other important systems such as fuel storage, handling or maintenance of facilities and equipment. In the event of such an attack, U.S. forces will not not fight the burning aircraft wreckage and clearing unexploded ordnance explosion covered the airport, filled crater on the runway was bombed out, and replacement of aircraft and auxiliary equipment to complete the work Air Force Base is possible to resume normal operation.

Comparison of the number of missiles required for base closure and China will find the current number of deployed missiles, the United States clearly could face a long period of time located near the base of its normal operation can not be the case. Moreover, the analysis of the Rand Corporation report estimates (conservatively estimated that in the case of production of tactical ballistic missiles), said at least one week, the U.S. Kadena Air Base is located in the aircraft can not move, and such as tankers, bombers and intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance aircraft and other heavy aircraft (those aircraft need longer runways, so the need for more runway crater repair) can not move the time will be longer. In addition, some of these missiles in the short term may be used to close the large U.S. military base, and hundreds of land-based cruise missiles can also be used to perform this task.

However, these anti-intervention and sometimes because of too much concern or would have a negative impact on China, but not be considered. The argument is that attacks on U.S. bases in South Korea or Japan attack means may be completely so that the volume came in two countries, which do not help China achieve its regional goals. Similarly, attacks on U.S. territory belonging to Anderson Air Force Base may force the United States a comprehensive response to this, and the build-up than expected strength in the conflict for the United States and more troops to fight against the Beijing government. However, although this argument has its own value, but look for several reasons, this view should not dominate the U.S. plan. First, given the U.S. military does not match, China will not allow the United States at a U.S. base near Taiwan freely and achieve U.S. objectives. As the attack base seems to be a prerequisite for victory, but China seems to have recognized this, so U.S. military planners should take into account China may be the possibility of attacks on these bases. Second, Chinese military doctrine and equipment procurement, apparently in order to not only attack targets in Taiwan, and can hit targets beyond the battlefield as a guide. If China believes that the attacks on U.S. military bases in Japan and other regions, will not bring benefits to the Beijing government, then China might not think that they need for their bombers with conventional CSS-5 tactical ballistic missiles, cruise missiles and air far Cheng Luji based cruise missiles. And, if not benefit, the Chinese attack would not have invested heavily in developing the capacity of these can not be close to the base. Finally, even if the U.S. view that China will not attack these bases in the Asia Pacific region, but any small base facing the threat of U.S. military planners may also make changes in the use of the site.

China is often to "regional blockade" in the name of the battle will be upgraded with ballistic missiles and aircraft assembly to occupy the battlefield easily pose a threat to U.S. military action to the location. Indeed, the military report in 2009 stressed that, with modern combat aircraft defense missile and the introduction of the air defense of China's territory is increasingly saturated. May occur in mainland China - a conflict over Taiwan, this area is a key element of blockade is threatened not only in China's airspace, but also extends to the Taiwan Strait, as far Chenglu Ji and carrier-based surface- (SAM) and the emergence of fourth-generation air to air fighter, will be under threat over Taiwan. China 200 km range anti-aircraft missiles S-300PMU2 can cover 50 km in Taiwan. In the middle of the Strait with SA-N-20 surface to air missile (SAM) of the "Island Tour"-class missile destroyers might attack Taiwan, most of the aerial targets. The fighters, the Chinese mainland within 600 km around the Taipei established about 15 Air Force bases, (Taipei, there are around 1,000 km in 40 Chinese Air Force Base), and China will soon be deployed in the Taiwan conflict, 500-1000 fighter planes, of which 20% -30%, the fourth-generation fighters equipped with modern capabilities - such as equipped with precision-ground weapons. In the next 5 to 10 years, with the increase in productivity, the ratio can easily exceed 50%.

Rand said the fight involved a serious threat to China's anti-American fighters take off vehicles

Although the Air Force trained, equipped with fourth-generation fighters and modern anti-aircraft missiles, but China is developing an integrated capability will pose great challenges. For example, in an isolated area, a modern anti-aircraft missiles deployed in good position can not constitute a major threat to the United States, but if the range between two or three between the deployment of the missiles, but also one or more pieces of non-deployment of missiles , together with the aircraft hovering in the sky, then the effect is very different. Similarly, with active radar guided missiles and effective electronic warfare platform, and then supplemented by the air command and control aircraft and long-range surface-time, four Su -27 fighter able to pose with a large U.S. Air Force when the threat. If there are 42 instead of 4 "Flanker" fighters, and the U.S. command and control aircraft to ensure their own safety was forced to leave the area, then the United States will face more complex challenges. Because this type of defensive cover most of China's territory, U.S. military options had been considerably curtailed. If China is able to extend this capability to Taiwan, which made the United States to defend Taiwan's ability will be limited.

When the United States in response to unexpected events, the conflict quickly to deploy near the base and a large number of fighter aircraft. At a distance of more distant places, it will deploy a small bomber, tanker and intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) aircraft. Quantitative terms, the United States far more than any enemy fighters. These opportunities for quick access to friendly territory war on empty distinctions, thus making intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance aircraft and tanker as much as possible close to the enemy. U.S. Air Sea overwhelming military superiority in aerial combat, and the successful suppression of enemy air defense forces, the U.S. air superiority will be extended to enemy territory, so that fighters and bombers to targets on the ground around the clock or on the ground and air forces launched surprise attacks .

However, the Chinese air missiles, air to air and air-planes and anti-missile capabilities involved, if accompanied by appropriate training and support, would constitute a paradigm of this air chain challenges. U.S. bases in the region selected with the Chinese base mismatch between the combat capability is the root of the problem. If the aircraft carriers near Taiwan, or in the air force base in Japan and Korea, the PLA will face attack by carrier aircraft took off vehicles led to significant restrictions are, or, from a political point of view, the PLA threat to the United States can not make use of these base. In this way, such as Guam and equidistant from the base further action has become the only option left. Moreover, as noted above, the PLA on the distance and the threat of U.S. military bases are increasing, especially as aerial tanker, bomber, and ISR aircraft still needs a long runway to take off in terms of large aircraft. Once the Guam base in case of attack, aircraft take-off movements restricted, or simply can not take off, then the United States can only rely on very few (if any) land-based aircraft chosen.

Anti-aircraft involved in the threat posed a threat to take off vehicles will result in a number of secondary effects. For example, the initial operation, one of the tasks may be the U.S. Air Force to maintain air superiority. U.S. warplanes and China over the past number of comparable, performance is also more than a Chinese fighter. However, in the near future, if the U.S. base attacked, then there may be a Chinese fighter sorties over the United States, and China accounted for U.S. warplanes began to close most of the four generations of machine capacity. Moreover, the surface-threatening situation will deteriorate further - air missile launched from mainland China could reach near Taiwan, and ship-based air defense forces will be such a threat and can go further forward. In order to avoid surface-to-four generations of non-stealth aircraft was forced to stay in Taiwan or back, or in low-altitude operations, which will further make it an inferior position in the air. Although the United States is modernizing its fighter fleet, to maintain its performance advantage, but the F-22 fighters and F-35 fighters out delay loading, means that this gap can not be offset in the near future.

U.S. military aircraft sorties deficiencies, but also make it difficult to carry out attacks or to protect the bombers to support air combat, ISR aircraft and aerial refueling. Given China's short-range ballistic missile attack aircraft and is the key threat facing the United States, the U.S. military action should therefore attach great importance to find and kill, such as air base, air defense and ballistic missile launchers facilities. Although the ship-launched and submarine-launched cruise missiles can play an important role, but the U.S. military used the number and types of missiles is not enough to significantly reduce China's attack. Attack heavily defended targets usually requires a large number of aircraft accessory equipment, and to provide a target, break and suppress each other's air and adequate weapons and other necessary support. When faced with re-deployment and mutual protection of China's modern anti-aircraft missiles and combat aircraft of the time, the situation is so particular. Attack moving targets need to target areas to stay a long time, and can survive in the target areas ISR aircraft. Even the use of cruise missiles at a fixed target - usually by a bomber attack from the horizon - the need for fighter protection from such long-range interceptor Su -27 threat (although this will reduce demand for long-range weapons) . Hardened underground targets need to carry weapons at close range attack bomber. If the base far from the battlefield, or damage due to attack, it is difficult to organize attacks on U.S. troops and support aircraft and aerial refueling operations is difficult, hard to maintain operations.

However, compared with the actual results, perhaps with conventional air operations in China threat to contest the nature of instability may be more worrisome. The United States anywhere in the world the typical response to the deteriorating situation in the deployment of troops to the theater, especially the sea-based and land-based air power, deterrence, to deter and, if necessary stress opponents. Because air forces are deployed in a theater near, so the strategy can play the advantages of the U.S. military. If the U.S. can deploy forces near a base in China, then this also applies to the Asia Pacific region. Therefore, the Chinese may think that their only hope is to win the U.S. before they deploy to the theater attack. The effectiveness of U.S. air power, coupled with weakness in the Asia Pacific region, as China has created a dynamic attack.
 

Pacific War and the Band of Brothers

Back in the "Pacific" before its launch, users will be it 10 years ago is a classic of the same war drama "Band of Brothers," a par, but the whole drama drew to a close, it was discovered that the "Band of Brothers" difference great. The contrast between expectations and reality in under the network is a popular "Pacific" interpretation of the wind, the mainstream media view is that "the Pacific" inferior "Band of Brothers." But the author seems to use "Band of Brothers" standard measure "Pacific" quite biased because on the Pacific battlefield and the European battlefield, Marines and paratroopers there are too many differences between.

 

    Brothers in Arms E in connection with combat experience to the main line, the plot around the main line and expand, so viewers can find a deep sense of fellow feeling and team spirit. Many people watched several episodes in the "Pacific", the all complained that can not find the main line, remember protagonist, like "Band of Brothers" on to the company commander down to the ordinary soldiers, all vividly to mind the image of a deep, also could not find a team feeling, which I am afraid, and the two play the original material. "Band of Brothers" to the 101st Airborne Division 506 of the combat experience group E with the main line, almost all characters are included in the E even within this team, even though each episode tells the story of different characters, different combat operations, will not from E with the area virtually to the audience into a kind of sense.

    In contrast, "the Pacific" is a prototype two main characters - Robert • Leckie, Eugene • Sledge's war memoirs, and Marine Corps war hero John • Basi Long modeled, which three belong to three different The company, though one came from Marine divisions, but through different, Leckie and Sledge in the Pa-volt volt side of the island there are the rim of the Basi Long until the dead and the other two main characters are not formally met . "Pacific" episode in a different conversion or interspersed between the main characters, loosely bound to the audience, the main line clear sense, in fact, the role of the individual, it gives the impression of the three main characters is very deep, especially in Sri Lanka ledge, a recruit from the egg to a child good at killing themselves veterans of the Japanese devils sharper, changes are distinctive.
 
 

    "Too" much of the text of the play had some drama to the audience "very great time." "Band of Brothers" In addition to the first episode tells the E train with the situation in the rear, the other series did not leave the front line, focusing on E with the combat operations, each episode a little more or less static, with strong sense of the battlefield. In sharp contrast, the "Pacific" reflects a lot of Marines in the rear of the activities, 10 focused on two sets actually complete rest and post-war demobilization after the party theme, focus, there are many other hundreds of similar content, such as Basi Long war bonds in the domestic market as well as Marines in the island of Pago V V rest, and even appeared in Opera, all to look forward to intense war scenes are extremely dissatisfied with the audience, the text plays too much into the "Pacific" under the most attack place.

    In my opinion, this is not a flaw, after all this drama not only to meet the sensory stimulation, but a work of historical biography in nature, should be more fully demonstrate the broad vision of war, through the rear Contrast the more moderate line of hard and cruel.
 
 

    "Band of Brothers" in the E German artillery positions with tactical offensive action is successful, then the U.S. military tactics have also been incorporated into the material. "Too" tactical aspects of opera performance in the very general. "Band of Brothers" to be respected by many military fans, one very important reason is the U.S. ban the use of row-level tactics in place to do a great manifestation, such as the second focus of the German artillery position of the raid, the third focus Village street fighting and the subsequent fighting on the performance of the Belgian winter, have made some interest on the tactics of the military fans hooked. However, read the "Pacific" battle scene, the biggest feeling is not clear, can not see. First, several previous night, focus on the outbreak of fighting in the jungle basically, except with muzzle flash, fire and flares of light to observe the battlefield situation, is basically a mess, do not know what position the U.S. military does not know where to run from the Japanese out, The Troops, front building and so difficult to discern.

    For the next few sets, fighting finally into daytime, but most of hiding to go on the Japanese, very few appearances, in most cases do not see rivals, fighting the Pacific war, a major feature of the infantry, this number also increased the "Pacific" to reflect the difficulty in tactics, but this does not mean that there is no tactical play of the battle at all, in some battle scenes or reflected, such as i. machine gun positions in the frequency of night shift Perry Battle of Okinawa Island on bunker fortifications to suppress, are reflected in the tactics of the marines, Another example is the rapid removal of light machine guns like to mention the small detail of note, but Tactical action is not a "Pacific" performance focus.
 
 

    Japanese suicide charge to reflect the game scene, in the Pacific war, this is indeed a marines most profound memory of the scene (above). The Pacific War the Japanese night attack tactics actually exercised the most successful infantry tactics (below). In the "Pacific", the best manifestation of the Japanese suicide charge is unthinking and the U.S. military teasing, murder scenes, especially the former, even accused by some people to belittle the Japanese too, and with some second-rate TV drama China, namely, also cited "Band of Brothers" in the U.S. several encounters with the Germans, claiming that positive recognition to the German army is also fighting against U.S. troops fighting from the side definitely.

    However, if you are fighting in the Pacific War the Japanese mode of understand, they will discover the "Pacific" to reflect the Japanese did not inappropriate, advocating the spirit of the Japanese victory in the war are indeed very interested in knives charge, This was the Allies as "Long live the EU" tactics seems extremely stupid, completely suicidal move, but the psychological shock caused by the U.S. military is huge. To the late war, the Japanese army concluded the fighting experience and begin relying concealed fortifications stubborn resistance, almost recalcitrant to death, the logic of war in the West is totally incomprehensible.

    In addition, the "Pacific" also on the Japanese is also reflected in the night infiltration tactics, which is the use of Japanese troops in the war of the most successful one infantry tactics. Small man, as large as the organized combat units, will use every opportunity to cross the front at night into the U.S. military that the security behind the implementation of the harassment, so that the enemy is always in high tension, can not rest, resulting in a decline in combat. "Pacific" in no way to play down the Japanese, contrary to the U.S. military has repeatedly demonstrated the importance of the Japanese and admiration, such as Basi Long as a recruit instructor lecture, very typical. In fact, the "Pacific" used a lot of camera performance Marines suffering experienced in combat, this is not is another aspect of the Japanese troops from the combat effectiveness of affirmative Why?
 
 

    Reflect the brutality of war and destruction of human nature is "too" The focus of shooting can be said that the play has done that. But relative to the audience go a little farther points. "Band of Brothers" as its name, its performance will focus on E with officers and soldiers on the battlefield between the esprit de corps that friendship, that in the "Pacific" is also reflected in, but not the key, then the "Pacific" most want to show what?

    I believe that drama has been given only the answer, enlisted in 尤金斯莱奇 before his father told him that the most terrible war is not a physical injury, the more serious is the destruction of the soul, the brutality of war and personal alienation in the character of the fighting is the "Pacific" really cares about the office. View through the "Pacific", you will find the war's role will occupy fear heavy weight, its performance is far better than "Band of Brothers" are much more strongly, in addition to a large number of painted harsh environment of the Pacific war, in many ways, here more difficult than the battlefields of Europe and dangerous, as stated before, shows life on the rear is actually a contrast of brutal combat, I believe that in this "Pacific" or has done quite well, the basic thrust of the play reached .
 

 

1 is: i. Welcome
Set 2: Prayer and adhere to
Episode 3: Heaven Melbourne
4 Set: Jungle Hell
5 Sets: Tarawa second
 
 
 

Set 6: heated Airport
7 Set: Scarlet Mountain
Episode 8: Basi Long dead
9 Sets: Okinawa and the Kamikaze
"Band of Brothers" PK "Pacific"
 

U.S. media said that China hopes to purchase the European A400M tactical transport aircraft
Core Tip: 24, the U.S. Defense News reported that the PLA is to develop long-range projection capability of its wish to purchase from the European defense company in the A400M transport aircraft.

 

Data Figure: European defense company's A400M transport aircraft

 

Information map: joint study of CMB's "Fierce Dragon" fighter jets, military manufacturers across Europe in order not to offend India, and unwilling to accept orders to upgrade Xiaolong

LONDON May 25 reported that 24 U.S. Defense News reported that the PLA is to develop long-range projection capability of its wish to purchase from the European defense company in the A400M transport aircraft.

A400M transport aircraft of the PLA hopes to enhance purchasing power projection

According to one European official said, the development of power projection is one of the primary task of the PLA, China can offer to any projective power industry projects are very interested in the project, whether the aircraft or naval projects, regardless of the United States, the United Kingdom or Europe projects. "

This year in March, the Beijing government sent the missile destroyer, DDG 168, and a Fleet Auxiliary supply ship marched the Gulf of Aden to protect merchant ships from China and other Somali coast pirates. This is from December 2008 onwards, marched the Gulf of Aden in the fifth branch Task Force.

May 10, deputy director of the Office of Naval Command, Colonel Xie Dongpei at a news conference, said the deployment of warships to the Gulf of Aden is the farthest place where ships can be described as the action is very significant training. Xiedong Pei also said the Chinese Navy hopes to work with the Navy in Europe and other countries and other regions in Somalia to cooperate. But European officials said that the Western forces who failed to learn from what the Chinese navy, and there is no incentive to teach them.

Ministry of National Defense Foreign Affairs Office of China Jia Xiaoning, deputy director general, said such a force projection mission will help the Chinese defend their economic interests in the maritime zone to protect the safety of foreign trade, promote economic development. Relative to the army as a pillar of national defense, China needs to increase expenditure on modernization of the Navy and Air Force.

Reported that the Chinese need to purchase the goods may be one of: an aircraft carrier. In this regard, Jia Xiaoning, said: "We are studying the possibilities and conditions to buy an aircraft carrier. Looking at the world, excluding China, the other major powers have aircraft carriers."

China may also be concerned about the long-range air transport. According to a European official said Beijing intended to develop new models replace the "Ilyushin II-176" (Ilyushin Il-176), but progress is still not clear. However, China is more interested in EADS (European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company) subsidiary Airbus A400M military transport aircraft developed by the company. "They are interested in on the A400M is normal, this is the case."

The EU arms embargo hindered the development of Chinese military equipment

Although unarmed civilian aircraft A400M be considered, but with military equipment and defense equipment. A French official in Paris said the A400M will be sold to China is a sensitive and complex political decisions that need to seek the various producing countries (mainly the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Spain and Turkey) agreed.

The U.S. and the EU also imposed an arms embargo on China. French President Nicolas Sarkozy called for lifting the ban, that China should be treated equally. But, for a European official said Sarkozy's efforts did not win the trust of China, since 2008, Sarkozy met the Dalai Lama, the Sino-French relations compared with the cold.

Spain currently holds the EU presidency called for ending the embargo, but did not win the political capital of China. European officials said the name, this is because Beijing understand the need to address this issue at European level. However, the British hoped to strengthen trans-Pacific relations with Washington, so the embargo against the end of the European Union, German Chancellor Angela Merkel to support the British position.

Jia Xiaoning pointed out that the ban prevented the development of Chinese military equipment. He said China and other countries try to import from the French technology, but by the EU and other aspects of the blockade; China is their strategic partner, they should not restrict the technology trade. He said China is currently a dialogue with other countries, but not in a hurry this.

In this regard, a European official said that by approving the "Civil and Political Rights International Covenant" and the increase military transparency, may help lift the trade embargo against Huajun.

U.S. officials do not want to leak to China of advanced defense technology, but they also need to ensure that building a strong and effective European arms control regime. For this concern, the French abandoned the sale of air to air missiles to Pakistan and the fire control system. For as Pakistan and China to upgrade their 50 jointly developed JF-17 "Lightning" fighter.

A French official in Paris said: "This project put on hold, because Pakistan is the world's a complicated area, the project will be China, India and Pakistan have different impacts." Firm Thales (Thales) company statement in Paris that France has refused to export JF-17 can be used for the RC400 fire control radar and other avionics.

India is on the upgrade, "Mirage" 2000H fleet issue of dialogue with the Thales company, and in 126 new aircraft project competition, India is also considering the Dassault "Rafale" Therefore, in view of India against the sale of JF- 17 upgrade kit, so "in French industry, whether or Thales company MBDA do not want to deal (upgrade JF-17)."

EU delegation, said the political Senator Alexander Maclachlan, even if the embargo on arms sales to the EU common position will be the new more rigorous, may have legal restrictions on the export of arms. The sanctions, China will undoubtedly be more painful, because China has always insisted on equal treatment; fact, the Chinese military affairs in the natural reference object is the United States. Beijing government is still on its 100 years of colonial history to heart (the Royal Navy in 1984, Captain Charles Elliot declared Hong Kong a British colony).

U.S. arms embargo led People's Liberation Army "Black Hawk" lack of spare parts

Chengdu Military Region of the Army Air Corps of the Li (voice) Captain, the U.S. embargo means that its helicopter fleet of about 10 "Black Hawk" transport can not get spare parts. Such helicopters from the USA, in 1984 the "Black Hawk" in the name in service.

When asked about the case in the absence of spare parts to maintain aircraft for 20 years when Lee replied that the arms embargo before the regiment has stock. He said, "These parts can be used indefinitely."

In fact, the PLA pilot year, about 60 hours flying time, about the French Army helicopter pilot, 40% of the total flying time. Li said that although the "Black Hawk" helicopter purchase cost is higher but with the helicopter and about 20 Russian-made Mi-171 helicopter than maintenance easier and less expensive, and it is also the take-off performance and operational better. Therefore, "the result is the same."

Li said the People's Liberation Army helicopters, the lack of modern large-scale load. In 2008, a total of 2,500 of the helicopter missions (approximately day 20), to help residents of Sichuan. "Black Hawk" helicopter has rescued six foreign tourists, after the government asked the U.S. government after the earthquake to provide parts, but did not receive any reply.
 

China exported 200 air police reached 145,000,000 U.S. dollars Price
Core Tip: U.S. Global Strategic Network May 23, said recently appeared on a Chinese blog site Chinese Air Force Boeing 737 photos, the aircraft was converted into reconnaissance aircraft. U.S. media said that China is on the transport -7 transport aircraft equipped with phased array radar, the modified transport -7 will be similar to the U.S. E-2 AWACS. However, China's large-scale production of reliable and effective aircraft in the field of radar is still facing many problems.

 

Data Figure: for export known as the "Wan eight plate" home-made early warning aircraft, Pakistan purchased a machine

 

Data Figure: under the Chinese Air Force Boeing 737-based machines to improve air command

 

Data Figure: The Seven Games-based early-warning aircraft carrier may be used for wind tunnel model

Global Times - World Wide Web on May 25 reported that the U.S. global strategic network of 23 May reported that China recently appeared a blog site photos of the Chinese Air Force Boeing 737 plane was converted into reconnaissance aircraft. In fact, more than a year, there had been speculation that China had modified the aircraft. U.S. media said that China is on its weighing about 21 tons, twin-engine's "Win -7" transport aircraft equipped with phased array radar, the radar and the larger "Air Police -200" used by AWACS radar similar. "Win -7" is the Russian "security -24" transport aircraft of the Chinese copy version. Converted "Win -7" airborne early warning and control aircraft will be similar to the U.S. 23 tons of E-2 Hawkeye early warning aircraft. However, China's large-scale production of reliable and effective aircraft in the field of radar is still facing many problems.

The article also said the U.S. media, China believes that the implementation of the Airborne Warning and Control / maritime reconnaissance mission, the 54 tons of propeller of the "Win -8" (in Russian "security -12" transport aircraft based), "Yun -7" and 157 t Il-76 jet aircraft are not reliable, and with the installation of twin-engine, 79 tons, compared to Boeing 737-800, the former maintenance costs are high. Since 1999, the Boeing 737-800 aircraft fitted out a year later, the Chinese have been using this aircraft.

Reported that four years ago, the first batch of equipment 4 "Il -76" early warning and control aircraft is not satisfactory, the aircraft is purchased from Russia, A-50 early warning aircraft, based on the installation of the Chinese air marshals -2000 Radar converted. This effect, China has converted a small home-made "Win -8" transport aircraft. Finally, China began to Boeing 737-800 aircraft converted into airborne early warning aircraft, so far, the Chinese may have installed three 737 series early warning aircraft. These early warning aircraft to better carry out its mandate. However, the outside world that the "Win -7" may become a member of China's future aircraft carrier battle groups. "Win -7" cheap, but also for the air force with more equipment to have the airborne early warning and control.

Reported two years ago, "Air Police -200" early warning aircraft deployed, the export version of the unit price of about 145 million U.S. dollars. Moreover, China also developed a home-made AWACS which phased array radar. "Empty police -200" based "transport -8" capable of carrying five crew members and about 12 tasks (ie, airborne early warning and control the implementation of the task) members. Every time sent, "Yun -8" all in the air about 7 hours. "Air Police -2,000" radar coverage of about 300 km, is believed to attack the computer system to a 5-10 fighter planes, and keep track of dozens of enemy targets.

Report concluded that, in fact, Western countries have carried out several times on 737 modified to make it a military aircraft radar. This includes the U.S. Navy's P-8A maritime reconnaissance aircraft

Indonesia hopes to introduce the production of Chinese C-802 anti-ship missile (Figure)
Core Tip: Indonesia last Friday to provide a number of Chinese-made weapons category of non-military products, led to great interest in the Chinese military. Indonesia also want China to ratify in their own domestic production of C-802 missiles to enhance the domestic factors in the proportion of national defense industry. In addition to providing uniforms and other items to China, the country also hopes to sell to China its latest SS-2 assault rifles.

 

Data Figure: Indonesian naval exercises in China's exports are being fired the C-802 anti-ship missiles.

,

Data Figure: Indonesia produced SS-2 assault rifle, carbine-type, Indonesia, China trying to sell.

Global Times - World Wide Web on May 25, according to Indonesia's Jakarta Post reported 22 reported that Indonesia last Friday to provide a number of Chinese-made weapons category of non-military products, led to great interest in the Chinese military. Indonesia also want China to ratify in their own domestic production of C-802 missiles, through the joint production of domestic factors to help Indonesia improve its ratio of military industry.

Reported on May 21, Indonesia to China to provide non-weapons classes of military materiel, and would consider buying Chinese-made missiles, in order to promote bilateral relations. Indonesian Defense Minister 布尔诺默尤 Yusgiantoro said at a news conference: "We provided China with own production of uniforms, belts, berets, boots and many other military products, and China is this very sense of interested. "

In addition, Purnomo also pointed out that, in addition to providing uniforms and other items to China, the country also hopes to sell to China its latest SS-2 assault rifles. In this regard, Purnomo said that the composition of the 250 million Chinese troops, is the world's largest force. He said: "This means that China is a big market potential, to promote the development of China's military equipment industry."

Purnomo noted that the return, the Indonesian government may consider for the Indonesian Navy to buy Chinese-made C-802 guided missiles. C-802 C-705 missile is an upgraded version - now the Indonesian Navy are still using C-705 missiles. Moreover, the Indonesian side also suggested that the hope that China agreed in Indonesia C-802 missiles domestically produced and co-produced through a joint approach to help Indonesia to increase its military industry in the domestic factors in the ratio.

Indonesia's Deputy Defense Minister 夏弗里沙姆 sudin also another occasion that China should put the proposal in Indonesia, as the implementation of "ASEAN - China free trade area agreement" a derivative of the outcome of the agreement, which has served China well. He said: "This meeting is to our common interests." "ASEAN - China free trade area agreement" drafted in 2002, formally implemented this year. Under the agreement, from China and 10 ASEAN member countries of goods without payment of import duties.

Moreover, Xiafu Li added that China has realized that maintaining regional stability in Indonesia plays an important role. He said that on this scheme, the two may be finalized in the near future and details of cooperation. Xiafu Li said: "The end of the year, we will hold this meeting." In addition, Xiafu Li said the two also discussed other projects, including military personnel exchanges, and joint military exercises in order to deal with terrorism and piracy problem.

University of Indonesia international relations expert 马克姆尔科 to special (MakmurKeliat) pointed out that the relationship between Indonesia and China will be improved. He told the "Jakarta Post" said: "Indonesia set to sell military support equipment, purchase of weapons-China cooperation program, should be seen as promoting bilateral relations to a good start."
 

Russia reported that fourth-generation fighter, or speculation that the Chinese J-10 modified
Core Tip: Russia's "view report" on May 21 delivered a speech entitled "the great Chinese fighter," the article. The article said China's fourth-generation fighters like the many components is based on the improvement of J -10, and therefore not to exclude J -10, based on continuous improvement through new-generation fighter prototype Zaochu situation.

 

F-10 fighter double major changes envisaged in Figure 2 as

 

Network will continue to spread China's fourth generation machine may use the canard.

Xinhua reported on May 25 Russia's "view report" on May 21 delivered a speech entitled "the great Chinese fighter," the article reads as follows:

National Aeronautics and Space Intelligence Center's 韦恩厄尔曼 20, said. China will in 2018 in nineteen fourteen, the fifth-generation fighter (the standard for the fifth generation of Russian Department of the Chinese by Western standards is called the fourth generation). He US-China Relations in the United States Congress Committee on the economic and security issues at the hearing that is very difficult in China to gather intelligence. The United States needs to clarify that China's new fighter is able to fight F-22.

U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates said a year ago, China has a fifth-generation prototype will not be back in 2020, 2025, will only have a few planes. Clearly, though that is difficult to gather intelligence, U.S. intelligence agencies still got some information, and accordingly revised the forecast.

Difficulties in collecting information may be exaggerated, because the Chinese people to comply with information security system is sometimes not very discipline. For example, in 1995, involved in the development of an engineer with J -10 after the boss fight out of this project, he published online on the J--10 of the very detailed information, thus Huoxing 7 years. In addition, the Chinese people very actively in online discussion of their fifth-generation fighter may look like. Discussion forum, not only in the mainland, in Taiwan forums. The U.S. agencies will no doubt pay attention to these information resources.

J -10 in this reference is not accidental, because China's fifth-generation fighters like the many components is the basis of J -10 improved. J -10 is not ruled out, based on continuous improvement through new-generation fighter prototype Zaochu situation.

According to speculation, carrier-based stealth performance of J -10 J -10 will be better than that. Three-dimensional model of the fighters earlier this year in a meeting of the Chinese military. This aircraft has two double tilt out of vertical tail, a lot of people think it looks much like the American F-35.

Estimated that China's fifth generation fighter development tasks to the 611 Research Institute. Online last year, there have been some photographers shoot much like the twin F-22 fighter photos. However, the photos alone can not determine what it is is a true full-size models, prototypes, or to confuse the enemy false information - a part of? It can be said: some remarks from the recent view. People believe that China is stepping up development of fifth generation fighters of the objective was achieved. Head Gates on May 8 speech at Eisenhower Library time: "The 2020 U.S. advanced stealth fighter only 20 times more than China, which Is not it awful? ', However, worry that Americans seem premature. As only rely on their own strength, China has only certain types of fighters and a large part of both to achieve the level of the fifth generation. Chinese experts in foreign developed with the help of the F -10 fighter, this shows that the Chinese aviation industry has the capacity to manufacture consistent with modern aerodynamic the aircraft. However, the J -10 is still equipped with Russian-made engines and radar. China can not copy now Russian AL-31 engine, but this work was in full swing. New - on behalf of the more complex engine, performance is also will be further enhanced. Even now Russia is powerless. all goes well, T-50 aircraft over five years can also be made batch of new engines.

Even with all the technical information, new active phased array radar can not be imitated. This requires a large number of trained using a few decades of their talents.

China will eventually develop a new fighter, this no doubt. However, hard to believe that this will be fully compatible with the standard fifth-generation fighter. Integration is likely to be the fourth generation and fifth-generation fighter features, at least in the early stages to do so.

Chinese Air Force has 1,600 aircraft accounted for only three generations of machine 1 / 4

Core Tip: U.S. RAND Corporation has released a report assessing China's latest progress of modern air power, Rand believes that China in the development of fourth-generation fighters. A hint that China may be developing aircraft with low radar cross section, "full-size model picture" is the only valid proof of this rumor, but obviously with the F-22 aircraft and F-35 fighter does not belong to the same level.

 

Data Figure: four generations of Chinese Internet users machine guess, progress in China for four generations the true machine remains unclear

 

Data Figure: China J-11B fighter, Rand's evaluation report that although a substantial increase in the number of modern aircraft, advanced Chinese fighter is still less than 1 / 4

 

Data Figure: China's DF-21 missiles. Rand's assessment that the real attack power to bring the PLA Second Artillery missile equipment upgrade is to enhance the effectiveness of attacks

Global Times - World Wide Web on May 24 reported that the U.S. Rand Corporation released a report recently revealed the latest progress of China's air force modernization, which refers to the performance of China's Jian Shi fighters like the U.S. F-16, J-11B and the U.S. military's F performance close to -15. In addition, the Chinese Air Force arsenal also add a great deal of precision missiles, including over-the-horizon radar guided air to air missiles, and laser and TV guided bombs. China is also the construction of performance comparable to the U.S. E-2 Hawkeye and E-3 early warning aircraft.

Congress US-China Economic and Security Review Commission on China's air force recently held a hearing. Rand Corporation 罗杰克利夫 on air power modernization of China in the past decade has assessed the specific analysis of the PLA Air Force, Naval Aviation, the modernization of ballistic missiles and surface-progress.

In 2000, when the PLA inventory of about 3,200 fighters, but only the 75 third-generation (Russian Department of the standard) Su -27 "Flanker" fighter, the other in the 20th century during the 50s and MiG -19 MiG -21 (that is, J-6 and Jian Qi family) fighters; and, then, China has an early-warning aircraft, the PLA attack aircraft can only carry a free-fall bomb, the Chinese pilot training compared with other countries was also inadequate. Rand Corporation report, which means that if the United States and China into a hot war in 2000, U.S. pilots will take air superiority, and the U.S. Air Force during the 1991 Gulf War position of absolute dominance is similar.

However, the situation ten years already different. Rand Corporation report, China's air force has been greatly improved, and improvement of combat capability not only because China developed the modern fighter. In fact, compared to the fifties of last century, China had been reduced by two thirds the number of fighters, only half a decade ago, around 1600 or so. Moreover, the MiG -19 and -21 MiG fighters still most of them. According to Rand, the company said third-generation fighters of the PLA is the original number of 4 times even more, but still one-fourth of its total aircraft.

It is noteworthy that the Chinese developed the F-16 with comparable single F -10 fighter, as well as superior than the F-15's J-11B twin engine heavy fighter. Moreover, China is also reportedly developing fourth-generation fighters. A hint that China may be developing aircraft with low radar cross section, "full-size model photos" is the only valid proof of this rumor, but obviously with the F-22 aircraft and F-35 fighter does not belong to the same level.

People's Liberation Army has also added to its arsenal of precision munitions, including over-the-horizon radar guided air to air missiles, and laser and TV guided bombs. China is also producing comparable to E-2 "Hawkeye" and the E-3 "airborne early warning and control system" airborne early warning and control aircraft. However, the Rand Corporation reported that there is no indication that China has a large long-range heavy bombers and air refueling. This stage, the People's Liberation Army bomber force attack is still to short-range sea power, from 80 -7 and 40 F-H-H-6D pose (in the 50th century, the foundation's plan -16 bombers made based on the development) These bombers are equipped with similar "flying fish" in the C-803K anti-ship missiles.

In fact, the PLA's offensive capabilities improve the real driving force is the growing ballistic missile forces; the past decade, the PLA Second Artillery stocks surge in the number of ballistic missiles. However, ballistic missile defense is an extremely difficult task, especially in a large number of missiles the case of incoming missiles, and launch these missiles can hit targets only a few minutes later. In addition, the Chinese missile forces also created quite a performance with the stealth aircraft weapons, reducing warning time, and ensure their penetration.

The evolution of China's aviation equipment system development prospects in the J--10

The evolution of China's aviation equipment system in the development of J -10

In addition to the development of modern fighters must rely on the introduction of flying can be a new country, each country's development of advanced fighter aircraft are equipped to meet their system requirements, equipment availability and advanced technology must be realized in this system, aircraft technical support from the system, no matter how good the performance is difficult to obtain satisfactory results. The third generation fighter Fazhan countries have encountered in the process of the cost of Wen Ti, different size models cost and performance trade-offs on equipment development of the impact of large, Weilenenggou Huanjiefeiji performance and cost pressures, three generations of machines in the specification Xuanze and performance planning are reflected new features.

 

 

F-16 and "Mirage" 2000 is the beginning of contact with the three generations of fighter aircraft

Three generations of the process of development of foreign fighters there light (middle), with heavy and medium-sized fully functional in two ways. U.S. F-15/16 and F-14/18 is light (middle) weight with a typical representative of the Soviet Air Force in fact is the medium of the MiG -29 as a standard fighter, Su -27 fighter for the air defense is based on focus and commitment of some of the Air Force long-range escort missions, different applications require different services so that the MiG -29 and -27 in the Soviet Union there are a lot of functionality and performance overlap, and these two models do not exist in the equipment, similar to F-15 / 16-way combination. European countries by the Air Force equipment size and cost factors, such as "Mirage," 4000, and other heavy aircraft programs because the cost of the ultimate failure, "Mirage" 2000 almost became the European representative of three generations of machines, until the EFA and the "gust" A Time by the European fighter to meet the needs of medium-sized twin. China has followed in the aircraft equipment, the Soviet Air Force fighter's view in the development of J -10 Shiyou reference to European countries, three generations of fighter aircraft with a similar line of thought is the ultimate goal of this model F -10 fighter aircraft to meet all functional requirements of three generations, so will be designed as the equivalent of J -10 "Mirage" 2000 and the MiG -29 medium-sized machine.

 

J -10 select early stage of the root causes of the specifications

J -10 is the first successful model developed by the level of advanced third-generation fighter. J -10 select single medium-sized body with the distinctive features of specifications and technical factors. On the 10th commencement of construction abroad, only the United States equipped with F-4 "Phantom" II and F-15 two generations of heavy-duty machine, heavy Soviet air force fighter jets are basically anti-missile interceptor fighter, the European countries have been more emphasis on strength and technical constraints and the development of medium-sized fighter, so all the performance and cost more balanced medium-sized machine was the mainstream of the international advanced fighter aircraft.

 

 J-8II series of development can only play a temporary role in emergency and transitional

Chinese Air Force technical exchanges with foreign countries recognize the value of equipment of the conditions on the aircraft, as opposed to cheap, but the lack of simple equipment, the development potential of the light aircraft, the volume than the F-5E and F -7 more than medium-sized models in fighting on more balanced. Air Force in the late 70s gave up on the basic needs of the development of new light aircraft, but the technical limitations lead to J -11/13 (old) air combat fighters have failed, and only maintained high-altitude high-speed interceptor into the detailed characteristics of the design phase J -9 But in the end because of the performance of the J -9 behind the times in the early 80s to stop the development. Chinese Air Force in the early demonstration project on the 10th to take into account the two levels of heavy and medium-sized programs, although overall performance of heavy fighters and technical indicators better than the medium-sized machine, but the domestic basic conditions and possible external support do not have the heavy machine development requirements, balance the performance on the 10th after the project has been identified as similar to the J -9 levels of medium-sized aircraft, and in the on-board systems and flight performance even more emphasis on Europe, three generations of fighter design.

 

Inheritance and classic all-around fighter

The development of three generations of foreign fighters in the development of J -10 basically began when the service, the military exchanges between China and the West are exposed to the advanced nature of the three generations of aircraft, F-15, 16 and "Mirage" 2000 are used to target the introduction of the Chinese Air Force Soviet Air Force MiG -29 in the opponent's point of view provides a reference benchmark. Chinese Air Force in the 70 to 80 years of military exchanges with the West, the lateral compared F-16A/79 and the French "Mirage" in 2000 the two series models, the lack of heavy fighters with the F-16 combat defect exists, F-16 multi-purpose property development potential is great but can not guarantee the actual needs of the Chinese Air Force, Air Force, agreed upon after comprehensive consideration of "Mirage" 2000's equipment and technology ideas. J -10, and structural characteristics of the design development process although there have been several adjustments, but similar in appearance on F-16, and "lion" of J -10, in the range of performance indicators and functions indeed closer to the "Phantom" 2000 this model.

Development of J -10 begin to identify China's aviation industry and air force when the equipment is very weak basis, radar fire control, materials, power and lack of basic scientific research on many items, especially the air force to use the lack of advanced combat aircraft and combat experience problems leading to the Air Force difficult to comply with the new fighters raised their own future development. J -10 goal is to develop around 2000 as the Chinese Air Force's main combat aircraft, but the Air Force and the aviation industry have not yet a complete new aircraft development system, J -10 projects to ensure the process of development can not be left behind and on the 10th engineering experience with domestic and foreign models of reasoning with reference to parallel. J -9 in the domestic aviation equipment is the second-generation standard air defense fighter, the same period in the J-8II is to enhance the performance of low altitude mobile air defense fighter, showing the air-defense requirements of the Chinese Air Force at that time occupied an important position, this need to J -10 shown in the performance characteristics of air defense fighter clear.

 

J -10 beautiful behalf of the Chinese fighter technology leap

J -10 airspace to meet the full needs of air and the air-defense interceptor flight performance, the aircraft aerodynamic and structural design of some of the potential to give up the multi-purpose, such as the big sweep of the delta not only the size and location of external objects are impact, but can not set the small tip of fighting bomb / pod mount point, mainly concentrated in the wing under external load limits the available load conditions. Plug point under the fuselage and position and though the number of "Mirage" 2000 is almost same, but the lack of domestic small-size fighting bombs continued to limit the load condition, body size limits the aircraft pylon, available quantities and types of external loads, "Mirage" 2000 issue of the existence of the load on the J -10 is equally obvious deficiencies. J -10 load problem although less than ideal conditions affecting the multi-purpose performance, but was fundamental to air operations as the Chinese Air Force is not inappropriate, and J -10 with the load conditions have been significantly more than the J - 8II, compared to models for its multi-domestic properties have also reached a high standard.

 

Mutations in the Chinese Air Force Equipment System

Chinese Air Force to prepare the introduction of Western fighters are not the ultimate success, F-16 performance was good but the performance does not meet the performance needs of the Chinese Air Force, Comprehensive Evaluation of satisfaction with the "Mirage" in 2000 due to high costs to bear. Given the technical nature and costs and the needs of domestic technology development, J -10 items chosen the introduction of foreign core technology, product development and national self-road, on the 10th development project in the 80's after a successful second generation to change the basic formal implemented. J -10 started to develop around 2000 when the plan to form an effective fighting strength, the Air Force would be J-7III, and J -10 J-8II fighter force composition, F -10 fighter equipment in this system is the core occupied by the main position is around three generations of the Chinese Air Force fighter against the technological superiority of the basic combat forces. J -10 The task requires the application of the aircraft design a lot of new technologies and achieve medium-sized, dynamic system from the original WP-15, WS-10 to the end of AL-31F/FN evolution, are thrust in the 12 ~ 13 tons of medium grade and all-area all-weather fighter. J -10 basis for the design of body size and weight of the data than the F-16 and "Mirage" 2000 should be big, part of the performance index is equivalent to the MiG -29 air defense / air all-around fighter.

J -10 is designed-to-air capability in the full-featured main fighter, the F-90 -10 have entered the early prototype stage of development to the metal, but a sudden change in the international situation has changed completely in the air force F--10 composition of position. The late 80s of last century the Soviet Union and China in political and security relationship with the overall improvement, re-opened the interruption of the Soviet Union nearly 30 years of military technology exchange, the Chinese air force to seize the Soviet Union / Russia, eager to improve relations and economic difficulties of the opportunity, from Soviet Union / Russia have a lot of the gaps of advanced equipment, technology and finished products, Su -27 that the Soviet Union had just advanced equipment, the introduction of heavy fighter, the Chinese air force will be equipped with performance levels once again restored to the "Korean War" period of the standard, a moment fighter of the technology gap with the United States reduced to less than ten years, while the normal take-off weight of 25 tons of the Su-27SK fighters have achieved a breakthrough in the domestic heavy.

 

 

To enter the Chinese Su-27SK air service established a new system

 

Under the new system, and J -11 J -10 functionality and performance of the variable

Su -27 both the former Soviet Union developed air defense and air requirements of a fully functional fighter aircraft, Su -27 Although the lack of effective ground attack capability, but the air combat performance is achieved when the more advanced third-generation fighter aircraft standards , especially the large range and high load capacity to provide continuous combat, the Chinese air force has been positive with F-15 advanced combat equipment to compete. Su-27SK's introduction and subsequent localization of the beginning of a very fast pace to the end of the century the Chinese Air Force has been equipped with over 100 Su -27SK/UBK, made early this century and the introduction of J -11 Su-30MKK began mass service, according to statistics of China's Soviet foreign and J -11 -27/30 scale of more than 300 equipment, has surpassed the United States after Russia become the world's second largest heavy fighter fleet.

Su-27SK, was introduced into the J -11's domestic numbers, in accordance with the development of domestic sources estimate the new machine, J -11 is likely to already have similar F-15 SU -27 and the series trend. J -11 or whether it is multi-purpose use of a machine-based approach to development, will air in China's aviation equipment system in the future to generate new waves, especially in the domestic J -11 with more advanced avionics weapons replace Su-27SK outdated system, Su-27SK J -10 relative advantages of large-scale production equipment in the F -11 weaken soon after. "Taihang" J -11 engine's success to improve self-production and just kicked off, given the offensive to meet the air defense needs and to replace the old Soviet -27SK/UBK life scale of production, the development of type J -11 Series 2020 equipment size may be 450 ~ 500, the Air Force tactical aircraft equipment as the proportion may reach 35 to 40%, and even faster economic development in China under the premise there are even more substantial increase. J -11 mass production and equipment changes in the J -10 original equipment environment, the scale has been formed after the J -11 J -10 have to be adjusted, especially in China, the location of aviation equipment system must be new OK.

 

 

 

Russia's Su-27S was developed based on a series of improved

J -10 performance requirements in the design is similar to the "Mirage" 2000 standards, the technical requirements necessary for the cost of inputs needed for the performance of a comprehensive, 15-ton weight off is also equivalent to the "Mirage" 2000C and F- 16C standards, but the introduction of Su-27SK and localization are disrupted on the 10th started at the idea. J -10 initial planning status of the core equipment has been replaced by Su -27 series, Su-30MKK equipment again in the establishment of multi-purpose fighter aircraft equipped with the foundation, to the heavy fighters when J -10 equipment service conditions have formed a very large scale, originally developed as the main fighter aircraft are now used instead of J -10 J--7. J -10 relative performance of all airspace operations Su-27SK / F -11, and nothing highlights more, range and combat payload than the F -11 relatively large gap also exists, although the performance in close combat and airborne equipment than early Su-27SK has advantages, but just as the mobile good F-16 is difficult to shake the status of F-15 as the main force, F -10 fighter equipment system in China is difficult to shake Su-27SK / J -11 current status With China's air defense operations offensive long-range strike force under the ideology of development, J -10 load on the voyage, and the impact of the shortcomings will be further intensified. J -10 design because there is no other option but to give a high-altitude high-speed air combat capability, design features such as J--10 while providing comprehensive than the F-16 air capacity, but the high cost and complexity of the structures are still affected J -10's cost efficiency, in particular, used to improve the performance and the cost of imported materials and finished products more pressure, the impact of these issues so that the cost of J -10 J -11 in the equipment becomes more sensitive after.

 

Large-scale factory production aircraft F -11 queue

 

J -10 J -11 changes in trends and the scope of the system to adapt

J -10 in the Chinese Air Force Equipment System Function and J -11 many overlap, these overlapping although J--10 provides a good use of flexibility, but also the resulting costs and the price of J -10 J -11 is not pulled and the distance problem of high costs and lead to improvements in equipment J -10 development in a difficult position. J -10 although with a good multi-purpose combat capability and the necessary operational performance, operational performance in competition with J -11 range and the load must face the question as to the basis of the existing conditions of -10 F to make up for this The gap is very difficult to substantially improve the cost of the increase in single machine will reduce the cost advantage. J -10 implementation of ground attack missions will need to face the pressure of the J H-7A. J H-7A fighter-bombers, while not as excellent with J -10 air combat capability, but wider than the external conditions and the advantages of improved fire control system is difficult to ignore, even Su-30MKK and J H-7A in contrast, also can find the weaknesses. J -10 function you want to attack at the tactical challenges the status of the J H-7A similar difficulties, the greater problem is that J H-7A the volume is great but the cost is not high compared to J -11 J -10 cost advantage J H-7A in the face will be substantially weakened.

J -10 if it was determined to replace the existing F -7 is the problem of high cost greatly. Replaced with J-J -7 -10 large investment needed to equip the air force is a pressure, like the available resources to improve the scale of J -10 equipment must be cost effective. J -10 through technical improvements to make up for lack of range and cost-effective load is not high, an improvement of the cost will be too big and unnecessary pressure. J -10 can choose the way to homemade as possible to replace imported finished products and materials, so you can 通过 降低 Maintenance & Support of the unified use of cost, but without affecting the performance of Tongshi can reduce the cost of space Buda Yong Yu. J -10 through enhanced multi-purpose and in the low-altitude air combat performance to highlight the focus of the aircraft, through a comprehensive localization and enhance cost-effectiveness plane (relative costs) means, in accordance with a strong ability to multi-standard and J-medium fighter -11 combination, it is possible to rely on low-cost (compared to -11 F) to replace the advantages of the early F-Series and F -7 -8 equipment space, cost control and effective, you can also fill some of the strong -5 retired combat tactics to stay out vacancies.

J -10 difficult to achieve a similar basic design as the F-16C multi-purpose capability, greatly improve the cost structure is also more difficult to control, if they can not find the right opportunity for significant structural and aerodynamic improvements, the F-- 10 has been very difficult to break once again the basic configuration of the current range. J -10 can perform many tasks now is not no substitute for the original situation, so you want to maintain the good development trend, and equipment size, J -10 must be with the same period, J H-7A, F -11 to contrast reflects the advantage of a feature by highlighting the performance advantages of the new system to secure the necessary development. China's new generation fighter the Air Force and Navy air quantity should not be more than 1500, the main force fighter model updates will be -11 J, J H and J -10 -7 common, each model in the context of this equipment has replaced the old models of fixed targets. Who these models even more impressive size of equipment depends not only on cost and performance, more importantly, what kind of aircraft could be more to meet the needs of Air Force operational systems. Attractive low-cost advanced fighter aircraft to meet the needs of the time only have value in the useful application of the premise of cost advantage can play a role, or will be very vulnerable to the original F-20 F-16 in the face of embarrassment when situation. J -10 cost of existing equipment in the Air Force system to increase the proportion of the key equipment, only when the performance of already was destroyed -11 and J H-7A broken, the basic design requirements are appropriate and balanced choice the cost of the key conditions to improve, how to select priorities and how performance air equipment fit the practical needs of system is a unit of J -10 design technical capabilities and user needs to grasp the accuracy of the test.
 

J-15 prototype completed pilot training aircraft carrier launched in China

Core Tip: The latest issue of the Canadian "Chinese Defense Review" magazine said that as China's first carrier-based fighter aircraft F -15 completion of prototype manufacturing, China has launched aircraft personnel training projects, carrier-based fighter aircraft flight test center most Huludao area may be located in Liaoning.

Data Figure: Su-27 series aircraft in the land slide Yanliang flight deck jump
 

Data Figure: Ukraine Nitka test center, the Soviet Union 33 is landed.
World Wide Web on May 24, according to Central News Agency reported that 21 reported that the latest issue of the Canadian "Chinese Defense Review" magazine said that China has launched aircraft personnel training project, training centers may be located in Huludao.

The article said that as China's first carrier-based fighter aircraft F -15 completion of prototype manufacturing, China will build test base for the Navy, similar to Ukraine's Navy carrier-based fighter NITKA as test center. Reported that China's naval pilot training center, carrier-based fighter aircraft flight test center is most likely located in Liaoning Huludao area.

Huludao already have, "Chinese Navy Flight School," which is the famous 91 065 troops. Navy helicopters, bombers, transport aircraft pilot training in this. Han and that the future China is likely to fly in the Naval Academy's structure, the construction of aircraft carrier flight test center, is also possible that the independent construction of new naval flight test center. But Huludao Xingcheng, Jiyuan Navy land-based aircraft carrier construction of the airport did not find signs of the runway test center.

Han and the founder of Ping Kefu said, "building a new trial airport is very expensive, equal to land the aircraft carrier construction. At present, only Ukraine, United States, the existence of such a test center." At the same time that the Chinese F -15 fighter flight carrier is facing difficulties because there is no Navy pilots in the flight test center where, in Shaanxi, the Air Force Flight Test Center Yanliang J -15 only testing flight control systems, radar, weapons use and so on.
 

Not less than 48 U.S. military submarine in response to the threat of China
Core Tip: 5 issue of the U.S. armed forces magazine, said, China is building nuclear-powered submarines, and will be equipped with 12 ballistic missile range of 4,000 nautical miles. This means that a Chinese nuclear submarine from the sea east Hawaii launched a central location throughout the United States to combat. In this case, the U.S. Navy in the next few years to maintain a team of more than 48 attack submarines, submarine force composed.

 

Data Figure: China's new ballistic missile submarines built

 

Data Figure: 039 Song-class submarine of the Chinese Navy fleet, the U.S. media that China is building 90 submarines of the huge forces

Global Times - World Wide Web on May 24 reported that 5 of the United States Armed Forces Monthly magazine issued the Navy Times Senior Writer Lance M · Bacon's article claimed that China is building nuclear-powered submarines, and will be equipped with a range of nearly 4,000 nautical miles 12 ballistic missiles. This means that if a Chinese nuclear submarine from the sea east of the central location of Hawaii to the United States attacks it, its ballistic missiles will cover the entire United States. In this case, the U.S. Navy in the next few years to maintain a team of more than 48 attack submarines, submarine force composed.

At least 48 attacks on the United States to balance Chinese navy submarine

Article claimed that the U.S. Navy budgets have shrunk, but the task is to bear on the rise, making for the Navy submarine force into a territory. U.S. lawmakers and strategists agreed that the Navy's attack submarine force of 15% of the plan will reduce the inability to meet the critical needs of the country. Moreover, all the guided missile submarines will be retired based on the already overstretched the submarine fleet, adding more tasks.

The article points out, is the U.S. Navy's attack submarine fleet submarine core issues facing. U.S. Navy in 2006, "Quadrennial Defense Review" report, the U.S. Navy to maintain at least 48 submarines from the fleet composition, readily able to meet about 10 submarine commander needs. However, according to the U.S. in February this year to develop the 30-year shipbuilding plan, by 2030, when the current 53 attack submarines will be reduced to 39 the following. After 2040, when the U.S. Navy submarine fleet will be stable to 45 or so.

In this regard, members of the House Armed Services Committee, Virginia Republican 罗布威特曼 that the U.S. submarine fleet will be lower than 49 the final number is far below the minimum needs of the United States. "We can not meet battlefield requirements, and future requirements will continue to grow." Wittman said he will work with the other members of Congress to keep the number of efforts to attack boats in the 48, the number of attacks on boats less than 48 minimum requirement is "not acceptable ".

The article said that while the U.S. Navy submarine fleet shrinking rapidly due to funding problems, the Chinese Navy's submarine fleet is rapidly expanding. As the August 2009 report referred to the Office of Naval Intelligence, is the Navy's submarine modernization, "the main driving force."

Centre for Strategic Budgetary Assessments, U.S. President Andrew F · Krepinevich published in February this year, entitled "Why fight the sea air? "The report said, China in 1995 and 2007 an increase of 38 submarines. If the 30-year plan period in the U.S. Navy to continue to maintain this growth rate, China will have to build up a fleet of 90 submarines, each submarine can fire anti-ship cruise missiles, remote wake homing torpedoes.

According to analysts Luoenluoke U.S. Congress said China is building nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines. He introduced last November, entitled "China Naval Modernization on the ability of the U.S. Navy," the report said, China may be for each nuclear submarines equipped with ballistic missiles 12 4,000 nautical miles. This means that if a Chinese nuclear submarine from the Chinese coastal waters if the U.S. attacks, the missile's range can cover Alaska; if the central location from the west coast of Hawaii to the United States attacks it, the missile can cover nearly half of the western region of 48 states that if a Chinese nuclear submarine East Sea from Hawaii to the U.S. central location to launch attacks, missiles, China will cover the entire United States.

While some analysts believe that lack of combat experience in China, its backward technology can give the U.S. the threat is minimal, but the Rock did not rule out such a threat. He said that China's diesel-electric submarines, quieter than nuclear submarines, and underwater life for up to several weeks. Naval forces in the induction or delay time, this ability is essential. Rock to the Falklands War, for example, said the submarine was created in Argentina many "ghost goal", so that the British launched 203 anti-submarine munitions but no one in the.

He also said: "During World War II, about all of our submarine navy 1.5%, but the Japanese ships sunk by the submarine more than the sum of the other ships victories. Moreover, the German submarine U-minorities on the Atlantic Ocean has played a major battlefield role. Now, if the Chinese Navy is not fully equipped, then have to consider the Chinese fleet may bring trouble. "

The article points out, most Chinese submarine sailing at high speed underwater life is relatively poor, can not keep an aircraft carrier battle group, the United States Centre for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, a report that Chinese submarine fleet, "seems appropriate for the implementation of blocking operations, Navigation in the second island chain for the ambush of U.S. aircraft carrier battle group. "

PLA surface coordinated attack on the greatest threat to U.S. aircraft carrier

Surface, underwater, on land coordinated attack is the greatest threat to U.S. aircraft carriers. China's Dongfeng -21 missile deployment - which is the world's first anti-ship missiles, ballistic missiles. The "missile killer" mobile, can the speed of Mach 10 flight, with a low radar signal characteristics, the flight path unpredictable. Claimed that such missiles can hit the outside of the 2000 sea miles sailing ships. As a result, U.S. carriers will be forced to engage in long-distance operations, the effectiveness of its air wing is so inevitable is being undermined.

The report said: "Those in the air-ballistic missile (ASBM) survived the attack on the U.S. aircraft carrier battle group, they successfully penetrated into the western Philippine Sea near Taiwan; However, its experience in China is still facing a firing anti-ship cruise missile submarine and the risk of a number of torpedo attack. Therefore, the future seems the U.S. Navy commander will face the following two situations: either the rapid breakthrough of China's defense, but it will pay a heavy price; or choose to fight a protracted war, waiting for the Chinese submarine the extent of the threat posed by the gradual decrease. It is not clear which approach will be successful operations. "However, the report referred to a number of threats has led to Arizona Republican Senator Folankesi (TrentFranks) clearly stated:" "4 In Defense Review Report, "in China silent on the issue of scary."

In addition, Secretary of the Navy Leimabusi (RayMabus) also pointed out: "The Chinese Navy has not become as clear as we had hoped. But we know they types of ships under construction. We know they are deploying the 'anti- involved in 'missiles (ballistic and cruise missiles). And we also understand what they are doing their fleet. However, we firmly believe that with the existing ships, prepared for the future in building ships, as well as our overall strength, We can meet any challenge, and I will not be limited to these challenges, the source of China. "

However, some observers believe the Navy should be in the next few years, efforts to maintain a more than 48 attack submarines in the force, especially in China's naval modernization under way. In 2006, the former Pacific Fleet submarine force commander, retired Admiral 艾伯特科内奇 Nepal have pointed out that the naval force of the sea state reporting requirements to maintain 48-60 attack submarines. In this regard, Conecini that from this point of view, "one only has 48 submarines, some of the troops look dowdy."

Taliban attacks on NATO troops were amply rewarded people were killed and a £ 1,660

Core Tip: Taliban militants in Afghanistan, a commander said the Taliban attacks on NATO members for their troops in Afghanistan to be amply rewarded, each killed a NATO soldier they can get about 1660 pounds (about 16,272 yuan RMB) reward. Compared with 2009, the Taliban militants this year, an increase of about double the reward amount.

Data for: the Taliban's suicide bomb attacks that NATO forces off guard.
China Network on May 24 reported that British "Times" on May 23 reported that Taliban militants in Afghanistan, a commander said the Taliban attack NATO members for their troops in Afghanistan to be amply rewarded for every killed 1 NATO soldier they can get about 1,660 pounds (16,272 yuan) of the award.

Khost province of Afghanistan, a Taliban commander on condition of anonymity, said NATO troops killed the Taliban to give the militants a cash bonus, each killing one soldier could be about £ 1,660, the money for Afghans, attractive. The commander said the reward money comes mainly from the Lord from opium cultivation to the tax levy, the Gulf countries, through channels of Dubai donated the funds and funds provided by the Pakistani Taliban officials. Compared with 2009, the Taliban militants this year, an increase of about double the reward amount. So far this year, a total of 213 NATO soldiers in Afghanistan were killed, including 41 British soldiers, members of the Taliban used to reward their total funds to £ 350,000.

This Taliban commander now in control of about 60 militants. He said they were on foot patrol and transport materials to attack NATO troops, the use of the "hit and run" tactics. Afterwards and through the purchase of the informants, media reports and information provided by local residents to confirm whether the deaths of NATO soldiers. The commander said: "We will not lie to the superior commander, they can check whether the relevant regional heavy fighting. If we captured an armed and equipment, we also get bonuses. Seized a gun can get one thousand U.S. dollars of the reward."

The commander said that they primarily by traditional underground bank transfer system to receive funds. Access to reward, the Taliban militants usually eat and drink to celebrate. Another Taliban in Ghazni province of Afghanistan means the officer said: "For us it is a lot of money. We care about is not whether to kill the foreigners, but their blood can let our to liberate their homeland. we kill the more their power will be weakened the more. Of course, we will have to be a big celebration. "

Amid rising Taliban attacks, Afghan President Hamid Karzai has urged the Taliban to give up force again, to government-sponsored peace process. Karzai spoke at a conference, said: "I once again appeal to the Taliban and other opposition forces to renounce violence and return to their homes and the reconstruction process in Afghanistan to play a role." Karzai reiterated that peace talks object does not include "base" and other terrorist organizations linked militants. He also said that Arab security forces capable of leading in the future all anti-terrorism operations in Afghanistan, the new term of government in the next 5 years term to eliminate corruption, to provide employment opportunities, to revitalize the economy. Karzai formally proposed a settlement plan for the Taliban. But then the Taliban rejected the plan, insist on withdrawal of foreign forces is a precondition for peace talks.

NATO in Afghanistan, senior officials said, NATO's elite special forces units in the Guoqu few months several weeks has increased the largest city of Kandahar in southern Afghanistan, the war effort, they are apprehending or Xiaomie the number of Taliban leaders to launch a massive offensive in June prior to weaken the Taliban. U.S. and coalition commander said the goal is to use special forces in Kandahar, the presence of U.S. troops reduced to a minimum, in Kandahar city, Afghan army and police combat operations will be implemented.

Russia and China before the end of 2011 to deliver 32 m 171E helicopter
Core Tip: The Russian defense industry spokesman recently announced that Russia will provide China with 32 m-171E transport helicopter contract will be completed to fulfill before the end of 2011. M -171 -8 been made by the meter, China has purchased more than 300 aircraft of this type of helicopter.

 

China has purchased more than 300 series of helicopters Mi -8

Russian-made transport helicopters rice-171E
LONDON May 23 report, according to ITAR reports on May 20, the Russian defense industry spokesman recently announced that Russia will provide China with 32 m-171E transport helicopter contract will be completed to fulfill before the end of 2011.

Russia and China in 2009 signed a 32 m-171E export contracts. Russia is responsible for carrying out the agreement for the Ulan-Ude Aviation Production Enterprise Associates. In accordance with the contract, these helicopters will be used on China's domestic air transport operations.

A spokesman said the Russian defense industry, China ordered the first batch of rice-171E will arrive end of this year, the entire supply activities will be completed before the end of 2011.

Ulan-Ude Aviation Production joint company mainly produces two types of helicopters, were civilian-type rice-171E and military-type rice-8AMT.

Should be pointed out that China has begun to assemble their own Russian-made multi-purpose transport helicopter -171 m, while the assembly of parts used by the Ulan-Ude aviation plant is provided.

M -171 -8 been made by the meter, China has purchased more than 300 aircraft of this type of helicopter. The helicopter from the Russian Miri Design Bureau design, Ulan-Ude aviation joint company's new production of the helicopter, the famous rice-8T, and the modernization of improved rice -17, performance and reliability than the m-8T and rice - 17 have improved significantly.

The helicopter's maximum takeoff weight of 13,000 kg, normal take-off weight of 11,100 kg, empty weight 7055 kg, maximum load 4000 kg, maximum level flight speed (take-off weight of 11,100 kg) 250 km / h, cruising speed (take-off weight of 11,100 kg) 230 km / hour, range (height of 500 meters, 30 minutes remaining oil, the maximum takeoff weight, do not use the attached fuel tank) 570 km.
 

Russia was held in June, "the East 2010" exercise to prepare counter-strategies in China
Core Tip: Spain, "Eurasia Review," Network on May 21 published an article saying that Russia will be held in June, code-named "Oriental -2,010" campaign strategy of exercise, the exercise of a potential enemy was Japan. But with the continuing rise of China and Russia will be prepared by counter-strategy of such exercises.

Data Figure: Russian army exercises
Global Times on May 24 reported that the Spanish "Europe and Asia comments" nets on May 21 article, the original title: The Russian military strategy in the Chinese role

China continued to rise. To this end, the Russian armed forces need to take precautions in response to Beijing's hegemonic potential plan. But military alone is not enough preparation. Russia need to reverse the Far East and Siberia adverse social - economic and demographic trends, to avoid armed conflict induced by these factors.

According to Russian Ministry of Defense recently released the news, in June 2010 will be held in the Russian armed forces code-named "Oriental -2010" campaign strategy exercise. The exercise will be the 2010 Russian "highlight of combat training." Russia's top commander has not publicly talked about the exercise of an imaginary enemy. But it goes without saying that the exercise of a potential enemy, Japan, Russia and Japan because the existence of territorial disputes. In addition, the Russian leadership is also concerned that North Korea has nuclear weapons.

However, the Far East there is another potential enemy, its growing military power could make Russia to take action, through the "Oriental -2010" The exercise of this size to prepare counter-strategies. The enemy is China.

Until recently, the Russian political leadership has been careful not to call China a potential enemy, and strong emphasis on improving its relations with its powerful neighbor, the great Oriental. However, China has challenged the dominance of Russia in Central Asia. In the future, the fast growing Chinese Russian Siberia and the Far East may pose a security threat, especially given the population density between the two countries, the economic output gap is widening, there are endless influx of Chinese laborers.

Russian officials said that China as a potential enemy to avoid, perhaps do not want to provoke the neighbor to the east, to gain time to prepare to deal with China on the rise. However, experts pointed out that Russia's military advantage in China potential threat. The drafting of new national security strategy, one of Alex Tse • Ebotuofu early as 2004, said: "After the Cold War ... ... Moscow lost the NATO, and China's conventional military advantage." Now, Russia will it non-strategic nuclear weapons as a "nuclear balance" in order to make up the face of this weakness of Western and Chinese.

Scholars say that if Russia conflict, Russia should not expect its millions of regular troops that can withstand the 280 million strong People's Liberation Army. Moreover, although nuclear weapons can play a powerful deterrent, but can not be regarded as a panacea. The most important thing is that even limited use of nuclear weapons, will increase the risk of rival retaliation with nuclear weapons.

Moreover, both in nuclear weapons or conventional weapons, Russia can not effectively reduce conflict risk factors increased, including the population between the two countries, and the increasing imbalance in the economic development. Since the scale of the Chinese economy since the late 70s of last century has increased by 3 times in the next 10 years could double again.

But given the current pace of development, even if serious conflict between China and Russia, that is several decades later. As Singapore's first prime minister Lee Kuan Yew said that China needs time to grow. If the conflict is destined to happen, they will postpone it for 50 years. In considering the former conflict with Russia, China recovered Taiwan and of course would like to establish dominance in Southeast Asia.

Russia should use the next few decades the implementation of military reform, until the fighting around the military threat caused to deter Chinese military parity with conventional forces. Russian authorities should also reverse the Far East and Siberia, the trend of shrinking population, promoting regional economic growth, to prevent Russia non-military gap is widening, thus reducing the risk relations with China may eventually upgrade to the possibility of armed conflict.
 

Vacated born - and our carrier-based fighter Su -33

 

SU -33 curtain will soon dejected

At present Russia's only aircraft carrier, "Kuznetsov" was after the service will usher in its first overhaul, the overhaul of the library in the ship will be used to replace the MiG-29K carrier-based aircraft original Su -33, news travels fans to feel sorry for many flanker and understand, after all, is a Soviet-type service near -33, the performance is superior to carrier-based fighter.

But soon came a message, in the East sea flanker has been a distant relative artful, even the successful test flight network is expected to have a message machine, code F -15, if the message before the former Russian sadly ended then this message can be seen as the latter vacated born.

 

Su -33 position will be to replace the MiG-29K

 

Russian MiG-29K is equipped with new generation avionics system, plans for the glass cockpit

There is an article that the Russian MiG-29K was chosen because it is with a strong air and multi-purpose combat capability, such as the MiG-29K has launched R-77 active radar guided air to air missiles and can launch KH-31A/-35 anti-ship missiles, but also with KH-31P anti-radiation missiles, air defense suppression capability available, but SU -33 can only use R-27 semi-active radar guided air to air missiles, and do not have the space launch / Sea precision-guided weapons, in fact MiG -29K has the ability because of its use of a new generation of avionics systems only, including ZHUK-M multi-purpose fire-control radar, BTSVM-486-02K mission computer, MFI-10 multi-function cockpit displays, but these can be equipped to Su -33 above, in fact, belong to the Su-27SM Flanker series equipped with the device on the multi-purpose combat capability to have, in fact, differences in avionics systems is the most easy to cover, such as F-16A / B is not with-the-horizon and the ground combat capability, but after mid-life extension upgrade-MLU, capable of launching AIM-120 active radar guided air to air missiles, you can put on the ability to precision-guided weapons, and F-16CJ repressive capacity of the original only with air After CCIP upgrade is not only capable of launching anti-radiation missiles and can launch precision-guided weapons capability space, in fact, the former Soviet Union there will be upgraded to Su-Su-33MK -33 standard plan, that is, replacement of the radar by the NO01K ZHUK-PH no Source phased array radar, glass cockpit, you can use active radar guided air to air missiles and precision-guided weapons and space, into this century, the Russian navy had to ZHUK-MS multi-function fire control radar installed in the two-seat Su-33KUB multi-ship tested fighter on set, but nothing came, but another point of view but never said if you want to reach the Soviet Union -33 MiG-29K multi-purpose now is not a difficult thing.

 

Su -33 backward avionics system limits its ability to play their humble cabin plan

In fact the first Soviet MiG-29K -33 and competition does not exist, the former Soviet Union for the Soviet navy's combat mission is assigned -33; to provide air cover for the fleet; as our escort aircraft missile attacks and aerial reconnaissance , for the MiG-29K combat mission is assigned to provide air cover for the formation, attacks on surface targets, to support landing operations and the implementation of marine mining and reconnaissance, the aircraft carrier with Carrier Air Wing and the United States with a considerable level of this structure with the United States The aircraft carrier with roughly the same, the U.S. aircraft carrier equipped with 20 F-14 and 24-36 rack F/A-1/8 (now F-14 has been F-18E / F to replace), so SU -33 is equivalent to U.S. F-14 air superiority combat aircraft pure, while the MiG-29K is similar to the U.S. F/A-18 fighter, in fact, the former Soviet Union first proposed the program PROJECT1143.5 carrier aircraft is equipped with 18 Su -33,28 MiG-29K, but PROJECT1143.5 type the first ship, "Kuznetsov" service when its load displacement of 6.5 million tons, but only carry a 24 SU -33 fighter, which makes stunned the outside world can be described as full load displacement of only 4 million tonnes of Charles de Gaulle, can carry about 30 carrier-based fighter Rafale M, while the tonnage of the United Kingdom with similar recent CVF, the number of close to 40 carrier-based aircraft, resulting in the reasons for this mainly taking into account the technical difficulty and economic reasons, the early 80s of last century the former Soviet Union reduced the size of PROJECT1143.5 ship, allowed nearly 80,000 tons from the general nuclear-powered aircraft carrier into a general 60 thousand tons of conventional aircraft carrier, space narrowing in the hull of the cases, in cooperation, but also to increase the fuel to find the local carrier, which directly reduce the library's space ship equipped with carrier aircraft, but also library ships make matters worse, by the former Soviet Union developed the steam catapult time, met catapult in bad weather in the Barents Sea ice problems at work is easy, so libraries have to switch to slide jump ship deck, this carrier-based fighter planes took off at light loads only the implementation of air defense missions, remote attacker can only in the hands of long-range anti-ship missiles, it should already tight space with P-700 long-range anti-ship missiles, which are to a considerable extent, affected the library ship containing machine capacity, coupled with the size of a larger Soviet -33, These all affect the ability of libraries ship's carrier aircraft, is why the carrier aircraft is far less than the number of displacement below the root causes of Charles de Gaulle himself.

 

Library ship tonnage, is great, but take a limited number of carrier

 

Despite the small number, but the library remained crowded ship hangar

 

Library under the ship deck P-700 long-range anti-ship missile silo

So why choose the former Soviet Navy Soviet -33 rather than the smaller MiG-29K carrier-based aircraft as the do? The reason is simple, we know that the first MiG -29 position is the front-line air fighter, the main battle for Army air defense and air superiority depth operations, so the technical and tactical targets for the range and payload requirements are not doing too much The early MiG -29 (Product -13) empty weight 10.9 tons, only 3300 kg of Oil, range of 1,500 kilometers, transition range (with a drop tank 2,000 km), pylons 7 (which wing 6, belly Center Line 1), load 3 tons, these indicators in the third generation of combat aircraft in the lowest, although the lower fuel and load to ensure the aircraft has good mobility and severely reduces aircraft upgrades and multi-purpose capacity expansion, improved MiG -29 almost all around the increase in internal fuel and load to carry, including MiG-29K, (products -31), MiG-29K and MiG -29 compared to the external characteristics of the largest article on the cancellation of the latter side of the auxiliary air intake, make room for additional fuel, its oil to 4,500 kg in a range to 2,000 km, transition range (with 2 drop tanks 2,500 kilometers), while wing pylons to 8, the load rises to 4.5 tons, due to the machine structure, the increase in fuel and cause the aircraft empty weight increases, the MiG-29K air-weight over 12 tons, so the MiG-29K switched to RD-33K engines, thrust by the RD-33 increased to 81.4 kN 86.3 kN, the increase in aircraft empty weight of the aircraft wing Dutch let rise, so the wing area also increased from 38 square meters to 42 square meters, and the increase the trim area, switched to three-axis fly-by-four redundant systems, the performance of the MiG-29K Bi Mige -29 is greatly improved, but the range and payload than the SU -33 is still a more gap, Su -33 19 tons empty weight, fuel load that is more than 8 tons, within the range of 3,000 km oil, with 12 plug-in rack (eight under-wing, fuselage, under 4) load more than 6.5 tons, also lower than the similar size and their Rafale fighter, the latter in empty weight of less than 10 tons of the five-, oil carrier can reach 4.5 tons, the maximum load of 9 tons, much larger than the MiG-29K, although limited by carrier command and control system capabilities, carrier-based aircraft to not distract from the formation generally, even F-14 is only about 300 km away from the aircraft carrier combat air about 地方 patrols, but the larger the range also may have a more carrier-based Bao Zheng long endurance, F-14 in the mounted auxiliary fuel tanks and AIM-54 Phoenix air to air missile of the case, you can at a distance of 300 km of the air carrier patrol two hours, with gusts M in the full plug-in the case of weapons and drop tanks up to 3 hours, Su -33's performance is roughly the same, longer staying in the air carrier aircraft can mean as much as possible stay in formation over the provision of air cover as much as possible, and if it means staying in the air near voyage short, if the air cover to achieve the same effect may be to use more batch of aircraft, thus bringing carrier command and control, logistical support, the degree of difficulty, Tong Shi also weaken the carrier ship in combat Ren Wu's Nengli, because the number of aircraft deployed a day movements are restricted, such as the world's largest aircraft carrier Nimitz-class maximum is about 140 sorties sorties, if too much too much for the air patrol vehicles will affect the implementation of the tasks on the ground attack sorties, so from fleet air defense this perspective, the effectiveness of Soviet -33 to Bimi Ge-29K really much higher.

 

Early MiG -29 have limited range and payload

 

MiG-29M increase in fuel and load, pay attention to their abolition of the edge of early MiG -29 auxiliary inlet section

 

MiG-29K and MiG-29M airframe is basically the same, do not pay attention to the inlet side of auxiliary section

 

Rack layout are the same with the MiG-29M, but not a fundamental solution to the MiG -29 range / payload capability shortfall

Su -33 Bimi Ge-29K where high performance is also reflected in its ability to extend the above purpose, as I said before though the MiG-29K in these areas has also been a large effort, but the relevant indicators than the Su -33 or to be much lower, such as load, more importantly, because of inherent design limitations, it can not plug in the fuselage weapons pylons can only put it in the wing pylons are arranged so as to increase the resistance of the aircraft, further affect the aircraft's range, and fuel because the machine is limited ground attacks in the implementation of tasks, is bound to mount auxiliary fuel tanks to increase range, but this will rise to airborne weapons, especially heavy ground precision guided weapons and fight with Fu Youxiang link frame problem, and Su -33 to superior multi-lateral, which can plug in the fuselage pylons in a larger size range air to air missiles, short-range air to air missile tip rack hanging, which increased the resistance less than MiG - 29K, plus more fuel the machine, do not mount the fuel tank, so the ability of at least four plug-in to leave a strong external frame ground precision-guided weapons, the flexibility of its mission is far greater than the MiG-29K, In fact, this is for heavy fighter, the advantages of light fighter, which has more room to carry more fuel and arms to perform a distance of more combat missions, so the same technical conditions in heavy combat aircraft Xia's performance is usually high in the latter two, which is why the Su -27 series can be completely avoided in the international market, the main reason for the MiG -29. So that we can not understand why his choice for database Su -33 carrier combat aircraft, and the lack of control of two ships in the library room where the aircraft, select a higher operational efficiency of heavy combat aircraft is clearly the best choice.

 

Su -33 load range capacity than the MiG-29K, if the more obvious advantages with catapult

As for the choice of the Russian MiG-29K, MiG-29K with the previous or differentiated, it should be exported to India, MiG-29K (Products 9-41) aircraft to the MiG-29SMT (products - 17) based on carrier-based (product-17K), can be regarded as the equipment used MiG-29SMT modified MiG-29K, the biggest change in the further increase in fuel, machine oil containing more than five tons, empty weight also will increase to 13 tons or so, this use of the RD-33MK engine, maximum thrust increased to 88.1 kN, while increasing the plug-in capabilities, plug-in framework to 5.5 tonnes, these indicators Bimi Ge-29K (Product -31 ) has further improved, but still a gap with the Soviet -33, so combat radius, endurance and payload capacity such as wind gust of M, lower than the other, such as carrier aircraft, the Russian MiG-29K Why did you choose to replace the Su- -33 what? The answer is very simple; money, we know the impact of economic weakness, combined with the limited funds are used is above replacement sea-based strategic missiles, so little service in Russia in recent years, new surface ships, the carrier-based Su -33 machine size has been small, so its control, maintenance costs can be relatively expensive, so in the near future can not build new aircraft carriers to expand the fleet of Su -33 circumstances, Russia can only pin their hopes on exports, so in overseas Su -33 reported the news of our purchase, the Russian side has insisted the contract amount should include the cost of restarting production lines, in fact trying to shift the cost of logistics support area out, but the development of our country have chosen their own carrier-based fighter aircraft F -15 type, Russia's wishful thinking to come to nothing, in this case, India has become Russia's hope, but at present, neither is Russia, India modified "Weikelama Tia" was still under construction and advanced air defense ship, both tonnage and size small, difficult to carry such a heavy Su -33 fighter, can carry only MiG-29K, so in this case, Russia no choice but to replace the Carrier Air Wing of the model, which means that the original focus on the Russian naval Su -33 establish training operations, logistics support system to replace all the pilot light needs to dress up a lot of input, of course, these costs will eventually rise to "fleece" to India in various forms into the procurement MiG-298K and the cost of spare parts to, anyway, the money to build Hindustan airlines not come out with the MiG-29K carrier-based aircraft equivalent.

 

Deck line-up of the Soviet -33 might not occur again

 

MiG-29KUB has been tested on the ship, it will take over the position of Su -33

Su -33 sadly ended in Russia, J -15 vacated born in China, which actually reflects the overall strength of the shift between the two countries, the Russian national power is limited, but to accept the reality, for the time being maintained by the MiG-29K naval surface The basic combat formation, lay the groundwork for future recovery, and our overall strength as the rapid growth in China has basically mastered the three generations of aircraft and related equipment, weapons cases, with heavy fighter aircraft makes sense, particularly is very likely that a new generation of aircraft carriers equipped with catapults, you can play more heavy planes in range / payload advantages, but also allows more powerful aircraft carrier battle groups and full operational capability, additional aircraft carrier battle groups from a higher point of view is the next defending our national security and interests of the backbone, while the carrier-based aircraft is the core of this force, so take this opportunity to establish our own carrier-based aircraft development capability is very important, and this is why our self-developed the root causes of ship-borne fighter.

 

If the aircraft is larger, then the heavy ship-based fighter is an ideal choice

 

China has basically mastered the techniques of three generations under heavy fighter, fighter aircraft developed by carrier is the right choice

 

With catapult, can play a more carrier-based fighter of the advantages of heavy

Apparently developed its own carrier aircraft for the smooth sailing, just as China's development will not be the same without the ups and downs, but I believe through the unremitting efforts, we will see the carrier aircraft flying domestic air and sea, as now we will achieve national The great rejuvenation!
 

U.S. think tank: anti-intervention against the People's Liberation Army to be blinding the battlefield network
Core Tip: U.S. believes that China is trying to implement "anti-intervention" strategy for the United States is a challenge in the Western Pacific, the Pentagon proposed last year specifically for this "sea-air joint operations concept." The core idea is to complete blindness for the People's Liberation Army battlefield network operations, the PLA long-range intelligence, reconnaissance, surveillance and attack system suppression.

 

Data Map: joint training in Guam F-22 and B-2, is to launch a false impression of Chinese acupuncture in the key force war

Global Times - World Wide Web on May 23 reported that the U.S. believes that China is trying to implement "anti-intervention" strategy for the United States in the Western Pacific is a challenge, but the U.S. military was unable to cope with existing capacity. The Pentagon last year specifically for this proposed "sea-air joint operations concept." But the U.S. military how to apply this new future will be the guiding ideology to fight, but know little about the outside world. French aerospace defense website on the 19th disclosed, the U.S. Centre for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, the latest research report published detailing the U.S. "joint sea-air" against China's tactics.

From "strategic threat to China's anti-intervention"

Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments is an independent policy institute, the main decision-makers to the major issues to provide "timely, fair and depth" analysis. The report said the United States to maintain a vast area to launch and sustain military power capacity is critical. Soviet Union during the Cold War American power delivery has posed a serious threat, but the decade after the Cold War the U.S. military force projection capabilities have not been any challenge. But now the interests of the U.S. military in key regions - Western Pacific theater mission capabilities, the PLA is being seriously challenged.

Reported that the Chinese army is committed to the development of "anti-intervention / regional" block the ability. The report lists China's anti-important means of intervention strategies, including "East Wind" anti-ship missiles with a range from a few hundred km to 2800 km range, "the East China Sea -10" radius of up to 1,800 km cruise missile threat , and J H--7 C-803 air-launched anti-ship missile attack close to 2000 km range. The report said China posed by missiles and aircraft rely on "anti-intervention" forces combat radius covers the Strait of Malacca, near Guam. This will force the U.S. Navy had 2,700 km away from the Chinese mainland regional activities, while the U.S. is difficult to deal with China's existing capacity of this "anti-intervention" strategy. Gengrang U.S. concern is that this "anti-intervention" strategy is being more and more countries concerned. At the center in February in a separate report, also rely on the explicit reference to Iran and missile boats similar "anti-intervention" strategy.

The report concluded that there is no indication that China will change created outside of the second island chain "no-go zone" in the effort, the future U.S. military operations in the western Pacific and the risk of rapidly rising costs, and faster than expected in. The new U.S. proposal of "the concept of sea-air joint operations" is specifically used to offset the PLA's "anti-intervention capability."

Explain how to deal with the PLA complete

United States, "sea-air joint operations" it is not long. September 2009 the U.S. Navy chief of operations Roughead, General Schwartz and the Air Force chief of staff, signed an order, send two military services to form a coalition group to study the concept of sea-air joint operations. This concept is similar to the early 80s of last century the United States made-to-air joint operations, it then several local wars in the successful application to astound the world. As the sea-air joint operations, highly sensitive projects, and is still in the initial stage, the news of the outside world were few. The Centre for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, the report is the most detailed one, it clearly describes how the United States will display their "sea-air joint operations."

The report mentions that the concept of joint operations, air and sea must be priority for the Western Pacific theater of "high-end military action." Report that the initial phase of the United States and allied forces and bases are bound to bear the People's Liberation Army's precision strike; but the U.S. military must be completed for the People's Liberation Army battlefield networks blinding operations, the PLA long-range intelligence, reconnaissance, surveillance and attack system suppression, and maintain in the sky, sea, space and cyberspace control.

To that end, the implementation of sea-air joint operations must enable the Air Force and Navy theater in the Western Pacific to maintain strengths. As the main U.S. military base in the western Pacific region are likely to attack, so the U.S. Air Force to play a long-range combat major advantage: space, the United States is responsible for blinding of the PLA Air Force surveillance satellite, to stop anti-ship ballistic missiles, the PLA Navy ships high-value target ; the Air Force long-range precision strike force may destroy the People's Liberation Army long-range maritime patrol aircraft and long-range ballistic missile launchers, to expand the U.S. naval activity areas to reduce the base of the United States and its allies suffered a blow to stealth bombers to support anti-submarine warfare by offensive mine-laying. And the Air Force to open access, the U.S. Navy ships and aircraft are at or near the high-strength attack and reconnaissance: Aegis warships to the forefront of the Air Force to provide anti-missile defense, ballistic missile attack PLA block; submarines and carrier-based support for the U.S. Air Force reconnaissance aircraft long-range attack, paralysis People's Liberation Army, manned and unmanned reconnaissance platforms and space-based fighter aircraft for the U.S. Air Force refueling and other support aircraft to move freely. Report that, through such joint action, will thwart the majority of PLA military action.

U.S. experts questioned the

Although the United States the concept of joint operations, air and sea make the U.S. more powerful sound, but experts do not fully support the United States. United States, "Defense News" in April, quoting the strategic analyst, retired naval officer, said Brian • McGrath's point of view, the U.S. military services over-stressed and more joint, substantially reduced the ability of the U.S. Navy's sea. He felt that the U.S. can not focus on the end to deal with potential competitors, particularly to continue the suppression of opponents such as the Chinese navy. He suggested that in the future should increase investment in the Navy.布莱恩麦格 Russ said, "Although many military services recognized the world to improve joint military point of view, but will indulge in multi-joint branch of military intelligence and strategic thinking of the obstacles." He believes that the need cooperation and support ground forces, the current environment the United States Navy to the Pentagon and Congress can not advocate the development of maritime forces. He stressed: "The growth of China's military strength can make the most appropriate response is based on the sea, the development of sea power's military strategy."
 

U.S. official launch of the network Command became fully operational in October
Core Tip: U.S. Department of Defense announced on the 21st, in order to fight against hostile states and hacker attacks, "network command" officially launched on the same day. Command base located in Meade, Maryland, to network defense operations as the main task.

 

Data for: the U.S. military operational command unit to monitor the use of the Internet to the theater

China News Net reported on May 23 Kyodo reported that 21 U.S. Department of Defense announced that in order to combat hostile countries and hacker attacks, "network command" officially launched on the same day. Command base located in Meade, Maryland, to network defense operations as the main task.

Reports, the network command under the U.S. Strategic Command, to Keith Alexander as commander of the preparation of Jinqian Ren. U.S. forces have been in the networking of various departments alone, the network command to unified management, strengthening measures, and will actively seek international cooperation. According to the plan, the network command will be fully operational in October.

Kyodo news agency quoted U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates as saying: "The new command to change the vulnerability of cyber attacks, respond to threats of expansion."

Earlier, a source said Yonhap, South Korea Defense Ministry also plans to set up the network headquarters, the agency will be independent of the force, size of about 200, from the general command of Major-General level.

China's "Coast Guard 21" boat trip to Japan will participate in multinational exercises
Core Tip: Chinese maritime patrol boat, "Coast Guard 21" round 22, leaving the afternoon of 5 good groove Shanghai Waigaoqiao Marine Terminal, was invited to tour Japan, the Japanese Coast Guard invited to participate in the "review style and comprehensive training" multinational joint exercises.

 

May 22, "Coast Guard 21" wheels are slowly leaving the Shanghai Waigaoqiao Marine Terminal

China News Network on May 23 reported that the Chinese maritime patrol boat, "Coast Guard 21" round 22, leaving the afternoon of 5 good groove Shanghai Waigaoqiao Marine Terminal, was invited to tour Japan, the Japanese Coast Guard invited to participate in the "review-type and comprehensive training "multi-national joint military exercises.

Organized by the Japan Coast Guard, "review-type and comprehensive training" joint exercises will begin May 29 and lasted two days. The exercise: the use of water cannon and chemical fire fighting ship, fell into the water using a helicopter search and rescue personnel, to combat piracy and terrorism, and chase boats, and search suspicious vessels transporting weapons of mass destruction and other vessels.

The visit of the "Coast Guard 21" under the MSA, is currently stationed in Shanghai's most advanced maritime patrol boat, with good sea rescue capability, you can take off and land the helicopter. Meanwhile, the ship also has a strong information-gathering and processing capability to engage in three-dimensional in the broad area surveillance and all-weather search and rescue, the maximum speed reached 22 knots. The round has been delivered since 2001, has successfully implemented nearly a hundred three-dimensional air and sea search and rescue operations.

Concerned said, "Coast Guard 21" round the ship-borne maritime staff of 40 to visit China, Japan, Japan and other participating countries will showcase China's achievements in maritime security management. Participate in the joint exercises with Japan, China's maritime sector counterparts in the maintenance of ship navigation safety at sea and port facility security, prevention of marine pollution, marine environment protection Deng Fangmian Cujin the Yicijiajiang business Jiao Liu and Hezuo the opportunity to bring the two sides to further promote Sino-Japanese maritime common improve the regulatory capacity for regional maritime industry and create a good environment.

According to the delegation side introduced, 23 to 24, China's "Coast Guard 21" round of the delegation will be held in the voyage sailing, life saving, comprehensive fire training exercises, and arrived in Japan 25 Tokyo Bay. After the completion of the joint exercise will be returned to Shanghai on June 2.
 

U.S. F-35 fighter flight officially entered a critical stage of setting
Core Note: May 17, two U.S. Air Force F-35A fighter planes from Lockheed Martin Fort Worth, Texas, test site to take off to two-plane formation of non-stop flight, successfully arrived at Edwards Air Force Base in California. F-35 long-haul aircraft to enter the transfer market marks a key stage of setting flight, this is the U.S. military aircraft in service before the "big four flight test stages" of the third phase.

 

May 17, two U.S. Air Force Lockheed Martin F-35A from Fort Worth, Texas, test site to take off to two-plane formation flying non-stop.

Global Times - World Wide Web on May 23 reported that, according to the U.S. Air Force official Web site on May 18 reported on May 17, two U.S. Air Force F-35A fighter planes from Lockheed Martin's Fort Worth, Texas, test site off to two-plane formation of non-stop flight, successfully arrived at Edwards Air Force Base in California. Xu Yongling flight experts on China, "Global Times" reporter, said, F-35 long-distance transition marks the fighters entered a critical stage of the stereotypical flight, which is the U.S. military aircraft in service before the "big four flight test stages" of the third phase, F -35 formal service has a step forward.

According to reports, the completion of two test flights are numbered AF-1 and AF-2 of the F-35A "Lightning II" stealth fighter. The long-distance non-stop flights from the U.S. Air Force colonel and test pilot 汉克格里夫斯 Lockheed Martin's chief test pilot Jon enable Sri complete, and they in 1 hour south from the United States the most Texas, arrived in the most western California. This is the first batch arrived at Edwards Air Force Base's F-35A fighter, which means fighter officially transferred to the army from the hands of the hands of arms dealers. According to reports, arrived Edwards Air Force Base F-35A will eventually reach at least 8. The F-35A flight test is the first time, formation flight, flight test in the future, the U.S. will gradually increase the difficulty, for 4 machines, 8 aircraft flying in formation.

Arrived at Edwards Air Force Base is the F-35A flight test aircraft to begin shaping the first step. Edward Handziski deployment in the period, F-35A will be a lot of ground and flight tests, such as propulsion system test, air refueling, logistics, weapons integration and long-range flights. Lockheed Martin F-35 flight test program, deputy director of 达戈皮尔森 stereotypes "Through rigorous flight tests, the United States and its allies, we will develop a dominant, lethal fighter." Reported another 3 F-35 fighter jets are being carried out Naval Air Station in Maryland test, here is the F-35B VTOL type and F-35C carrier-based model of the main test site. This year in March, F-35B VTOL test successfully conducted. F-35 aircraft has now completed more than 200 sorties of flight tests, the ultimate test should be completed before 5000 vehicles off the official service.

The next main fighter for the U.S. Air Force F-35's flight dynamics, China test pilot, flight test experts, Xu Yongling on "Global Times" reporter, F-35A flew to Edwards Air Force Base means that the F-35 project into the key shape flight test phase, but still a long way behind. Xu Yongling introduction, the U.S. Air Force fighter jets from the proposed concept plan to determine the initial operational capability, only one test would lead four Guan. The first hurdle is tender test, which is unique to the U.S. military. In making military needs, the proposals by the major companies, general military initially set to one in which two programs, manufactured by the relevant prototype, prototype, including necessary equipment and facilities, in the trial was just getting the jet first flew together, demonstrate the feasibility of the program.

Upon completion of the tender is the engineering flight test. The successful flight test found under arms dealers and the military views the issue, modify, complete aircraft manufacturing and assembly to complete the works after the development of flight. The flight test base mainly in the factory, used to verify the basic aircraft safety, operational, to ensure that the aircraft can safely fly to shape its own flight test site. F-35B in March this year, the hover test flight of the works shall be arms dealers.

Upon completion of this phase, the need for setting flight, this stage is most at risk, time-consuming, most of the flight test phase subjects. At this stage, from the aircraft's basic flight performance to the edge of subjects, from avionics to airborne weapons to be fully tested under the test outline. Including avionics and airborne weapons and flight test of the total accounted for 60% to 70%. A lot of strength and special status of test subjects the border is very risky, such as stall, spiral, low-altitude diving flights. U.S. fighter at this stage is usually carried out from 7000 to 8000 hours of flight test work. Shape does not mean that everything is all right after the completion of test flights, the official equipment units in the former, but also for operational use performance test. Such as conducting battlefield environment running a variety of weapons, target practice test, verify the actual performance of weapon systems. After this passes, can we officially entered the military service aircraft, but to be considered after the required number of initial operational capability.

Xuyong Ling said that according to the assessment of the U.S. Air Force, the Air Force's F-35A program type in 2016, initial operational capability around. According to the present disclosure of view, some stereotypes flight test subjects, such as air refueling began in Fort Worth were. But the fly-by-flight test aircraft is very risky, including the U.S. F-22, Russia's Su -35 fighter are many such models have been an accident occurred in the test. The F-35's fly-by-system software is by far the most complex control system software, F-35 can serve time, remains to be seen.

International mechanisms established to resolve the South China Sea piracy imminent
Core Tip: United Kingdom University of Central Lancashire Lancashire Law School professor of international law, Zou Keyuan 21, said life on the South China Sea, the non-traditional security issues, how to face and deal with Malacca, South China Sea, Indonesia, bear the brunt of piracy along the coast of established settlement piracy has been pressing the international mechanisms. "

 

Data Figure: China's naval escort formation waters in the Gulf of Aden arrived in the past to check on suspicious vessels.

China News Network on May 23 reported that "non-traditional security issues in the '9 * 11 'terrorist attacks, the international community and national governments face the problem; on the South China Sea in the non-traditional security issues, how to face and deal with Malacca, South China Sea, Indonesia, the problem of piracy along the coast bear the brunt of the establishment of international mechanisms to solve the problem of piracy has been imminent. "UK University of Central Lancashire Lancashire Law School, tenured professor of international law Zouke Yuan, 21, told reporters.

Research sponsored by the South China Sea, "non-traditional security cooperation in the South China Sea International Symposium" held here, this is the first South China Sea International Symposium on Non-traditional security issues, from the international community more than 40 experts and scholars attended, including international law, international relations, conflict management and resolution expert, and government consultant, United Nations officials.

Professor Zou said that at present no international rules against piracy, countries have the right to arrest and how to dispose of pirates no basis in international law. Some countries, the sanctions under its domestic law, pirates, there are some countries, not domestic law the provisions of piracy as a crime and the criminal prosecution of suspected pirates in the procedure for initiating effective terms.

To this end, on April 27 the UN Security Council resolution 1918 (2010), which requested the United Nations Secretary-General to the Security Council within 3 months to submit a report listing what programs can be used to promote the prosecution and imprisonment for those who want to Somalia coast responsible for acts of piracy and armed robbery of people.

Professor Zou, said, "non-traditional security" covers the political, military, diplomatic and other traditional security areas other than safety, is a relatively new concept, from the perspective of international relations or international law, there are more than 20 kinds of explanations. Among marine issues involved "non-traditional security" issues, including piracy, navigation safety, marine resources management and conservation, marine environmental protection, climate change induced sea-level rise.

Professor Zou Keyuan is an internationally renowned expert in international law, focusing on oceans and international environmental law research, worked in Dalhousie University, Peking University, China, Germany, Hannover University and National University of Singapore to work in the "International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law", " Ocean Development and International Law "," Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce "and more than 30 international journal papers published over 50 articles and monographs published in more than law of the sea.
 

U.S. launch of the fifth generation artificial intelligence-based carrier fighter concept (Figure)

Core Tip: U.S. Navy held in early May annual equipment show, many new-concept weapons were first disclosed, Boeing's fifth-generation (U.S. Department of Standards) carrier aircraft F / A-XX program the most unique was its simultaneous release driving and two versions of the idea of unmanned, so people no combat system in the future status of the battlefield created a new perception.

 

Future U.S. Navy F / A-XX aircraft carrier manned models, similar to the F-22 and the mortality of A-12 "Avenger," a mix of carrier-based attack aircraft

Youth Reference May 23 report in early May annual equipment exhibition held in the U.S. Navy, the number of new-concept weapons were for the first time disclosed to the outside world to glimpse into the U.S. over the next 30 years Equipment Development. In a dazzling display in the fifth generation of Boeing (U.S. Department of Standards) carrier aircraft F / A-XX program the most unique, simultaneous launch of its manned and unmanned two versions of the idea, let people no combat system in the future status of the battlefield created a new awareness.

Artificial Intelligence grab pilot jobs

According to the U.S. "military technology" website on May 15 reported that the poster posted at Boeing, the two smooth lines F / A-XX aircraft take off together. The appearance of two almost identical, the only difference is that in which a fighter pilot cockpit not see the whole body up and down, replaced by an artificial intelligence control device. In the traditional view, the unmanned fighter aircraft and it was compared, regardless of appearance or performance are significant differences, therefore, F / A-XX is quite a bold design.

U.S. dare to use the next main fighter plane, "one machine and two type" of design, of course, with convenient logistical considerations, but also reflects the military's confidence in the Unmanned Combat System - the future of the UAV without specially designed, can to complete the mission was the same machine. In the process, more and more pilots will inevitably encounter the "unemployment crisis."

Statistics support this view best. In the first 4 months, has 440 UAV operators in the U.S. Air Force School graduate, graduated from the same period was only 414 fighter pilots. In the foreseeable future, the difference between the two will be further widened. U.S. military released early, "from 2020 to 2047 fighting unmanned aircraft systems program," the report predicts that by 2020, UAV procurement funding will go to 55 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 40 years in this century peak.

U.S. military reliance on unmanned aircraft hit

In the Pentagon view, regardless of intelligence gathering or attacks on the implementation of the task, no fighter planes of "zero casualties" and a "high success rate" properties, all people prefer for me. In addition, public pressure prompted the U.S. to increase UAV is an important factor in the war effort, provided Gallup poll, less than 25% of people support Obama In Afghanistan - Pakistani theater of military operations, as speed up the progress of the war, the U.S. military reliance on unmanned aerial vehicles will continue to increase.

May issue of Russia's "Air Time" magazine papers, in 2006, while U.S. troops in Afghanistan can only be sent out 12 unmanned aircraft, has increased to more than 50 aircraft. U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates has hinted that the next generation of heavy bombers the United States is likely to be unmanned, Joint Chiefs Mike Mullen, said more altogether - F-35 is probably the last one kind of manned fighter aircraft the U.S. military. In fact, the U.S. military UAV's expectations much more than that it was envisaged that future UAVs will be responsible for the global fast attack, dominating the air, air refueling and even outer space combat, gradually deprived of manned aircraft, "the right war . "

Many other countries also the potential of the unmanned combat system, dumping, are actively followed up. Right now, South Korean Air Force Training Command is actively operating, hoping to God but the mind that do not fit flexible trainees sent to Nellis Air Force Academy ordnance studies, where the world's best driving UAV operator training course.

"Sounding rebel" is the biggest hidden trouble

In the surging "no war" voices, some military experts warn cool: As the unmanned aerial vehicles like the weapons are from the control, and weapons designers are often anxious, often rush to the outcome of immature technology into the battlefield, which will lead to accelerated development of artificial intelligence out of control. In view of artificial intelligence may mutate so that no one should be moral combat system, or humanity will pay the price.

In 2008, the U.S. military had 3 sets of carrying weapons would be a "sword" type of battle droids deployed to Iraq, but these "machines fighters" do terrible things: the gun pointed at their human commanders, leading to its deployment front only 11 hours after being recalled. Thus, the unmanned combat systems in a real, must operate side no casualties as the absolute prerequisite, if this problem is not solved, the development of such weapons will be greatly suppressed.
 

Why in the history of the Mongolian cyclone flash in the pan?

Proud Son of Heaven Genghis Khan established the Mongol Empire, cavalry whiplash, vertical and horizontal world, a whirlwind swept across Eurasia, swept east with west. Bing Feng pointed out, all-conquering. Historical Territory of China established the imperial dynasty, the most vast, beautiful insufferably arrogant. However, from the founding of Genghis Khan to Kublai Jianyuan, only just gone through 60 years, Empire will be split. Then, after less than a century, Yuan Shun, who favored retired from the North to escape, the rule of the Mongol Empire in China, also came to an end. "Mongolian cyclone," the rise so fast is so hurried the end of the reason, it is worth pondering.

Mongolia in "Old Tang," called the Mongolian Wu Shiwei, originated south of this Heilongjiang. After the Turkish invasion of the East, Shiwei Department and Turk, the gradual extension of Mohe hybrid interest. Tang off Turk, its tribes began to move west along Mobei, civilized grow slowly. Chuji in the "Famine" in the first use of "Mongolia" word, and then be used. About the Mongol Empire in a very short time to rapidly rise, road guards that four reasons: First, the choice of history; 2, the birth of a hero; third, the right time; 4, an ambitious expansion.

First, the inevitable change in the North, historical brewing Xilian results. Northern China area has been inhabited Mobei, their consumption in developing this he rose, from time to time change, but the interval will soon appear there will be a strong nation, united Mobei. After the Huns is Xianbei, then the difference is from Turkic, Uighur Khanate strong. The wounds of war to the strong family once a time is difficult to recover. Since Uighur perished in 846 years to the founding of Genghis Khan in 1206, has been Mobei 300 years there have been no powerful tribes, and tribes of Mongolia has not suffered heavy losses in previous wars, the development of faster, so quietly to the rise of Mongolia, is history out Xilian inevitable.

Second, the birth Proud Son of Heaven, so that the development of tribal menace. The rise in the North seem to have the birth of an elite, XiongNuMaoDu, Donghu, Tumen and the Uighur Turks of GuLi Philo and so on. The Temujin can be said that the enduring genius of a battlefield, a visionary genius savage. His mind of military strategy, calm sophistication, Tolerance and strong, a Jagged ruthless, leader of the authority would strengthen the morale of the tribes, Temujin command well and the gradual harmonization of ministries, laid the foundation for future rule the roost. 1206, Temujin brought together tribes in turn difficult to Heyuan, by Genghis Khan appellation, the establishment of a "Great Mongolia", a Mongolian cyclone swept through Europe and Asia, then the rise.

Third, the situation surrounding the country's recession, the rise coincides with the best time. Mongolian Song confrontation coincided with the rise of the time when payment of the small tribes, the rise depends Yong Han, in conjunction with the Southern Song after song the Liao years of war, both the weak interaction strength, gold ease to enjoy after the Central Plains, intrepid nature see decline, unable to control the rise of Mongolia; Mobei tribalism and weaken each other expedition, Temujin Vertically and Horizontally, fish in troubled waters in which travel; Western Arab Empire (known to history as big in the food) splitting failure; Western civilization and prosperous area but strength weak and vulnerable; Hui He and the Western Turks of Mongolia Ministry of Public allegiance to the Western Regions to the West opened the door, which is one reason why Temujin successful expedition.

Fourth, gradually conquered plunder deep desire to inspire the ambitious expansion. Road guards that may have vertical and horizontal start Temujin world, the east-west blueprint. Just as the predatory campaign, he and his followers increasingly strong desire to only gradually appetites. Particularly prosperous Western conquest, the victory brought pleasure and enjoyment of wealth stimulated the blood of the spraying tribal Zhang, Temujin and his followers also trample ambition to conquer even more inflated, the conquering a city as open land Pijiang happy of this.

Can be said that the rise of the Mongol Empire is a historical choice, also came into being, and a myriad of ethnic sturdy folk customs, look for a rise on the best time. So why has the rise of the Mongolian whirlwind whirlwind swept through Eurasia, last but not lasting an extent which rendered it flash in the pan? Road guards think that one reason for no more than five points. 1, plundering the nation mettle 使然; Second, political mismanagement; 3, Huoqixiaoqiang; 4, grandiose. 5, deep-rooted nationalist ideology.

First, predatory natures 使然 nation. Savage nation has always been targeted by predatory possession, so just to enjoy the occupation, in order to plunder and conquest. Mongolia as a nomadic, predatory hunting, physical natural fit and ferocious fighting nature, which is common in the North. But because of the poor only to martial rule. Temujin system practiced by the chief captain, while on the campaign effectively govern the country has little deterrent effect. Later Kublai Jianyuan province after the system is implemented only in name, mixed unbearable. But feel better than other people, but do not want to learn the advanced nations, the Yuan Dynasty emperors, most Chinese do not pass, let alone other languages, only Ren period of Kublai Khan and more Peace and Prosperity, the rest mostly dissolute emperor ignorance, even better facilities for ogadai Lok Yan also has its cruel dissolute side. Four Empire's rule is a predatory exploitation of the main features of this self-serving narrow-minded nationalism, its ruling will not be long.

2, politically improper operation, weak rule base. Mongolian innate predatory makes them possessive overwhelmingly strong, Temujin and his successor, to achieve a permanent land occupation introduced feudal system, but also planted the seeds of division. Kublai Khan ruled China for the establishment of Tai Yuen, while the other four dependent Empire were actually independent, ogadai the Sun Hai are more joint Chagatai, Kipchak Khanate rebelled against Kublai Khan, Mongol Khan's orders have been can not access the country, since the emperor Kublai Khan in 1271 after Chien-yuan, only 60 years of the Mongol Empire reached its heyday of the Trans-Europe and Asia, but in essence it is the beginning of split recession can be said that great Mongol Empire since Kublai Jianyuan had collapsed; Mongolia colonial conquest is conquest, and always by the narrow "tribal thinking" of the constraints, only knew predatory exploitation, or even the Central Plains into the absurd idea of pasture; neglect in China must be strong and the implementation of the human race in four other systems, deepening ethnic conflicts; another is to realize the rule of Tibet, believed in Lamaism, with the result Lama followers ride roughshod stop at no evil in the land of China, Buddhist people and from the cost of office take violent, confused times of hardship; in monetary policy, abandoned coins, switch to wire money, resulting in "line of not long, the price Teng Chung, then ten times the price", these are the result of politically improper operation, resulting in its rule foundation is weak, exposed the weakness of plunder of national shallow and narrow.

Third, internal disputes led to Huoqixiaoqiang descent. Temujin brothers, the eldest son Jochi suspicion is due to contempt for the exclusion of children begging for wild species, after the expedition never came back, alone, according to Kipchak Khanate. Montgomery's death, Kublai held company abandoned the traditional tribal system, ranging from the General Assembly will be elected stand to sweat, then emperor, led to his brother, Brother Ali is not self-proclaimed Mobei, ogadai the Hai-northwest rebellion all. Temujin many children, and there are fiefdoms and power, Great Yuan Empire, west of the four relatively independent, the royal family's internal strife has not stopped the killings, particularly in the descent of the occasion is not absolutely dispute. Huoqixiaoqiang, this top is the debilitating internal friction.

Fourth, the nature of greatness and success led to a warlike front stretch. The boundaries of the Mongol Empire can be said is unprecedented, and west of today's Poland and Austria hit, hit the south of Java, north to the Arctic Ocean, has twice invaded eastern Japan (unsuccessful), created the unprecedented dominance of the territory, but also because the front too long, it is difficult balanced. Jagged massacre of the high-handed policy and can not lay a solid basis for the rule. The large number of clues hidden, meaning from all over will be overwhelmed once.

5, led to nationalist ideology of racial exclusion is more entrenched. To the great Kublai Khan established in China as example, the implementation of the racial hierarchy, even deepened the ethnic. Mongolians consider themselves a superior race, and so is excluded 34 from Wu Han, and Han has always had ethnic and historical sense of superiority, nationalist ideology, not only in the upper, even if also deeply rooted in folk, this ideological mutually exclusive and can not be changed by oppressive rule. Although the bottom surface of all yield to the ruler, but in actuality, but there is always the idea of resistance. The aliens in oppression and all kinds of unequal treatment, it is brewing in virtually built the foundation of nationalism, if it is irresistible outbreak. Late Yuan natural disasters around the pack into the sky, just outside one of the reasons and timing of fills and such resistance from the internal of thought and meaning which has been brewing.

Temujin in 1206 from Heyuan in turn difficult to build empires, to Kublai Khan in 1271 Chien-yuan, the Mongol Empire just went through 60 years of glory will be split into a century later, the most powerful empire in the demise of the Yuan dynasty, ending Mongol rule in China, four Empire has perished then decline (which WoKuoTaiHan before extinction in the Yuan Dynasty and the Chagatai Khanate are), disappeared in the long course of history. "Mongolia cyclone" in Eurasia from wind waves off the Jingtao rate waves only. History is cruel to be true. The above analysis is the way the guards only to read the history of personal experience, do not break the meaning of ethnic discrimination, and no idea of provoking ethnic disputes. China is now implementing the policy of multi-national unity and popularity. Brothers and sisters of all ethnic groups coexist in harmony, share weal and woe, hard-earned excellent situation, we should cherish.
 

Come out of China to promote the anti-aircraft missile radar deployed in real terms

Core Tip: 12 to 14 May, the seventh China International Defense Electronics Exhibition on China's first public display of "high-frequency surface wave radar" of great concern. This accurate detection range of up to 300 km above the vehicle radar can detect ships, aircraft and missile activities goals. Foreign media that the ground wave radar of the public, means that China's "anti-aircraft missiles" into a real combat deployment phase.

 

Data for: the network spread in China OSMAR OTH Radar Experiment Station

 

Data for: medium-range Dongfeng-21 ballistic missiles, reconnaissance satellites in the absence of adequate support for premise networks, to detect enemy radar is the most practical means of large vessels

Global Times reported May 21 May 12 to 14, the Seventh China International Defense Electronics Exhibition held in Beijing, at China's first public display of "high-frequency surface wave radar" of great concern. This accurate detection range of up to 300 km above the radar vehicle can be deployed on the coast, the detection of China's exclusive economic zone, and can detect ships, aircraft and missile activities goals. Foreign media that the advent of ground wave radar, means that China's "anti-aircraft missiles" into a real combat deployment phase.

This year in March, China's "Liberation Army Daily," disclosed the East China Sea Fleet install new radar unit out the situation, the report refers to "enemy ship had just left the deck of the carrier aircraft, was captured new radar," which aroused speculation about the outside world. Retired Admiral Lanning Li of Taiwan in March this year, "Asia-Pacific defense," the magazine that the author believes that the mainland has been equipped with a can-the-horizon detection of ground wave radar.

United States, "Defense News," said China confirmed on display outside the ground wave of speculation. But China did not emphasize which exhibitors radar for military purposes. According to reports, this number is OSMAR-071/081 series of high-frequency ground wave radar is the only armed forces in accordance with military standards and is developing products using the ground wave radar, currently has a portable, car, private islands, such as fixed and products. Since the jurisdiction of China's vast sea, to sea on the effective management and control, there must be corresponding large, long-range detection means, to just make up my radar early warning aircraft and coastal defense radar deficiencies. OSMAR-071 radar was started in the South China Sea Jianzhan the end of 2009.

According to experts, surface wave radar, and space-wave radar is the detection of two major instruments on the sea, they are high-frequency radio waves by launching the work. Radar's work day is to launch the atmosphere in high-frequency radio signals ionosphere, when the waves reach the ionosphere, will be reflected to the ground. Days of radar detection range of more than 3,000 kilometers, can be remote detection. However, the days of radar need to build a few hundred meters of the radar antenna, detection results are also susceptible to ionospheric disturbances. The United States developed in 1961 days on radar, in addition to local deployment, the deployment is being stepped up in Japan.

Ground Wave Principle is different. As the sea is a good conductor of radio waves, ground wave radio waves transmitted along the surface of the sea "crawl", it can break through the horizon to detect targets 300 kilometers away. Although the detection range is shorter, but the size of a small surface wave radar to detect and more accurately. United States and Russia since the 60s of last century began research and development, ahead of China.

As can be carried out in the sea-horizon precision detection, outside the radar of the speculation focused on "anti-aircraft carrier operations" on. Lanning Li believes that China began as early as 1967, research and development in radar systems. Ground wave radar deployment, that "anti-aircraft missiles" into the actual combat deployment phase. Lanning Li stressed that the PLA anti-ship ballistic missile is a complex integrated system, forming a complete "anti-chain." China to further strengthen the defense industry has taken a regional anti-ship ballistic missiles against the scope of the present work is to ensure that the various intelligence and reconnaissance and command and control system to ensure that anti-ship missile hit the aircraft carrier 1500-2000 km from the fighting group.
 

Pacific war last battle

Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands, the largest island in the Pacific end of the war, where as the shielding of the southern gateway to mainland Japan by the Japan-US military's attention and engage in a shaking, Qi Guishen the bloody battle. Marine Division at the end of a hellish experience peleliu island after re go into battle, to meet the division in the Pacific war's final battle. Rijun at this time are familiar with the U.S. military's combat routine, have hiding in a strong underground fortifications, the fight to the last one, Okinawa, the marines, its hard and terror does not Bi Peili less sulfur, and many people will never buried here, a chapter of marines little footnote to the glory years ... ...

 

    Okinawa air vertical view, the Chinese original and its surrounding islands collectively known as the Ryukyu Islands, the map view is consistent with the map, the North under the South, Southern is the main battlefield of the Battle of Okinawa. April 1945, the U.S. military's counter-attack had been approaching the southern gate of Japan - Ryukyu Islands, as early as October 1944 on the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Nimitz to the Pacific theater commander in chief issued an order requiring him to develop operational plan, taking the Ryukyu Islands in one or more islands, mainland Japan, as the end of 1945 the forward landing base for U.S. forces eventually selected the largest island of the archipelago of Okinawa, operations, code named "Iceberg", this assembly 10 divisions of ground troops, about 18 million people, including three Marine divisions and 7 infantry divisions, the first of which 1,6 Marine Division as the first round of the first to attack the landing force, 2nd Marine Division as a reserve, Transport and cover the landing force of naval vessels and 1,200 ships, aircraft, more than 1300, the entire Pacific War, the largest amphibious landing operation.

    Japan Saipan in June 1944 after the fall of Okinawa to proceed to strengthen the defense, because the Japanese know that once the stronghold of the fall of Okinawa, mainland Japan, the Korean Peninsula and China's coastal sea air will be completely lost, must be every effort to ensure long-term stick battle to gain time for the organization of the local community, to the U.S. before landing, the Japanese defenders of Okinawa, including two divisions and a brigade group, together with various ancillary units to a total of 10 million people, and mountain building in central and southern islands a perfect defensive positions, soldiers hoarding grain, trying to stick to. Battle of Okinawa on April 1, 1945 started and continued for nearly three months, the U.S. military under the stiff resistance in the Japanese casualties more than 7 million people, and 10 million Japanese defenders annihilated.
 
 
Battle of Okinawa, the U.S. military to fight the Japanese army's last, and therefore also particularly fierce battle. Both sides of this war has killed several senior generals, including Ri Jun 32 Jun respect to full general, commander of the island cattle, he took the Ryukyu Islands of defense responsibilities. In the battle of the final phase with long-yong, chief of staff Lieutenant General with ritual suicide, compared with the U.S. military commander of the 10th Army General Bucknall, he was responsible for direct ground combat during the Battle of Okinawa, unfortunately, was Rijun artillery attack, shot death.
 
  Ximengbake Canal
    U.S. Army General, 10, commander of the group. In April 1945 to June during the Battle of Okinawa island, the ground operations command. In the battle near the end of June 18, Bucknall inspection at the front face Rijun artillery attack, shot and killed, the U.S. military in the Pacific battlefield officers who died in one of the highest rank. [More]
    Ushijima Man
    Japanese army generals, 32 Jun 1944, as commander in chief of the Ryukyu Islands in the defense mission. During the Battle of Okinawa, the island cattle being encouraged by the success of the initial defensive operations and the headquarters of the pressure, hastily fight back, suffered significant losses. War to June 23, the Japanese have been gunned, the island filled with beef, chief of staff in the southern Okinawa cave hara-kiri. [More]
 
 
 
Okinawa battle Rijun excessive force was not set up at the airport to conduct defense, because they know that the U.S. military's "Vandergrift" formidable amount of ammunition, plus Morijima compared with the U.S. troops really limited , and so the contraction in the southern mountainous region Zhu Li, and the U.S. where the confrontation took place a long time and hard-fought.
 
 

    Okinawa Marines on board, by the Iwo Jima beaches must have affected a lot of people think that hard-fought (above). 32 Army responsible for defense of Japan Okinawa, which is the main commander of the 32nd Army photo (below). Pleasant occupation of the airport

     Okinawa battle broke out on April 1, 1945, the film that has a direct jump to the beginning of May 1945. Here briefly introduced to this past month or what happened. April 1 date, the U.S. four divisions (two Marine Division 2 infantry divisions) than in the western Okinawa Chuan Hsieh, Reading Valley and other places of the beach landing, of which Eugene is located in the Marine landing 5 groups located in the north than the mouth thank Chuan Huang Beach; and 2 in the previous Marine Division in Okinawa in the southern waters of the feint to attract Rijun attention. U.S. forces landed in the islands, the main goal is to read the central valley and Kadena two major airports, the U.S. military thought the Japanese certainly have been fierce resistance, Eugene warning unit commanders that they may have to bear 85 % of the casualties; but the result you may know, the Japanese in the beaches and virtually no resistance, the two airports are also good in the U.S. fell to the hands.

    Japanese main force was concentrated in the south

    Rijun not taken against two major reasons, first, the U.S. military preparations for the landing in front of fire is too hot, and the U.S. will be fighting in the beachhead suffered heavy losses; Second, the island Rijun strength is limited, the main force for the Army two divisions plus a brigade group, with these forces to be deployed on the island of Okinawa Some stretched, so the Japanese main force will simply install in the islands south and central regions of basic undefended, only a small number of troops in northern stationed. The Reading Valley and Kadena Rijun original plan was to blow up the U.S. military landing, but this guard is the militia of Okinawa, there is no fighting, see the U.S. military landing agents just quickly disappeared, so that U.S. troops seized without firing a shot a great deal.

    South line of hard

    U.S. forces rapidly from east, south and north were advancing in three directions, breezy to only 3 days to 11 days to complete the original objectives: One 1st Marine Division, and six divisions to the central and northern advance, while the ground forces were embarked on the south. South line of U.S. troops soon encountered the Japanese army's first line of defense (Mu Hong Kong - Kakazu - West of the original - and Yu Qing) and into a bitter struggle, the 1st Marine Division is now central and northern islands to continue their day easier. South line of the U.S. military after 2 weeks bloody battle, the Japanese finally broke the first line of defense in late April, the Japanese began to retreat from the front line of defense (safety in Highland - Maeda - Kochi - Wavelet-chun). 1st Marine Division on April 30 was transferred to the south of the battlefield to replace step 27 teachers, commitment to the task of the western line of attack, on May 6, land south of 6 teachers also joined the battle to take over the land west of Division 1 front.
 
 

    Sweet bread from the mountains to see the last half mountain, this is the place where Eugene was fighting, one after a messy battle. Briefly introduced the previous month after we returned to the film, although that was the beginning of May, but in the end describe the day's fighting, but a time is difficult to judge. According to Eugene's memoirs and other background of the film behind the scenes have a lot of mountains to its place in a half (for example, the body covered with maggots down the mountain) event match to determine the Eugene and others occupy half the mountain is Mt.

    Sweet Sugar Loaf Mountain and a half months (Sugar Loaf), Horseshoe Mountain (Horse shoe) are all located in Shuri Castle in the western area of security, the Japanese mountain sweet bread called "On Lane 52 Heights." This three mountain horns into each other, which end in the northwest mountains of sweet bread, half mountain in the eastern mountains in the south horseshoe; three mountain is not high, the highest mountain of sweet bread, and only 70 meters high, but nevertheless Here indeed is a fierce fighting broke out in the Okinawa campaign one of the fiercest ground combat: the Japanese firepower in three mountain clouds, the mountains in the south and the first in the city have fire support, which in mid-May 6, Marine Division spent almost 10 days to win these basic hill, and about 4,000 people paid the downsizing of the heavy price. But the Japanese are reluctant to give up, continued shelling of this area and infiltration.
 
 

    In the Pacific, the Japanese prisoners of war have always been very "valuable" and (above). Tied to the performance of a play on the bomb charge of women suicide bombers in Okinawa, which is also true in some (below). Ri Jun general vow to fight to the death

    Film describes the situation of the Japanese prisoners of war. In the Pacific, as Ri Jun general vow to fight to the death, so there are very few U.S. prisoners of war captured in the Battle of Tarawa in 1943 more than 4,000 Japanese defenders, only 12 were captured; 11, 1944 Perry campaign on Okinawa at the end of the island, only 19 million Yushou Jun Japanese captured. In the battle of Okinawa, close by the end of May the first in the city captured by U.S. forces, U.S. forces killed a total of 62,000 own statistics Rijun people, but only 465 individuals captured. Rijun not drop a connection, the U.S. military false surrender so afraid of Japanese direct killing is a major cause of trouble, so the film Marines will say they do not take prisoners.

    Young men who pulled in Okinawa

    After the battle of Okinawa, but the first time the Japanese surrendered to the organized group, a total of 9000 Rijun become prisoners of war, it's not that Japanese troops began to wish to surrender, but because many of them young men of the Okinawa people are being drawn. There is one more interesting data, when the United States in the country to establish a large number of Axis prisoners of war held prisoner of war camp, ended in May 1945, a total number of prisoners is 3,900 Japanese prisoners of war, the Italian prisoners of war held the number is 5 million the number of German prisoners of war detained 37 people. But the Japanese soldiers in POW camps are also very honest, in August 1944 in Australia had an outbreak of Japanese prisoners of war camp, a prisoner of war riots, resulting in four Australian soldiers and 231 Japanese prisoners of war, death, Australia has a very innocent way after Hearing that his organization fully respects the implementation of the Geneva Conventions did not abuse.

    Civilian casualties in Okinawa

    Okinawa civilians in the mentioned films, then have control of the Ryukyu Islands, although Rijun decades and forced the implementation of Japanese language education, but apparently the residents of Okinawa have not fully assimilated. Battle of Okinawa in Okinawa, many of his family north of civilians fleeing the fighting in the southern islands, while the U.S. military will be all of them locked up in concentration camps set up specifically to prevent a Rijun infiltration; a small number of relatively good performance is selected as the U.S. army translator. Battle of Okinawa civilians suffered heavy casualties, they either died of the US-Japan cross-fire of both sides, or listen to the Japanese propaganda suicide, or the Japanese blew with stress, or escape the trench by the U.S. military sealing of export suffocated in the tunnel , the other end of the island campaign estimated the number of civilians lost 10 million or more.
 
 

May 30, 1945 A Division 1st Marine Regiment, 1 Battalion in the first to rise in the first flag of the division (left). Army's 77th Division soldiers are listening to Victory radio (right). 77th Infantry Division Army robbed of power

    The film centers around a half hill shooting, but in fact Eugene where they stayed only a week, and soon they were put in the tough fight on the first and subsequent operations south; the first occupation of the first group in the land 5 1 Camp, Eugene's brother forces. In fact, 77 was the first infantry division in the eyes of objects Marines are brothers in the army without permission first to step under the occupation, even after the occupation of step 77 teachers also kept in the dark also intend to first in the final wave artillery attack, but fortunately at the last minute to inform the friendly marines. Although accidental injury avoided, but really the 77th division commander angry half dead, went directly to where the U.S. 10th Army commander Buckner complain.

    Confederate flag on the island of Okinawa

    There is also a small episode, was first raised in the first years is not the Stars and Stripes, but the Civil War confederate flag south, which account for a large number of southerners, including Eugene cheers, but there is no way a small number of northerners , while Buckner's father was once a Yugoslav Army officer, probably so he stood on the Marines side. Confederate flag that was later face the marines sent to Buckner as a trophy, but he at June 18 when killed in the inspection line.
 
 

Bucknall last a picture taken before his death, when he was inspecting the front (above). B-29 flew in groups of Okinawa, is that it dropped two atomic bombs the Japanese surrender (below). U.S. forces killed two generals

Eugene in June participated in the fighting in southern Okinawa, mainly mountainous and the country with the seat platform of fighting Kyrgyzstan, its 5 in the Marine 3rd Battalion of the first group arrived in southern coastal islands, the U.S. military. Battle of Okinawa ended at the end of June 1945, casualties on both sides are alarmingly high, the U.S. military ground combat casualties as high as 4 million people, while more than 20,000 non-combat losses; U.S. military dead, including the 10th Army Commander Barker Na and 96 infantry division deputy commander Lieutenant General 伊斯雷准将; 7, 1st Marine Division 3rd Battalion of the regiment I even changed the entire campaign has appointed company commander 6; and Eugene land where the 3rd Battalion Group 5 K with the Battle of Okinawa in 1944 when Perry participated in a total of 235 people, until the end of the Okinawa campaign, these people did not die did not hurt, and only about 10 people!

    B-29: Japan over the locust

After the battle of 1st Marine Division had planned to Hawaii, but in the end they were left in Okinawa, in July to Okinawa stationed in northern headquarters on the peninsula. The cut-off June 30, 1945, the total number of U.S. Marines reached 476,709 people, compared with July 1940 increased by 17 times when. Eugene's memoirs that he was informed that the atomic bomb in August 8, 1945, 2 days after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, the film appeared in B-29 fleet, and I turned about 8 August day, B-29's bombing of records: 381 B-29 and 100 fighters attacked Hachiman (21% destruction of the city), Tokyo, Fukuyama (city 73% destroyed), and Osaka; one days after the second atomic bomb attack on Nagasaki, another in such a blow, the Japanese finally decided to surrender to the Allies.
 
 
Ninth Pacific focus, the war entered the final critical stage, gunned the Japanese began to the launch suicide attacks, and even the impact of U.S. civilians as human shields, and also that the problem of the concentrated focus does not appear in previous equipment.
 
  Apprentice Mauser: 99 type rifles
    99 rifles to replace the power of the Japanese Army and the penetration effect of the product of less than 38 rifles. In order to increase their lethality and penetrating power rifle fired 7.7 × 58mm rifle shells. Play Rijun very little appears to shoot, mostly fitted with bayonets, a "class set charge." [More]
   Butter tube: M3 submachine gun
    M3 submachine gun is the end of World War II the U.S. produced a kind of excellent submachine gun, rifle is designed to replace the original equipment units M1A1 submachine gun, but too late because equipment units, so do not do well on the battlefield in World War II performance. [More]
 
  Revolvers reproduction: M1917 type pistol
    M1917-style revolver is a wartime army weapons and equipment, general equipment and a revolver was different, rifle through a folder will be three rounds of bullets into half shells nest, rather than a one-loading. Rifle quality of larger, less effective range. [More]
   Super Fortress: B-29 heavy bombers
    If you selected the world's most successful bomber, certainly should be the B-29 Superfortress bombers. In World War II, B-29 bombers made remarkable victories, but we all recognized, is the B-29 bombers to the Pacific War ended early. [More]
 
 
  
  
    Battle of Okinawa, the U.S. aircraft carrier Bunker Hill (USS Bunker Hill, CV -17) 5 月 11 was today hit by two Kamikaze, the death of 346 people, 43 missing, 264 injured. The plot of the play by reading the letter the performance of this historical fact.
 
    

  
  
    A symbol of Japan's navy - "Japan" was exploded by the U.S. warplanes hit the scene.
 

South Korea condemned the United States and Japan led to "Tian" was the behavior of the sinking ship alert
Core Tip: 20 May, South Korea announced the "Tian An" alert No. sunken ship's official finding that the ship is subjected to a small North Korean submarine-launched torpedo attack and sank. Subsequently, the United States and Japanese governments, respectively, "strongly condemned" cause "Tian An" act sank.

Video Description: The United States and Japan led South Korea condemned the "Tian" was the behavior of the sinking ship alert
 

May 20, Korean investigators for the accident in the waters of the evidence collected shows. The day, South Korea, "Tian" was announced joint military-civilian mission, said the official results and comprehensive look at all the evidence, the Navy's "Tian An" alert No. Korean ship was subjected to a small submarine-launched torpedo attack and sank. Xinhua / Associated Press

Xinhua Beijing on May 20 Xinhua integrated agency in Washington and Tokyo press reports, South Korea on the 20th to announce the "Tian An" No. guard vessel sank a formal survey, the U.S. and Japanese governments, respectively, "strongly condemned" cause "Tian" No. sinking behavior.

The White House said in a statement, South Korea, "Tian" was published in joint military-civilian mission official investigation concluded that North Korea created the attack. Lead to "Tian" sank unacceptable behavior, the attack constituted a challenge to international peace and security.

It is reported that Japanese Prime Minister Hatoyama Yukio day also consult the relevant cabinet members, to journalists that "strongly condemned" cause "Tian An" act sank, and decided to provide support to South Korea.

South Korean Navy, "Tian An" alert No. ship on March 26 while on duty in South Korea because of the western waters of the explosion which sank the ship, only 58 of 104 officers and men survived. South Korea joint military-civilian mission on the 20th officially released the findings said, "Tian" was a small North Korean submarine was launched torpedo attack and sank. A spokesman for the DPRK National Defense Commission, said in a statement the same day, South Korea this finding purely a "fabrication", will send a delegation to South Korea's National Defense Commission inspection to verify the evidence.

U.S. report said more needed to combat long-range stealth counter the PLA's combat capability
Core Tip: U.S. Centre for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, recently issued a new report, said the U.S. needs to develop more long-range strike capability invisible to counter the operational network in China. The possible outbreak of the Sino-US conflict, the first phase of the battle for China to achieve the purpose of preventing "fatal blow" to prevent the first attack in China that is the key priority is to eliminate the targeting of precision guided weapons in China means.

 

Data Figure: U.S. fleet of B-2 stealth bombers

 

Data Figure: Lockheed Martin is the Afghan secret test P-175 "Kandahar Beast" stealth UAV

LONDON May 21 reported that the Defense Science and Technology website, said 18 Papers, Centre for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, recently issued a new report, "Air sea battle: the concept of starting operations," said the U.S. needs to develop more long-range stealth attack capability, with to counter the operational network in China.

Reported that China's military modernization is designed to be placed on U.S. military bases and naval vessels under their precision-guided missiles, limiting air and sea in the western Pacific and receive free access to the implementation of freedom of movement. Over time, China's Strengthening anti-intervention / regional blockade "combat network" will present "American way of war" pay a high price.

China's extensive coverage of the "aircraft carrier killer" anti-ship ballistic missile is the best example of the military balance transfers - ship missile can exist as a symbol of U.S. military power and global threat to aircraft carrier.

However, according to the U.S. Centre for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, said Executive Director 安德鲁克雷 Pineiweiqi emphasized, the concept of air, sea battle does not mean war with China or to reduce China's influence in the Western Pacific. It should be seen as a "hedging strategy", reiterated that the U.S. will abide by maintaining its military presence in the Asia Pacific region, the Alliance and influence commitment.

Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, the concept of air, sea operations envisaged a two-stage battle. In the first stage, the United States and its allies in China, the U.S. military base in the western Pacific (especially the airport) to launch a pre-emptive attack survivors. Envisaged in the report, the U.S. missile defense and not just rely on measures such as hardening base. In the People's Liberation Army reconnaissance attacks, the United States will soon launch a counterattack to undermine China's precise targeting ability of fixed targets and ships, and conduct battle damage assessment.

Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, said Jim Thomas, the "blind campaign" is the empty core of the concept of sea warfare. People's Liberation Army's investigative system and targeting system is involved in its anti-war network of "fatal vital." Place in the Western Pacific in any confrontation, the PLA is still huge and growing reserves of precision-guided missiles are an important advantage. If these missiles can not be guided, these deadly weapons will be useless.

If China lost situational awareness over the horizon, the U.S. Navy warship will regain freedom of maneuver, and close to the capacity of mainland China. If the allies had not been the PLA Air Force Base missile bombardment, then the short-range tactical aircraft can also be close to mainland China. "Blinding campaign" includes network attacks. People's Liberation Army space assets will become the target of attacks, and U.S. fighter aircraft would interfere with the PLA electronic radar and sensors, marine guard post will also become the target of the United States.

In the "blind campaign", the United States would land / sea-based people / no hidden assets of the People's Liberation Army fixed and mobile missile launchers to attack. It will also use the stand-off weapons systems and electronic warfare, air defense line in the People's Liberation Army shot a gap. At the same time, the United States Navy warships and submarines locking People's Liberation Army, and to prevent their entry into the high seas.

If the campaign aims to stop the first phase of China to achieve "fatal blow" to win the second stage is protracted victory. In the campaign's second phase, Strategic and Budgetary Assessments Center forecast, the United States by targeting the mainland China Sea and supplies, to seize the initiative, and blockade China's sea lines of communication, the west Pacific to increase supplies and war materiel, the expansion of industrial precision-guided weapons production.

Thomas pointed out that the concept of sea and air combat is not the true value of the development of new war plan, but the concept of the "lens" to look at future investment decisions. Through this lens, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessment recommended the investment in some major changes to the implementation of effective ASB campaign.

Centre for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, the United States referred to most projects have emphasized stealth, long-range and fast break, layoffs and the navy and air force interoperability. Report projects and military structure of great changes, including: Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, sea and air operations center concept: a more long-range strike capability invisible, counter-network operations in China.

Reported to reduce the Guam and other western Pacific base face ballistic missile threats, the Air Force should consolidate bases in Guam, rectifying Tinian, Saipan and Pavala base, allowing dispersion plane and forced the Chinese into the U.S. plane hoax; empty Navy should jointly agreed strategy and space-based ballistic missile defense laser weapons; and Japan launched a ballistic missile defense exercise.

Moreover, the Air Force and Navy should develop time-sensitive target range strike capability, develop strategies to force the PLA to strengthen its own defense; Navy should consider developing similar to the "Tomahawk" and other conventional, relatively short-range sea-based ballistic missiles, to apply to Fleet vertical launch system tubes; the Air Force and the Navy should develop a new generation of long-range stealth use of air platforms (some machine or UAV) and the payload of these platforms; Navy aircraft carriers can use to run.

In addition, the Air Force and Navy should jointly develop long-range precision strike series, including: intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance systems, early warning systems and combat systems. Air Force should develop multi-purpose long-range stealth bombers, as the fight lasting part of a series. Navy should accelerate the development and use of carrier-based unmanned aerial vehicles; the Air Force and the Navy should develop joint command and control mechanisms, the Air Force's aircraft and the target system can be used to monitor target enemy ships;

The report said that the Air Force and the Navy should develop long-range anti-ship missiles.

Centre for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, the concept of sea-air combat points:

Long-range strike capability is more invisible, counter-network operations in China;

Air Force B-2 should be some stealth bomber offensive mining capability to the implementation of mine-laying mission in the Chinese ports;

Air Force and Navy should be to develop joint early warning platform (some machine or UAV);

Air Force and Navy to increase laser weapons research and development efforts to help land-based and sea-based missile point defense.
 

The number of U.S. troops deployed to monitor Chinese nuclear submarines to the Pacific
Core Tip: U.S. conservatives, "staff" magazine website article published on May 20, said China's "offensive" naval capabilities required to make some tough resolute choice in Washington. Moment, the Obama Government plans in the Asia Pacific region to maintain a credible force, the number of its recent disposal of nuclear submarines from the Atlantic to the Pacific, to help monitor China's submarine force.

 

Data Chart: October 19, 2006, is entering the U.S. military port in Guam, "Sea Wolf" class submarine

 

Data Figure: July 23, 2009, "Virginia" class third ship SSN-776 "Hawaii" was the deployment of the Pearl Harbor.

World Wide Web on May 21 reported that the U.S. conservatives, "staff" magazine (Human Events) Website May 20, 2010 published entitled "China's seas provocative" article on the development of the Chinese navy to comment, the article said that China expansion trade interests along with its new maritime strategy, coupled with "offensive" of naval capabilities, asked Washington to make some tough choices categorically. Moment, the Obama Government plans in the Asia Pacific region to maintain a credible force, the number of its recent disposal of nuclear submarines from the Atlantic to the Pacific, to help monitor China's submarine force.

The article first said that China seas "provocative" action, the rapid expansion of naval power and the new global strategy, and economic status that China seeks the same geo-political power. This is why the United States, or choose to tolerate the upcoming "power of the other competitors" (Peer Competitor), or with the rising power, risking the outbreak of military conflict.

Then the article mentioned that the Chinese naval fleet in the East China Sea in April of this year's action, said the Chinese police fleet through the Miyako Strait, China's ship-borne helicopters flew over the Japanese ships at close range, cause serious concern in Japan. Katsuya Okada, the Japanese foreign minister (Katsuya Okada) also accept "The Wall Street Journal" interview, expressed China's naval power and concerns about nuclear arsenals. The article also said the U.S. Navy is with China, "the victims of the conflict", in 2001 a Chinese fighter and U.S. Navy EP-3 surveillance plane collided, the U.S. plane forced to land at a Chinese airport; 2007, one of China's "Song" class submarine "dangerous" from the water close to the U.S. military exercises in the Pacific, "Kitty Hawk"; and last year China took place in the South China Sea and the U.S. Navy ships, "no time" was spy ship standoff, both sides only 25 feet away. Article commented that the incident showed that the Chinese navy is playing a new kind of "dangerous" role.

Article analyzes that China's move to seek large-scale naval trade routes not only intended to protect China's rise in "nationalist" wars in Japan and the United States - which is China's long maritime rivals. Larger Navy to improve China's national pride, contribute to the eventual realization of complete reunification of the coastline outside help to control the disputed island, where the external form of a new seat belt defense. This multi-faceted strategy of military action to promote change in China, the United States in 2010, the Pentagon's "Quadrennial Defense Review Report," that this shift: "The Chinese military began to develop new roles and prop up the task of the rise in regional and global interests the capability. "

The article added that China has experienced two decades of double-digit defense spending growth, which fundamentally enhance the naval force. 225,000 people are divided into three major naval fleet size, with 260 ships, including 75 major fighting ships and more than 60 submarines, while the U.S. Navy had 286 combat ships, though the quality is superior to the Chinese navy. U.S. Pacific Command, Admiral Willard said in March this year, the Chinese navy's development "very surprising", the main concern is that China's military modernization appears to be seeking to challenge the U.S. freedom of action in this area. The Chinese navy was "quite surprising" development would include plans to deploy two aircraft carriers by 2015, China has won four decommissioned aircraft carrier, one was from Australia, the other three from the Soviet Union (Russia), in March 21 Soviet-made aircraft carrier - "Kuznetsov" was left after the renovation of the dry dock in Dalian, and now electronic systems and weapons systems being installed.

The article also mentioned the so-called Chinese "string of pearls strategy", also referred to China from 2008 to dispatch to go to the Gulf of Aden to escort formation, two Chinese warships docked in March this year Abu Dhabi, which is the first time rely on Modern Chinese Navy Hong Kong to visit Middle East countries, China is still seeking to discuss Iran's new port of call. China's expanding trade interests along with its new maritime strategy, coupled with "offensive" of naval capabilities, which calls for Washington to make some tough choices categorically. This paper proposes the United States is still in Asia, responsible for the protection of economic and security interests of the responsibility? Now, it seems the Obama Government plans in the region to maintain a credible force, the number of its recent disposal of nuclear submarines from the Atlantic to the Pacific, to help monitor China's submarine force.

The article added that the U.S. should encourage China to tear up its military plans and intentions of the geopolitical mysteries, security cooperation programs such as joint exercises, military exchanges, to reduce tension, "mobile space" (maneuver-space) agreement can help avoid unnecessary conflicts. China is rapidly emerging as the naval power would soon become rivals such as the U.S. forces, Washington should use every opportunity to promote contacts with Beijing China (military) a transparent, credible deterrence in Asia, while maintaining cooperation with China, or U.S. economic and security interests will inevitably (and China) collisions, it is easy to the new "cold war" or worse.
 

Taliban bomb attack on NATO convoy killed four senior military officers

Core Tip: a human bomb in the Afghan capital Kabul on the 18th attacked a coalition convoy, killing 18 people died. These include five U.S. soldiers and a Canadian officer, which is NATO in Afghanistan eight months of the worst casualties in an attack.



The attack site in ruins



U.S. soldiers will blow up in the SUV from inside the body raised the



Parker, 42, Oakville, Canada who, since 2002, the war in Afghanistan, Canada has the highest level of the expense of the military officers in Afghanistan.




World Wide Web on May 21 21, reported The Associated Press reported, a suicide bomber in the Afghan capital Kabul on the 18th attacked a coalition convoy, killing 18 people died. These include five U.S. soldiers and a Canadian officer, which is NATO in Afghanistan eight months of the worst casualties in an attack.

According to the Canadian military said the attack in Kabul killed a Canadian case - 42-year-old Jiefupake (Geoff Parker) Colonel. Parker, 42, Oakville, Canada who, since 2002, the war in Afghanistan, Canada has the highest level of the expense of the military officers in Afghanistan.

Before last June, he has been based in New Brunswick gagetown Royal Canadian Infantry Regiment commander of the second camp. According to the person familiar with Parker, Parker promoted to officers from the soldiers was not surprised, "he helpful, serious, and very humorous, you let him do what he would do, and you know he will do well. Each individuals are respected him. "

U.S. Department of Defense confirmed the identities of five soldiers killed in the United States. They were: Colonel John M. Mack repair, 46 years old, from New Jersey; Lieutenant Colonel Paul R. Bartz, 43 years old, from Wisconsin; Colonel 托马斯拜克 Faure, 44 years old, from Ohio state; Sergeant Richard Thiemann, 28, from Pennsylvania; professional military Shiqiaoshuya Tomlinson, 24 years old, from Louisiana.

Afghan Taliban have claimed responsibility for the attack. Taliban spokesman with the media call, said: "This attack was a suicide car bomb exploded by one of our holy warriors completed.

19 Taliban in Afghanistan again dawn raid U.S. Bagram Air Base in Afghanistan. A U.S. spokesman said that so far, at Bagram Air Base in the ongoing fighting, the U.S. military has killed seven rebels. Period, including rockets, small arms and weapons, including grenades have appeared. According to the spokesman, said five soldiers were injured far, but he did not specify whether these soldiers were American.

The Taliban has claimed responsibility Bagram air base attack case, the base is located 30 miles north of the Afghan capital of Kabul (50 kilometers). Taliban spokesman Sabine Hu Mujahid (Zabihullah Mujahid), said the attack was by the organization 20 suicide bombers implemented.

According to the U.S. base in Bagram spokeswoman 克里斯苏卡 Church (Chris Sukach) revealed, said the attack began at 3 pm, during the period, the base of a "not important building" was hit. In addition, another U.S. spokeswoman 阿里贝特恩 Lookout (Ali Bettencourt) added that the attack occurred a few hours later, around the base can still hear sporadic explosions.


In addition, Afghanistan Parwan province police chief Abdul (Abdul Rahman Sayedkhail) also noted that when the U.S. military guards discovered parked outside the Bagram base, may be the attacker's car when the attack began. U.S. soldiers opened fire triggered a gun battle during at least one suicide attacker detonated his bomb. Moreover, when the U.S. began to chase after the other attacker, a mobile gun will be instantaneous staged.

Earlier this month, the Taliban announced the launch attacks. Obviously, this is part of a series of attacks. Taliban military base in Kabul and the United States launched major offensive operations, that they were ready to US-led operations in Afghanistan heart attack.
Core Tip: a human bomb in the Afghan capital Kabul on the 18th attacked a coalition convoy, killing 18 people died. These include five U.S. soldiers and a Canadian officer, which is NATO in Afghanistan eight months of the worst casualties in an attack.



U.S. soldiers will be dead bodies on the armored vehicles



U.S. Colonel John M. Mack repair, 46 years old, from New Jersey



U.S. Lieutenant Colonel Paul R. Bartz, 43 years old




U.S. Lieutenant Colonel 托马斯拜克 Faure, 44 years old, from Ohio

Quality of the Chinese military last year to return 16 F-11B
Core Note: Canada's Defense Review in June called, in 2009, in Liaoning Province Shenyang Aircraft Factory produced 16 F-11B aircraft. Chinese Air Force, receiving inspection, found that the F-11B took off after the abnormal vibration. So the Air Force refused to accept these planes. The report also said, according to Chinese military sources, J-11B Zengyin technical problems not able to attend the National Day military parade last October.

 

Data Figure: Shen Jian-11B fighter aircraft fly production

 

Data for: the National Day parade over the police early warning to guide J-200 fleet by the reading of 11, Han and said military parade but not the earlier F-11B F-11

LONDON May 20 reported that Chinese and Defense Review reported in June issue of the Chinese Air Force technical problems, refused to accept the domestic production of 16 F-11B aircraft.

It is believed that the Chinese F -11 fighter aircraft to Russian-made Su -27 based on the R & D out, which makes the outside world suspected of Shenyang Aircraft Factory not entirely grasp the Russian aircraft technology.

In 2009, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Aircraft Factory produced 16 F-11B aircraft.

Han and Defense Review cited sources as saying: "Air Force, receiving inspection, found that the F-11B aircraft after take-off abnormal vibration. Therefore, the Air Force refused to accept these planes.

According to military sources, the J-11B fighter Zengyin technical problems not able to attend the National Day military parade last October.

Tian An announcement is evidence that Korea is the Korean submarine sinking ship (Figure)
Core Tip: Korea, "Tian An" No. 20 joint military-civilian mission officially announced the findings that the combination of all evidence, "Tian" was a small submarine-launched by North Korean torpedo attack and sank. Collected torpedo parts and the CHT-02D Korean torpedo design exactly the same, and the top marked "1" on the Korean fonts, and other North Korean torpedo using the same font.

South Korea's military display in the incident, where the wreckage of the seizure of torpedo propeller

Data Figure: Shark-level North Korean Navy (sang o) mini submarine

 

Data Figure: Cinnamon-level North Korean navy of small submarines.

 

Data for: water in the days of fishing vessel safety bow.

Xinhua reported on May 20 South Korea, "Tian An" No. 20 joint military-civilian mission officially announced the findings that the combination of all evidence, "Tian" was a small submarine-launched by North Korean torpedo attack and sank.

The mission said that in the incident area to collect torpedoes parts of the CHT-02D and the Korean torpedo design exactly the same, and the top marked "1" on the Korean fonts, and other North Korean torpedo using the same font.
 

Air Force fighter pilot, crashed in Jinan city to avoid falling victims
Core Tip: 6 May evening, von brainstorming and squadron leader Zhang mountain flying in a continuous take-off process of the engine suddenly stop, to avoid the aircraft crashed in Jinan densely populated areas, Feng thinks and the personal life and death, indifferent, and Zhang Shan with decisive changes in flight paths, their missed the best time because of the heroic sacrifice parachuting.

People's Liberation Army Air Force two-seater fighter aircraft and Su-30 Flying Leopard fighter-bomber, photo Flying Leopard.

 

Su-30 fighter-bombers

Feng thinks and learning at the flight academy photos

Jinan Daily reported May 20 the past few days, spring city Jinan, the economic space everywhere eulogized von brainstorming suicide pilots to defend people's lives and property of the heroic deeds:

6 May evening, von brainstorming and squadron leader Zhang mountain flying in the continuous take-off process of the engine suddenly stop, to avoid the aircraft crashed in Jinan densely populated areas, Feng thinks and the personal life and death, indifferent, and Zhang Shan with decisive changes in flight paths, their own because of missing best time parachuting heroic sacrifice.

"He used 28-year-old precious lives, has written a loyalty to the party, love the people of the era ode!" Von brainstorming where the economic air force commander of a division Zhanren Ming introduced on May 6, the division organized day and night flight in Jinan.

20:51, the pilot and Zhang Shan Feng thinks and flew off. 21:30, the second consecutive off landing about 50 meters high, the engine suddenly the sound decreases rapidly thrust down, the rear cabin to the ground the pilot Zhang Shan short report, "I stop the" flight commander, division chief of staff quickly determined Fan Shen Shu an order: Bail out! Bail out!

Nick the occasion, and Zhang Shan Feng thinks and is very clear: not far below the aircraft before, is a large residential area and night market. If you do not change the flight path, the consequences will be unimaginable!

Life and death, and Zhang Shan Feng thinks and only one thought: to maximize the protection of people's lives and property. They did not immediately abandon aircraft parachuting, before invariably push the stick, the aircraft quickly pushed by the elevation angle of 12.3 degrees to 9.8 degrees angle of depression, that trajectory has been away from residential areas, before the implementation of the parachute. Flight Data records show, the pilot bailed out before the stick before pushing 44 mm, thereby changing the trajectory.

Procedures in accordance with the aircraft ejection seats, the rear cabin in front of the cabin before the ejection, interval is 1.1 seconds. Of 1.1 seconds in, first out of the cabin the pilot ejected successfully Zhang Shan. The front of the cabin when the aircraft pilot parachute is only 32 meters high, and with a 16 degree angle, lower than the safety envelope ejection height of ejection after the parachute did not open that fell to the ground, the front cabin pilots Feng thinks and died a heroic death.

Unit time to watch the film of "putting", changed the flight path, changed the course of a young pilot's life, protect people's lives and property.

According to the survey, aircraft crash sites and residential straight line distance of 230 meters, near the village, hotels, factories, markets, logistics points, the resident population of about 4,000. The calm, if not properly disposed of the two pilots will be brought to the provincial capital incalculable losses.

"In life and death and to protect the national and people's lives and property, every Air Force pilot, people soaked to the bone of the faith!" Economic air force division political department recorded Jiang Chen introduced them to Air Force in recent years emerged in "Blue Sky Hero" Liang Wanjun, Li Zhonghua, Li Jianying, Li Feng and Meng vivid teaching materials for the upgrades deeds, deepening the contemporary revolution in military pilots core values of education, so that pilots in the handling of major air special feeling really neither the day when, under worthy manner, worthy of the title inside the heart, as the people's interests above all else, anything else.

May 7 was approved as a revolutionary martyr's von brainstorming, born in 1982, a Liaocheng, Shandong Chiping Xiaojiayingzi Zhuang Feng Yingcun, in September 2001 admitted to the Shandong University of Technology Biological Engineering, June 2005 cadet corps, in June 2007 graduate of the Air Force Institute of the third flight in 2009, awarded a third class, is a love of home, love family, love of comrades, love people, love the community a new generation of outstanding pilot.

Feng brainstorming and an Air Force physician Tian Wenjun station was in August 2009 to receive a marriage license, wedding plans several times, have stepped up due to von brainstorming modified training and unable to do so.

In the May 10 morning memorial service, Tian Wenjun Feng brainstorming with her and the name, respectively, to the economic air commander Liu Zhongxing two military honors will be King, shaking his right hand a long time did not put down.

Tian Wenjun said, "Please commander witness, and I think today is the wide wedding ... ... in this life, married to such a pilot ... ... I certainly do not regret for widely thought that filial piety, let him not care ... in heaven ..."

After the Central Military Commission was informed that affectionate praise: "Although Mr brainstorming comrades died, but the kind of death-defying, courageous, great people and great spirit of love and loyalty is always worth studying!"

Feng thinks and heroic deeds of the martyrs caused deep repercussions in the Air Force, become the officers and men to deepen the core values of the contemporary revolution in military personnel living material for education.

Air Force pilots said that, as widely thought to be as von love the motherland, love the people, attracted to strive for building a harmonious society.
 

China will advance and in Asia, the U.S. military on the other to achieve
Core Tip: In the Western Pacific, the United States and China is in line with each other on collision. China will sooner than originally expected in Asia and the United States to achieve effective military forces on the other, the overall strength of the other conventional and nuclear forces of the other. By then, it will be impossible to ignore the piece advantage of the shortcut.

 

The article said the U.S. Navy aircraft carrier battle groups, such as the war across the Taiwan Strait will be involved in a large number of different face of China's missile threat

Reference News on May 20 reported that the U.S. "The Wall Street Journal" on May 17 head the article, title: Farewell, America's China station

In the Western Pacific, the United States and China is in line with each other on collision. China will sooner than originally expected in Asia and the United States to achieve effective military forces on the other, the overall strength of the other conventional and nuclear forces of the other. By then, it will be impossible to ignore the piece advantage of the shortcut. Learn from Japan and Israel as a wise policy, it has gradually advantage.

China in the conventional satellite, the use of a large number of micro-satellite has cutting-edge technology, advanced network of its surface, underwater and air signal system can provide real-time terminal navigation, to command the 1500 attacks on the United States in response to short-range ballistic missile attack on Taipei best assignment of 5-6 aircraft carriers. Together with their ships, submarines and aircraft launched anti-ship weapon, the missile shield can not play a combat aircraft carrier battle group. If Taiwan by the Chinese missile destroyed the airport, where we can not send to the fighters, and missiles to China, we do not have enough defensive strength.

As the Western Pacific region lack sufficient strength to be the U.S. Navy and Air Force to defend or deter aggression. Without the occurrence of war is under threat exposed to war, Taiwan will eventually surrender and 接受 Chinese rule, Jiu Xiang Liangguojundui Britain after the handover, a voice for Britain Yongyoushiji O'clock in Hong Kong did. If this happens - in fact it is very possible - the U.S. alliance in the Pacific region will face collapse. Japan, Korea and Southeast Asian countries and even Australia (when China's power projection capabilities mature) are Jiang and China reached an agreement to avoid a formal affiliation, their new political structure for the primary contribution will be the elimination of domestic U.S. military bases.

Today, China is building an ocean-going navy has already made considerable efforts. Once dominated the peripheral area, China will go to the heart of the Pacific Ocean, and to east. Its primary focus will be South and Central America military base. Once upon a time, we had his bases in China, eventually, China will have its American base, because this is the countries in the international system's behavior. If we do not wake up, waiting for our will may be devastating.

Just look at the two big countries China and the U.S. military, economic and social development trajectories can be clearly seen the future. In 2007, allegedly on a Chinese navy will then U.S. Pacific Command 蒂莫西基廷 recommendations. Pacific by the two countries will be divided into two parts, as their sphere of influence. Although the U.S. Navy will firmly rejected the proposal, but with the development of the situation, his successor will be unable to continue his resolve. Until then. China's proposal may seem very generous.

These have never been the inevitable result of history. Rather, it is the American people and their government freely elected by the mistakes. Perhaps the U.S. needs to restore the original position of 5 to 10 years, but only in the leadership, transparency and respect will power a miracle This could be done.
 

Experts said China's build more overseas bases can not be avoided without cover
Core Tip: There are constraints of Japan's postwar pacifist constitution has been successfully established in Djibouti, its first overseas base in China to overseas bases has always deliberately avoided. China should allow the international community to understand the establishment of overseas bases is based on China's own interests and needs of both international responsibility towards the international community and international organizations, understanding and support.

 

Data Figure: China's naval fleet in the Gulf of Aden to escort, the lack of overseas bases support the activities of vessels subject to a certain degree of control

 

Data for: the implementation of maritime patrol missions in Djibouti, the Japanese Maritime Self Defense Force P-3C and crew

Global Times on May 20 reported on May 13, "Global Times" reported in the Gulf of Aden, Djibouti, Japan set up its first overseas base. A post-war pacifist constitution, Japan has been restricted to the international community openly express their overseas bases, while China's overseas bases has always avoided the suspicion which the international community have. It was a little food for thought.

In fact, the planning and logistics of overseas bases has become unavoidable moment, the Chinese should be clearly stated their plans overseas bases, and actively carry out public diplomacy to address concerns of the world and neighboring countries.

As times change and the changing relationship between China and the world requires us to change thinking, to look at overseas bases. In an era of peace and development under the theme, the Navy's overseas non-military use of the function continues to expand. Naval diplomacy, combat piracy, the implementation of maritime search and rescue, maritime disaster relief and so has become an important function of the Navy. Chinese navy to go abroad to visit the Gulf of Aden to escort the practice shows that there is no overseas bases has affected the efficiency of the Chinese navy cruise important factor.

In fact, the history of Zheng He's ocean journey of peace, in its fairways have been more than supply base, but this does not prevent the Zheng He's peaceful nature. If the peaceful nature of China clearly established overseas bases, why can not actively seek the understanding and recognition of the international community do?

The author believes that China should allow the international community to understand the establishment of overseas bases is based on China's own interests and needs of both international responsibility in this issue, the Chinese do not cover. From the perspective of their own interests, China in trade, energy, investment, overseas Chinese interests overseas and so already has local, global features, extensive consultations on the basis of peace, to base construction as a link, to strengthen the country with the base cooperation in related fields, the interests of both sides. International responsibility, the international community for China's rising power, to assume more international responsibility, it is better for China to seek a certain degree of responsibility there is quite critical of overseas, that in itself is "only let the horse run not allowing horses graze "the unreasonable logic. The Chinese more evasive, suspicious of the outside world but deeper. Reasonable choice is the overseas bases should be planned early on the agenda, and actively with key issues related to national communication on the base.

China and the Indian Ocean coast of South-East Asia, South Asia, Middle East and Africa traditional friendly relations between countries, so that China plans to implement a realistic possibility of overseas bases. In history, China never had a track record of maritime military expansion. Therefore, in addition to the existence of Chinese strategic competition in the Indian Ocean the United States, India, the Southeast Asian countries, Arab countries, African countries in the Indian Ocean to China there is no excessive worry. Once China enters the clear planning and implementation of its overseas bases plan should have an overall view the recent arrangements should meet the needs of the Gulf of Aden to escort the paramount consideration;-term arrangements should be to safeguard its own security of energy access, maintain overseas interests, participation in non-traditional security cooperation in the field of international maritime comprehensive arrangements for the goal.

In view of the United States and India on the issue of China's great attention to overseas bases, to keep with the United States and India on the issue of communication and consultation and communications, and for the international community and international organizations, understanding and support for the establishment of China is obviously overseas bases Bixu Expand diplomatic activities.

Japan-US military exercise should be to force China to comply with "marine traffic rules"
Core Tip: Japan deputy director of the Okazaki Institute think tank, retired admirals Kawamura pure Yan pointed out that the United States, Japan and other allies should be held more joint naval exercises, to coordinate action to monitor Chinese naval movements, and encourage China to "comply with high seas action with international standards. "

 

Japan's Maritime Self-Defense Force to the recent shooting across the open sea near Okinawa in the East China Sea Fleet Card -28 helicopter carrying

 

Data for: February 2009, the United States and Japan since the end of the Cold War held the largest anti-submarine exercise

 

World Wide Web on May 20, according to U.S. foreign policy magazine reported 18 reported that the Japanese think tank, Okazaki Institute (Okazaki Institute) Deputy Director, retired naval officer Kawamura pure Yan pointed out that the United States, Japan and other allies should be held more joint naval exercises, to coordinate action to monitor trends in the Chinese Navy.

Japan reacted strongly to China's naval exercise

Reported that the current United States and Japan are on the move the Futenma base to discuss the issue, but the anger against the United States, Japan and China fear far. Earlier this month, a Japanese survey vessel allegedly belonging to Japan's "exclusive economic zone" of the waters of seabed surveys. However, the East China Sea exclusive economic zone of China have different views on boundary issues, so his decision to Japan at this particular moment signals: an emergence of China and Japan, ocean monitoring vessel tracking ship expelled from this sea.

And that's not all. In mid-April, a team of 10 composed of a small Chinese naval fleet in international waters near Okinawa. Japan's defense minister said the emergence of such a large Chinese fleet is "unprecedented" and promise to investigate the matter. A week ago, when a Japanese destroyer, the Chinese navy to monitor Japan's coastal waters in an event the other, a Chinese destroyer helicopter flew 90 meters away from the ship within the above.

Reported that the Tokyo government's response to this series of events caused by the Japanese public's discontent. Conservative newspaper "Yomiuri Shimbun," or even condemn the Japanese government established only a year groveling act to appease China. Retired Lieutenant General of Japan Self-Defense Forces, now Okazaki Institute (OkazakiInstitute) Director Kim Tian Xiuzhao (HideakiKaneda) said in a recent series of events occurred, the condemnation of Japan to China have come very late, this is wrong. He said that Japan's political elite and the general public "are deeply concerned about China's movements."

In fact, in many ways, the Sino-Japanese relations has never been better. In 2006, China replaced the U.S. as Japan's major trading partners. Chinese demand will help the Japanese from the recent economic crisis. Of course, Hatoyama's statement the Government to improve relations between the two countries also play a role. In fact, things are not bad from the start. Referring to the outgoing 2006, when Junichiro Koizumi, Tokyo Temple University (TempleUniversity) security experts 罗伯特杜加 Rick said: "Since the Koizumi government since the prime ministers want to exchange with China."

Gold Tianxiu Zhao pointed out, the Japanese government over the past decade a strong national defense policy has not the slightest element: in the past seven years, the Japanese defense spending has been declining. At the same time, China's defense budget is the sharp rise - is undeniable that China's defense spending is relatively low based on the improvement. Obviously, the Chinese Navy ships entering its waters have been trying to avoid. A Japanese government official told "Financial Times" interview, said that in the past three years, Chinese ships through international waters near Okinawa, the number steadily rising.

Japan's former generals called for US-Japan-intensive exercises deal with China

In two long and intense dispute on the high seas issues behind, there are complex legal and political issues. For example, the two governments are still unresolved territorial disputes, especially in southern Taiwan and Japan, the Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa, which is part of) the Diaoyu Islands dispute between.

However, perhaps more with the controversial issue of natural resources. China and Japan have an urgent need to use energy to support their respective industries. Moreover, from the current situation, China has recently seemed to have overtaken Japan to become the world's second largest economy, which could exacerbate the 紧张 between the two countries. China and Japan both insist on their exclusive economic zones (EEZ) of the definition and the definition of significant differences between the two - both sides are afraid to give up one square inch area of the move would be a bad precedent. In short, despite the many economic issues will narrow the gap between the two countries, but there are other issues the two pulled away.

In addition, the report pointed out that there are other aspects of this exercise: If you deal with Japan as the most intimate in the western Pacific, the role of the most powerful allies. At present, China seems to have made this strategic decision, the Chinese no longer need to lay low, and the projection of force has become China's legitimate interest to protect its way of expansion.

In response, the State Department during the Clinton administration in charge of China's Tkacik intelligence analysis (JohnTkacik) said: "At present, China (and not Japan) claims that it has become an outstanding country in Asia, the Chinese people and the people of Du must admit that most Asian China's newly acquired pre-eminence. "He pointed out that China recently held a number of exercises are those who have declared that Japan has sovereignty over the waters near the islands. Tkacik said China is ready to test the United States in this debate, even behind the Japanese and to what extent. He said: "China is exploring the cracks in the US-Japan alliance."

Recently, the Chinese army in South Asia, more courageous, for example, the Chinese navy to proclaim sovereignty over the Nansha Islands of action remains controversial, so some countries nervous. Moreover, China is also preparing to expand its strategic advantage in the Indian Ocean region. Of course, to ensure that Taiwan will eventually return to mainland China is still the highest goal, the People's Liberation Army has been busy acquiring new technologies (such as long-range anti-ship missiles), to ensure that the necessary response to the U.S. Seventh Fleet. (Mid-90s, Bill Clinton had ordered the Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait.)

Former Japanese Admiral Kawamura pure yin said the United States, Japan and their regional allies should respond to this - on a larger scale joint naval exercises, work together to monitor the movements of the Chinese navy, and encourage China to "comply with international operations in high seas standards. " Kawamura pure Yan also pointed out that China has been unwilling to Japan and the United States reached a "conflict of marine accidents" agreement. As early as in the Cold War, the Soviet Union will be the first such agreement was reached, thus greatly reducing the Navy's provocative act, these acts easily lead to escalation of the conflict, and may lead to disastrous consequences. In addition, the Sino-Japanese naval headquarters in the East China Sea, between the establishment of the hotline may also be some good suggestion.

The final report said most experts believe is unlikely to be war. One thing was certain, however, that: With the rise of China, its neighbors will inevitably produce some degree of tension, but tension can be controlled. This is also worried about the disintegration of the US-Japan Alliance is too early to reason. In any case, Tokyo and Washington have reason to make joint efforts in maintaining security.

Han and recommendations of the Pakistan: Chinese warships have to buy Shanghai-made
Core Tip: "Han and the" Editor Ping Kefu by the end of March in the field visit of the Pakistani Navy F-22P frigate's first ship, "Zulfiqar" number, he Army chief of staff of the Pakistani al-Bashir said: "The future of China to buy ships, some as long as the Shanghai-made! "This has always been" bad-mouthing "of weapons in China," Chinese and "very different. But in fact, Ping Kefu is not the first warship built in Shanghai was much appreciated.

 

Chinese Navy's newest stealth No. 054A 529 Zhoushan convoy escort in the Gulf of Aden.

 

China sold Pakistan's first F-22P frigate ships now in service in Pakistan and was named "Zulfiqar" No..

Youth Reference May 19 report on how the quality of Chinese-made ships? Long as "specialized households in China's military news" claim to Canada, "Chinese Defense Review," June number (early publication) gives a new evaluation, the magazine editor Ping Kefu to the Pakistan Navy chief Admiral 诺曼巴希尔suggested that "in the future to buy Chinese warships, some as long as the 'Shanghai-made'!" People ask, always "bad-mouthing" of weapons in China, "Chinese and" Why did you suddenly come to a 180-degree turn?

"As long as Shanghai to buy ships built in China"

The new issue of "Chinese Defense Review" (hereinafter referred to as "Chinese and") reported that Pakistani navy from China Shanghai Hudong Shipyard to buy F-22P frigate quite satisfied that it is by far the most powerful surface Pakistani Army ships. The class destroyers equipped with eight "YJ -82" anti-ship missiles, eight "sea red flag -7" ship to air missiles and two 730B type near Artillery, in the hull polishing, painting, welding and other craft, far more than Pakistani Army Sudi - Indian Navy ships, the vessels are built entirely to the latest level of the West. "Chinese and" editor Ping Kefu by the end of March in Pakistan, Qatar, toured the Navy's F-22P frigate's first ship, "Zulfiqar" number, he Army chief of staff of the Pakistani al-Bashir said: "in the future to buy Chinese warships, certainly as long as the Shanghai-made! "

In fact, the Ping Kefu not the first time on the Shanghai-made ship, praised the. Not long ago, the completion of the Gulf of Aden to escort mission of the Chinese Navy Type 054A frigate "Zhoushan" number and "Xuzhou" was stopped by to visit Hong Kong, Ping Kefu had already embarked on a ship visit, these two manufacturers with the same type, but not carried out the construction of warships "exclusive Comment." He said the construction of the Shanghai Hudong Shipyard "Zhoushan" was on January 3, 2008 service, made by other manufacturers, "Xuzhou" number is January 28, 2008 in service, the difference in time between the service only 25 days, the two ships weapons configuration is standardized, identical, but the hull grinding, welding and painting processes, "different." Ping Kefu found that "Xuzhou" paint off the hull No. Department at least 10, while the Shanghai-built "Zhoushan" was only two. He thus said: "In terms of ship production process, the Shanghai Ship grinding, welding, spray painting process is far better than other domestic manufacturers."

The level of China's military shipyards to build the ships are not bad

According to Hong Kong, "Asia-Pacific Defense" magazine in April No. introduction, although depending on carrier-based naval combat weapons, electronic equipment and armor, but also the pursuit of large hull of the process quality. The level of ship construction, and a country level of technology, industrial base and capital investment are closely related, but the construction quality of the shipyard itself entirely determined by the technical strength. In fact, the military shipbuilding process like cooking, as experience is particularly important, must be world-class chefs like the "master to teach + it yourself" as the class is to develop not out.

Mentioned only in respect Ping Kefu Type 054A frigate, China's manufacturers are under the same contractor for the construction drawings, but different business models and build out of the same tonnage of the ships, there are differences in quality, process a good shipyard Warships built by high quality paint, weld and grind, high quality steel substrates. This ship does not need frequent repair, overhaul interval of time will extend the life longer. Domestic media have disclosed that year from south to north China has more than 051 shipyards in the construction of destroyer, but only Shanghai-based Chinese shipyards built 051 ships, ran in the trials when the speed exceeds the design requirements.

However, Hong Kong, a military expert who requested anonymity on the "Youth Reference" newspaper said that China has not only become the world's second largest shipbuilding country (the first in Korea), and became an international shipping market, the main force army, undertake large-scale military vessels construction tasks Dalian, Shanghai and Guangzhou shipyard is a leader in the industry. Users did not think the Chinese Navy "non-Shanghai-made warships do not," because the level of other shipyards are not bad, like the Chinese North Sea Fleet Flagship "Shenyang" is No. built by Dalian Shipyard, and its previous flagship "Harbin" was built by the Shanghai Jiangnan Shipyard.

In fact, even be "Chinese and" some "down upon" the Guangzhou Huangpu Shipyard, and not by the Chinese Navy "special treatment", the factory-built ships, Type 054A frigate in the Gulf of Aden to escort undergo the process of lived storms and reliability to wide acclaim. Last year in May, "Liberation Army Daily" has been published in the Guangzhou Huangpu Shipyard military representative Yu Guoqing of the interview about how he led the factory workers to "creating standards for aircraft," made a warship, "Xuzhou" frigate captain Wang Hongmin exclaim: " driving this ship, we have 100 rest assured! "

Military experts say Hong Kong, China's shipbuilding enterprises have their own characteristics north and south, can be equally matched, not only buy the "Shanghai Boat", which like the current Chinese auto market's crowded, customers want to buy a car, do not have to choose the steam products.

Ship to overcome the technical weaknesses of China's military

In fact, the quality of Chinese warships and overseas customers recognized early is not news. The early 90s of last century, Shanghai, China shipyard 053H frigate delivery to Thailand, the ship then had the presence of Thai military officers said the Chinese side, this is the finest he had seen the ships, for which he specifically to each Chinese officials presented a Thai Navy medal.

Certainly, China's export military ship there had "technical weakness" because the system is not complete in place as early export of Thailand 053H frigate, also need to install the electronic equipment and carrier-based Western weapons. However, after the rapid development of the 21st century, China shipboard weapons and electronic systems greatly improved localization rate has gradually been accepted by the international market, imports from China more and more countries shipborne anti-ship missile is a strong card.

Previously always suspected the "China 'cloning' Russian naval equipment" and "Chinese and" magazine, now also started for the Chinese ship "rehabilitated." "Chinese and" that the Chinese Type 054A frigate on the air search radar, despite the style used with the Russian ship "frigate bird-2EM" radar similar, but both the antenna structure, support structure is still a difference. China's main radar "concept cloning" and larger, the Chinese radar antenna, which means an increase in detection range. Meanwhile, Ping Kefu also 054A-type ship missile vertical launch cells was impressed that the Asian manufacturers to independent national missile vertical launching system only China. Vertical Launching System and the previous tilt Warship launch compared to more easily concealed, and can implement full-blow of the technology currently available in English, French, U.S. and Russian naval power. In short, regardless of the production process or ship-based equipment package, China's current military shipbuilding industry are among the Asia and the world, this will make China more confident to navy ocean.
 

Maritime law enforcement forces should be unified China and Japan compete for control over the East China Sea
Core Tip: China ocean surveillance ship in the East China Sea continental shelf, 51 expelled the Japanese Coast Guard launch "Zhao-yang," is the ship following the 2008 Rights of the Diaoyu Islands have been another major cruise activism. Now that Japan has developed a detailed implementation timetable for seizing and occupying the Diaoyu Islands and the East China Sea, then it is necessary to accelerate the implementation of China's "national development plan for the marine business."

 

Data Figure: China's "sea monitoring 51" vessel

 

Data Figure: Japan Coast Guard, "Zhao Yang" was inspected vessels

 

Data Figure: Japan occupied the Diaoyu Islands

Global Times on May 19 reported that 51 of China's ocean surveillance ship in the East China Sea continental shelf, driving the Japanese Coast Guard launch "Zhao-yang," is the ship following the 2008 Rights of the Diaoyu Islands have been another major cruise activism. Followed is a series of Sino-Japanese friction in the East China Sea.

In fact, the Japanese "Akihiro" was tracking ship into the East China Sea continental shelf seabed resources survey, the implementation of its maritime strategy in Japan an important step. According to Japanese media last month revealed that the Government of Japan has developed an integrated maritime policy headquarters "to ensure the strategic energy resources of the seabed," Plan of the East China Sea in the so-called "Japan-China median line" to the Ryukyu Islands sea area survey "submarine hydrothermal deposits", including gold, copper , zinc and other rare metals and other resources. In 2015 the Northeast on the Diaoyu Islands have about 34 million square kilometers of sea waters for exploration. Access to seabed resources, the Japanese government to determine the "target countries after 20 years of marine growth strategy," one of the elements.

To this end, the Japanese performance in this round of friction was very high profile. Can be seen that Japan resolve the East China Sea issue on a new change means more focus on active, practical and comprehensive means of real interest to seize the high ground of the sea. Hatoyama, Japan has actually negated the government in the Diaoyu islands in China's sovereign rights, but also a direct challenge to China's marine rights and interests in the East China Sea, the East China Sea seabed resources of the basic rights of the Chinese people can not tolerate.

Since the Diaoyu Islands, Japan should or even most of the East China Sea region for ourselves, and have developed specific strategies for implementation timetable, then it is necessary to accelerate the implementation of China's "national development plan for the marine business," and it needs to improve maritime law enforcement effectiveness.

At present, China's top priority is to seize the era of global economic recovery after the crisis, the opportunity to the scientific development concept as a guide, to strengthen maritime law enforcement, for example, ocean surveillance ship cruising to perform law enforcement functions regularly Rights, it should be "regular" purposes, it now appears, some waters have not really defenders cruise and a regular basis, from scientific management and asked to see the law enforcement agencies should be published annually on a regular basis the time and sea cruise.

China also should speed up reform of maritime law enforcement system, useful in maintaining traditional on the management while, Shi Ying, under conditions of globalization and the conduct of international Haishang Marine Rights cooperation, Keyikaolv common maritime law enforcement to implement centralized system, that reform more marine departments of their respective maritime law enforcement-oriented management approach, a unified maritime law enforcement personnel, that the establishment of maritime security forces, although it is not navy, it is able to perform various tasks law enforcement capacity of the armed forces at sea to avoid maritime surveillance, fisheries administration , maritime, border, customs five teams in their own ways to repeat the jurisdiction of such problems.

Recently, the U.S. Naval Academy Professor Geersitan their written a book about China's maritime law enforcement teams of book five, said China and Japan, India and other countries, the Chinese of the five "dragons" in the sea more and more weak not conducive to promoting China's international cooperation in non-traditional security fields. To do this we need to alert.
 

Japanese media speculation that the Chinese navy may use the gun to blow up Okinotorishima reef

Core Tip: The Foreign Ministers Meeting from 15 to 16 in South Korea, the Japanese media is obsessed with impulses absurd arguments. Japanese international news fortnightly "SAPIO" speculation that the Chinese warships recently Okinotorishima reef around Japan a week sailing action, "not rule out is to blast Okinotori."

 

Data Figure: Chong Bird Reef

 

Data Figure: Chong Bird Diagram of reef and mainland Japan

Global Times reported on May 19 in Japan and Korea Foreign Ministers Meeting from 15 to 16 in South Korea, the Japanese media is obsessed with impulses absurd arguments.

"Global Times" reporter "in the East China Sea friction," interviewed a number of Japanese people, despite the reporter to explain the Chinese warships are sailing the high seas, but many Japanese said the Chinese military vessels violating Japan's territorial waters, because the Chinese armed forces access to their islands (Okinotorishima reef) exclusive economic waters around.

Sites in Japan, many Japanese users a message that the Japanese history is a maritime country, while China is the mainland countries, China to the sea, whether or not a real violation of the territorial waters of Japan are the Japanese oppression.

International News Japan recently published fortnightly "SAPIO"-style coverage also imagined that Chinese warships recently "by the Japanese island of Okinawa in groups with high seas between the Miyako Island," heading the Pacific Ocean, while the impulse of birds in Japan around the reef week, "does not rule out is to blast Okinotori."

This report said that Japan and the blast of the birds as the central reef designated 200 nautical miles exclusive economic zone up to 380 thousand square kilometers, more than Japan's land, which the Chinese navy access to the Pacific Ocean is a big obstacle. Therefore, "China may burst Okinotorishima to achieve the goal of ocean navy", "gun shot blasting methods, special forces burst in the distance the missile attacks", the most likely method is the "naval ship for naval gun fire" .

Some analysts have told the "Global Times" reporter, although the international Law of the Sea Convention in the interests of countries in the high seas have uniform rules, but in fact old maritime countries themselves as the natural masters of the high seas, on the behavior of the ocean in other countries sensitive. Other countries such as Japan, often aerial ship, that quite naturally, was shot about China, just poke the hornet's nest the same.
 

Recruitment from southern Tibet and India to strengthen Sino-Indian border garrison

Core Tip: The Indian Army plans to parts of the border with China and Arunachal (China southern Tibet) recruitment of two states established a number of reconnaissance battalions, reported that Indian reason for doing so, these soldiers are familiar with the local geographical and climatic conditions, and willing to fight to maintain their homes.

 

Data Chart: Indian troops on duty in the 阿鲁恰尔邦 street, after nearly half a century the great migration and development, 阿鲁恰尔邦 the local Indian population has been considerable

 

Data Figure: India in 1999 set the conflict Bakajier exploits of the Indian battalion reconnaissance Ladakh, Kashmir is a local call from the local forces

World Wide Web on May 19 18, reported The Times of India reported, the Indian Army plans to parts of the border with China and Arunachal (China southern Tibet) recruitment of two states established a number of reconnaissance battalion, the report said Indian reason for doing so, these soldiers are familiar with local geography and climate and environment, and willing to fight to maintain their homes.

Reported that the Indian Army is now Arunachal Pradesh to the deployment of two new mountain infantry division, and its also a long-term plan to promote: that is built in the Sino-Indian border reconnaissance battalion.

17 Singh VK · General hosted the Indian Army commanders to discuss the reconnaissance force under the principle of Ladakh. Alleged that during the 1999 Kargil conflict, Ladakh reconnaissance troops played a very important role.

Reported in Arunachal Pradesh and other places set up camp in the proposed investigation will soon be submitted to the Government of India for final approval. An Indian senior military officer said: "Dalac investigation unit's experience shows, born in high altitudes are more suited to be deployed in such a high degree." He added: "They work hard, be more familiar with local terrain and environment . Moreover, they also help other military better understand the local language, culture and regional situation. "

Prior to this, the Indian Cabinet Security Committee in June 2009 approved the deployment of Arunachal Pradesh, two new mountain infantry division, including 1,260 officers and 35,011 soldiers. Expected, these two mountain infantry division will be deployed in place in 2012.

Reported that, as in China and India along the Line of Actual Control to respond to the construction of military facilities, such as New Delhi has taken to deploy in the northeast, and Su-30MKI fighters and upgrade the airport apron and a series of measures, the deployment of two new Mountain Division is a series of measures in the components.

Finally, reports that the war defeat in 1962, India established in 1963, including eight with only Ladakh reconnaissance forces. It is the first time Indian troops on the Bakajier conflict, then become a mature Infantry Regiment.
 

Vietnam, China, the Nansha Islands in the strong set "of Changsha County," The Whole Story (map)
Core Tip: In the past few years, the Nansha Islands as a dangerous chess game. ASEAN territorial grab a mess. Diving resorts and even military outposts have been appearing, Vietnam and even here the establishment of administrative counties "of Changsha County," has directly declared its sovereignty. On this basis, the Vietnamese people in the Nansha area is also encouraged investment and migration in such a way as to reach by the fact that the occupation.

 

Data Figure: Vietnam occupied Nanshananwei Island

 

Data Figure: Vietnam occupied Nansha Islands

 

Data Chart: Vietnam in the Spratlys alert staff observation

Time Weekly on May 19 reported over the past few years, the Nansha Islands as a dangerous chess game.

ASEAN territorial grab a mess. Diving resorts and even military outposts have been appearing, Vietnam and even here the establishment of administrative counties "of Changsha County," has directly declared its sovereignty.

According to Agence France-Presse reported that Vietnam has recently released a their defense along the island's economic and development plans for investment. In accordance with this plan, Vietnam will be invested 8.5 billion U.S. dollars for 10 years, developing from the southwest of the island near Cambodia's rich countries, to the north of Cat Ba Island, a string of islands. Vietnamese authorities that will develop these islands tourism, fisheries and agro-forestry resources and to increase their defense investments.

Among these, the Nansha Islands (in Vietnam, said Cheung Sha Islands) impressively, it will be important as Vietnam's "external defense fortress" included.

This is not the first time in Vietnam in the disputed territory of China to take action. Until then, the Vietnamese have long had most of the South China Sea waters into its territory, and Nansha island as an administrative county - "Changsha County" was placed under the jurisdiction of Chongqing and the provinces.

"Changsha County," set up before end

"In April 1975, Vietnam invaded and occupied the first time in the islands of the Nansha Islands", Guangxi Normal University scholar Tanxian Bing said, "Vietnam's occupation of islands in the South China Sea disputes, most reefs, the longest time, the attitude is very strong country, China is also involved in the South China Sea disputes most extensive country. "

If the turn of the last century map published in Vietnam 90 years, it is not difficult to find the name of the Nansha Islands all reefs all in Vietnamese re-naming the 20th century, the Chinese government statement published in 80 different: South Island was changed to "Changsha Island," the letter charges the island was changed to "plain Island", Ma Huan Island to "never Island," Island in the industry to "iron Zhi-island", Sin Cowe Island to "island life", Northeast Cay changed to "East Twin Island", South Cay changed to "West Twin Island" and so on.

In fact, from the 70's, the Vietnam claim Spratly Islands have all the "sovereignty", it claimed not only issued a statement related to its legitimacy, but from time to time occupied islands.

In 1978, Vietnam officially declare my sovereignty over the Paracel and Spratly Islands, the Paracel Islands, Nansha Islands, known as Vietnam's Hoang Sa and Truong Sa Islands. September 1979, Viet Nam delivered a speech entitled "Vietnam on the yellow sand and Changsha two islands sovereignty," the white paper.

In 1993, the Vietnamese occupation of Nansha Islands and 24, the defenders 600; in 2002, Vietnam has occupied 27 islands and reefs, the defenders to 2020 people, it has become a country with the largest invasion of the Nansha Islands.

According to the Vietnamese official "Saigon Liberation" February 10, 2001 report of the CPV Central Committee held a border committee meeting again to discuss the Spratly Islands. The meeting adopted a resolution, proposed the establishment of local government bodies in the islands, saying that the islands should be the same as other parts of Vietnam have their own government in order to address the region's people's lives, and administrative problems.

The resolution immediately aroused serious concerns from the Chinese side, Foreign Ministry spokesman in the year on Feb. 13 pointed out that China has requested the Vietnamese side to make clarification. China's Nansha Islands and adjacent waters has indisputable sovereignty over the Nansha Islands in any other country's unilateral actions are a violation of China's territory, is illegal and invalid.

However, April 11, 2007, according to information from the Vietnamese Government, Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung announced, will be set up in Changsha Islands "in Changsha County," will also designate Song Tu Tay and Sinh Ton two areas, that is "Changsha County" comes from.

Encourage investment in immigration

As an important hub for maritime traffic, in addition to the Nansha Islands since ancient times has a unique geographical advantage, it also has a valuable natural gas resources. For Vietnam, its undeniable.

In order to develop "Changsha Island," better living conditions in Vietnam to select some islands, reefs, to encourage fishermen to the island to settle in the island to build schools, clinics and other social security facilities. Vietnamese authorities, local governments and the aquaculture sector from time to time issued many preferential policies, such as exemption from resource tax, business tax and personal income tax, to encourage and attract fishermen engaged in fishing activities in the Spratly Islands.

From 2008 to date, attached "Changsha County," Islands of the Twin West, survival, Changsha Island township residents received government provided 110 billion VND (about 44 million yuan) funding to invest in infrastructure. The funds for the construction of palaces, offices, classrooms, power stations, roads, fresh water storage tank, wastewater treatment area, lighting system, repair of fishing boats, fishing services, locks and other seafood. Moreover, even organizations in the Nansha Islands in Vietnam so-called "Changsha Island," the work to vote.

"Most of the islands rural folks were using electric lighting, covering 21 island village mobile signal, the island most of the school-age children can attend school, the villagers receive free medical treatment," the local newspaper Vietnam is such a report, " the nation's help and assistance, Changsha Islands on increasing people's living and production to develop. In addition to capture fisheries, the Changsha Islands shelter the people also develop tree planting, vegetables, poultry and other livestock farming. "

At the same time, the more disputed waters in the oil and gas, has become one of Vietnam's major income. "After the Vietnamese invasion and occupation of Spratly Islands part of the island, the Nansha sea area is divided into hundreds of oil and gas tender area in the region quickly tender, cooperative exploitation of petroleum and natural gas. In 2008, Vietnam Oil and Gas Corporation Oil and Gas exports exceeded 10 billion U.S. dollars in large Kwan, the Vietnamese export products in the top of the list, accounting for half of GDP, the Vietnamese economy, "said Professor of Nanjing Institute of International Relations.

"Vietnamese leaders in excessive consumption of resources in Vietnam," Australian Defense Force Academy, said the Vietnamese military experts Laierseye. "They have to balance the situation and rising nationalist sentiment, and would like less trouble."

It is noteworthy that the Vietnamese military guard on the Spratly Islands has been strengthened. 2004, 2005, the construction of the South Vietnamese in the Nansha Island Airport, Changsha Island Airport near completion, a large number of personnel equipment and ammunition supplies arrived in Nansha endless. Shortly after, the Vietnamese began to deploy more Marines to the Nansha Islands.

In 2009, according to the Vietnamese "youth newspaper" reported on July 24, Khanh Hoa People's Committee Chairman Wu Linfei signed the decision to shun the formal appointment of Nguyen said, Changsha County (Nansha) Vice-Chairman. Nguyen said, the Vietnamese Navy's Shun Area 4 Deputy Brigade Commander of 146 Brigade. Vietnamese Government on this one region can be seen the degree of military interest.

How to develop

"Shelving disputes and seeking common development" - has been for the South China Sea issue China principle. Although no specific agreements and treaties, but in the face Spratly Islands conflict, the Chinese government has restrained itself, but also with active consultations Vietnam.

2009, held in Hanoi, Vietnam International Symposium on the South China Sea, Spratly Islands, has become unavoidable topic. At this meeting, representatives from various countries agreed that this area as in security, economy is important for the region and the world's peace and prosperity and security as such.

However, one expert told this newspaper that, in Vietnam to open a meeting of the South China Sea, there is so little, "This is me, you come to my house to meet" the mean. The current outlook remains uncertain Spratly Islands dispute.

On the one hand, Vietnam and other countries in the Nansha Islands on hold different positions, different actions, but on the other hand, they constantly communicate, called for a peaceful solution to the conflict. ASEAN has become a platform for exchange and consultation.

November 2002 China and ASEAN member countries signed in Phnom Penh, "Code of Conduct on South China Sea," Vietnam is one of the signatories. The declaration stressed once again, to regional peace and stability, the parties to exercise restraint, not take action to complicate the situation, the parties committed to peaceful settlement of disputes, and to strengthen communication and exchanges.

China and ASEAN signed the Declaration is the first political document relating to the South China Sea issue, the analysts view, it is conducive to enhancing mutual trust between China and ASEAN, including Vietnam and to promote the ASEAN countries, including the settlement of disputes by peaceful means. Subsequently, in 2007, the ASEAN "10 +3" summit, the leaders of the two countries once again called on both sides for calm, urging each other to "Code of Conduct on the South China Sea" and other documents to restrain themselves, to avoid affecting bilateral relations.

Nevertheless, in some experts, the borrowing of ASEAN co-operation model "shelving disputes and seeking common development", for this piece of sensitive areas are probably not achieve the desired results.

"ASEAN model is completely useless," an international relations professor at the Chinese University of Simon Shen in an interview said that "the official discourse (for a proposed claimant State) have common development (Zhexie islands), but considering the nation You dispute Yinqi doctrine, which is impossible. "

Australian Defence College of Vietnamese military experts Laierseye believes that Vietnam will not take the risk and how much of the advantages: "Vietnam is facing severe geo-political challenges, it is like a medium-size Chinese provinces."

Of course, the analysis appears in more external conflicts could not affect the peace and stability in the region, although observers are concerned that the Government has yet to find two ways to mediate an effective maritime disputes, but as the U.S. "Time" magazine Suoyue of So, Sino-Vietnamese relations in most of the time as "strong as ever."
 

China's development of unmanned operated vehicle can tap undersea cables
Core Tip: 17 May of "Defense News" weekly, said that China is vigorously promoting unmanned operated vehicle projects. The article said that in addition to imports from Europe, some of unmanned operated vehicle, the recent China has also developed a "water control -3" and SPC-3 and so no one operated vehicle. Experts cited speculation, the Chinese navy and sail these devices can be used as weapons, unmanned platforms. But the R & D is facing the problem of insufficient battery power.

 

Data Figure: China CR-02 unmanned submersible operated vehicle can reach 6,000 meters deep

 

Data Figure: China's "Dragon" 3500 m deep-sea unmanned underwater vehicle, equipped with a manipulator, sampling and other operations can be implemented

World Wide Web on May 19 reported on May 17 issue of the United States, "Defense News" weekly magazine published in the Taiwan office Wendell - Minnick's article, said that China is promoting unmanned operated vehicle (UUV) program. The article said that in addition to a number of commercial imports from Europe, no one outside operated vehicle, to conduct independent research and development in China is still China's unmanned operated vehicle "at the Sea" has been developed in the late 80's out; "Explorer" no operated vehicle in the 1993 R & D, but based on Russian technology developed by CR-01 unmanned operated vehicle has come out recently China has also developed a "water control -3" (Zhishui 3) and SPC-3 and so no one operated vehicle. The article quoted the words of U.S. experts speculated that the Chinese navy will use them to create underwater unmanned operated vehicle information network nodes, can transmit signals to the satellite, even as a weapon platform, but power issues facing research and development.

The article first said that the Chinese Navy is committed to the project no one operated vehicle for mine clearance, oceanographic research, gather intelligence information, there may be used for laying undersea communications cables, or cut off.

U.S. Naval War College, Director of the Institute of Chinese Maritime Gunler (Lyle Goldstein) said: "In addition to potentially cut off, or even the interception of communications cable, I think another major problem is that China's unmanned submerged, or for interference with other countries submarine facilities (sensor), or also similar to the laying of China's own submarine facilities. " Gunler also said the Chinese Navy's unmanned operated vehicle to what extent the project advanced, Western observers are not completely sure.

The article added that China's military might from the China Shipbuilding Trading Company (CSTC) of a series of cutting-edge research and development work mines and torpedoes learn a lot, the company EM-56-type self-propelled torpedo, EM-22 multi-sink to the bottom mine and a submarine can be deployed with a 300 kg warhead EM-57 remote mines, they may also from underwater robot (ROV) and other commercial vessels side benefit.

AMI general manager of unmanned systems Andrew - Henderson (Andrew Henderson) said: "Finding information about the progress of China's R & D is difficult, but according to our tracking situation, sold to China's unmanned operated vehicle technology in the commercial end users level, the sale to China is mainly used for AUV offshore oil and gas exploration. "

Gunler mentioned that some European UAV operated vehicle technology sold to China, this is only preliminary appearances. China is also developing Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). Washington State in the United States Marine analyst firm AMI International Vice President Bob - Nugent (Bob Nugent) said that according to public information, research and development in China in less underwater robot at the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle. Gunler said in the earlier, China's unmanned operated vehicle "at the Sea" has been in the mid 80s of last century, a unit developed by the Shenyang out; "Explorer" no man operated vehicle in the 1993 R & D , while the MT-88 based on Russian technology developed by CR-01 unmanned operated vehicle has come out. The article also mentioned that recently China has also developed a "water control -3" (Zhishui 3) and SPC-3 and so no one operated vehicle.

Article then speculated that the Chinese navy is also large-scale unmanned operated vehicle research, and as larger information network nodes, Gunler that the deployment of this submerged low-cost device, it is a possibility, as Underwater communications platform that can be used as the underwater part of the network can serve as a communications relay stations, satellite systems can be connected to the satellite transmission signal, also can be used as sensor platforms, and even as weapons launch platform. Gunler also referred to China's development of unmanned operated vehicle some of the difficulties faced by the battery power is still the main bottleneck, which he said would force the Chinese designers try to avoid the device in a submerged platform, the installation of too many functions.
 

Advanced Research Institute of China since the first time with a nuclear reactor to achieve the critical (Figure)

Core Tip: by the China Institute of Atomic Energy has independently developed and built the world's advanced level of China Advanced Research Reactor was at 4:58 p.m. on May 13, 2010 to achieve the first critical. China Advanced Research Reactor located in Fangshan District, Beijing, China's nuclear research facility, the reactor power of 60MW, in the same neutron beam research reactor with its main technical indicators largest in the world, in Asia.

 

China Advanced Research Reactor location

 

Hall of China Advanced Research Reactor Physics

 

China Advanced Research Reactor Pool hall action

 

China Advanced Research Reactor Cold Neutron Guide Hall

May 18 Xinhua reporter on the 17th from China Institute of Atomic Energy was informed by the China Institute of Atomic Energy independent R & D, design and construction with the world advanced level in China Advanced Research Reactor was at 16 o'clock on the May 13, 2010 to achieve the critical first 58 hours.

China Advanced Research Reactor located in Fangshan District, Beijing, China's nuclear research facility, the reactor power of 60MW, heavy water reflector without disturbing the maximum thermal neutron fluence rate of 8 × 1014n/cm2 · s, in the same neutron beam research reactor The main technical indicators in the front ranks first in Asia. It is the completion of nuclear science and technology research capacity in China an important symbol.

According to reports, China Advanced Research Reactor is the twenty-first century for the development of science and technology research and development needs of a high-performance, multi-purpose, safe and reliable nuclear reactor installations, and matching the terminal experiments. Carried out after completion of nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, and other basic scientific research, carried out neutron scattering experiments, reactor materials and nuclear fuel test, neutron activation analysis, radioisotope production and also can be applied to neutron doping of silicon. It's built for China's nuclear research and development and application of nuclear technology to provide an important platform for scientific experiments.

China Advanced Research Reactor entirely by our own R & D, design and construction, with independent intellectual property rights and the formation of a number of independent innovation and technological achievements. Select from the reactor type to reactor design, debug and build organizations, all borne by the China Institute of Atomic Energy. Development of the main reactor equipment, but also by the China Institute of Atomic Energy Organization of relevant domestic manufacturers to complete a common technology research, equipment localization rate of 90%, including fuel components, reactor vessel body and core, control rod drive mechanism, all-digital control and protection system, the reactor sealed operating room, loading and unloading machines and other technology applications in China were first developed. Through the implementation of the project, not only raised the level of R & D of nuclear reactors in China, but also to promote the business equipment at home, the progress of the construction of autonomous capabilities.
 

China 5-10 years out of dependence on Russian-made engine

Core Tip: U.S. Global Strategic Network on May 16 the development of China's aviation industry comment. The article said that the last ten years, China invested heavily in R & D manufacturing capability to build engines, build a Chinese version of AL-31F, the outcome is the WS-10A; China has also developed WS-13 to replace the RD-93. The article, China will, within the next 5-10 years get rid of dependence on Russian-made military aircraft engines.

 

The recent adoption of an open light-colored coating, was suspected of being manufactured for the Chinese naval fighter F-11

 

Data Figure: Domestic WS-10 high-thrust engine physical model

World Wide Web on May 18 reported that the U.S. global strategic network on May 16 published articles on the development of China's aviation industry, particularly the development of J -11 series aircraft to make some comments.

The article first said recently, satellite photos show that the Chinese navy has received F -11 fighter, the Su -27 fighter in Russia's "illegal" copy version, this "plagiarism" is more than five years to lead to disagreement between China and Russia one of the sources. The beginning, that is, 1995, China spent 2.5 billion assembly and manufacture 200 Su-bought right to -27, to Russian engines and avionics systems, China is Russia's plans under the design and specification of the production of other components, but 95 Su -27 production is completed, Russia canceled the deal, they complained that China will assemble the knowledge gained when the Soviet Union -27, used to create their own version of the SU -27, that is, F -11, Russia warned that only a simple copy Russian technology produced by this aircraft (quality) will be poor. China continues to develop its own F -11 fighter, and that the use of only China's own technology.

The article goes on to say, are now compared with the Su -27, F -11 believed avionics systems better, also includes the development of design improvements, China can produce most parts J -11, while the engine is to be imported. China believes that, within the next 5-10 years, China will break away from dependence on Russian-made military aircraft engines. At present, China imports have two Russian-made engine, that is 3.5 million U.S. dollars of the AL-31 engines for the Su--27/30, and J -10 J -11, another 250 million in RD-93 engine ( MiG -29 RD-33 used in the upgrade version) for China and Pakistan jointly developed the JF-17 fighters.

The article mentioned that the Chinese engineers to master the engine manufacturing technology to create a Chinese version of AL-31F engine, the results are WS-10A, China has also developed as an alternative to WS-13 RD-93 engines. Paper commented that China has long copied foreign technology, not always successfully, but in the last decade, China has been investing heavily in R & D manufacturing capability to build aircraft engines. In the development of their engine design and manufacturing technology, China also experienced difficulties in Russia that year, but China has several advantages, first of all is the knowledge of Russia has committed an error, which can avoid a lot of similar mistakes; 再that China has more opportunities and avenues of Western Manufacturing Technology; Finally, unlike the Soviet Union in those years, China will, under the conditions of market economy to develop their own engine manufacturing capacity, and inherited the Soviet Union's command economy compared to 70 years This economic system more efficiently.

The article added that China's Hainan Airlines has a regiment of 24 Su -30 fighter, Su-Su -27 -30 is an upgrade version, so they have control of the family of aircraft, experience in the defense of the Chinese naval base, the J--11 appears to be added to the fleet of the Soviet Union to -30. Some Chinese self-developed F -10 fighter as well as naval painting. Hainan Airlines of China's defense forces and also by the more old-fashioned F -8 bombers composition. The aircraft also can be equipped with a J--11 anti-ship missile, perhaps eventually replace the F -8 and other Navy aircraft carrying missiles.

The article also mentioned that J -8 is a twin 18 tons of heavy aircraft, is the first attempt to independently develop a product of the aircraft, the aircraft first flight in 1969 until 1980, began to serve fewer than 400 construction frame, it can carry three tons of ammunition, mobility is not high, mostly as a reconnaissance and electronic warfare platform, the Navy used the fighters, F -8 occurred in 2001 with the U.S. EP-3 reconnaissance plane incident.

The article says is the J-J -11 -8 aircraft development efforts continue, with a more modern technologies, China has 30 years experience in aircraft manufacturing, China, Russia said the lack of experience argument is unfounded. China has in the aviation manufacturing a series of records, F -11 appears to be locally produced in China so far the best fighter, but as technology improved manufacture of aircraft engines, aircraft production in China has joined the "grand coalition." (

The final glory
.
For the military, the honor as the lives, but if the battle for honor and power loss, such an honor for a true warrior who, it becomes no longer honor. Hero of the Battle of Guadalcanal, Medal of Honor winner 约翰巴斯隆 sergeant is under such distress, returned to the United States since the 1943 war propaganda, he'm idling more than a year, tired of a variety of social activities , eager to return to the battlefield, fighting alongside his comrades with the esprit de corps, eventually, he returned to combat, as the fighting skills of instructors teach recruits, and military service will be at least another case of newlyweds, decided to revisit the battlefield, in a distant fought and died on a strange desert island ... ...

 

Battle of Iwo Jima before the air bombardment of the top view, the bottom of the mountain is Suribachi, you can see the high ground is very important, overlooking the island. The rest looked very peaceful, actually mountain, inside the cave intertwined. Early 1945, the Japanese empire had flourished for almost a dead end, since October 1944 after U.S. forces landed in the Philippines, Japan and South local shipping lines were cut off the occupied territories, the U.S. submarine to intensify the blockade on the coastal waters of Japan, the remote B-29 bombers began taking off from the Mariana Islands, the Japanese air raids in major cities. However, the Japanese still strong resistance, the U.S. military in Japan before landing, the first of several important in its outer islands through bloody battle, one of which is the Iwo Jima, the island desolate dry, but very important strategic position, located in Maria satisfied with Japan, the U.S. military B-29 bomber group trips must pass through, the Japanese army stationed in the island's air-defense forces can provide early warning.

   The U.S. military, if to seize the island, you can set up forward air bases, as the B-29 of the relay base, short range aircraft can take off for the bomber escort thus greatly improving the efficiency of the strategic bombing of Japan, the U.S. military decided to capture of Iwo Jima in early 1945. The first Marine landing force by the 3,4,5-division, which is Marine Corps history, one of the largest battle. 109 Japanese defenders for the Division and its subsidiary units, the Department prior to fully absorb the lessons island defensive, fighting to defense in depth approach to the U.S. cause significant losses, the battle lasted more than a month, the U.S. military casualties reached 2.6 million people, more than the total number of Japanese defenders, the only time the Pacific War the Japanese military casualties than battle.
 
 
Basi Long in front of the set of characters has been introduced in the 2nd episode. Both Japan and the U.S. commanders say is worth down, first in the movie "Letters from Iwo Jima" has had a good reputation in the Morijima Japanese commander Kuribayashi Zhong Road, he is familiar with the Japanese Army in the few high-ranking U.S. military characteristics In the Battle of Iwo Jima to the U.S. hit. Another is called the "Father of the U.S. amphibious operations," the Holland Smith, he commanded the Marine Corps implemented a large-scale landings.
 
  Holland Smith
    Smith, known as the "Father of the U.S. amphibious operations." During the Pacific War, Smith was ordered to command the Pacific theater of the amphibious landing force, repeatedly directing the implementation of the landings. Battle of Iwo Jima Iwo Jima during the battle he participated in the unified command of the Marine Corps forces, armed services, but because the causes of conflict, he has actually been deprived of front-line command. [More]
    Kuribayashi Tadamichi
    He is familiar with the Japanese Army in the few high-ranking U.S. military characteristics. In 1944 he was appointed head of the 109 division and stationed in Iwo Jima. Kuribayashi abandoned beach landing and, instead, to build large-scale inland on the island fortifications. Battle of Iwo Jima, he created the Pacific War in Japanese anti-landing operations of the best victories, was an exception and was promoted to general. [More]
 
 
 
The focus, enough to sell bonds Basi Long joined the Marine Fifth Division to return to the battlefield, so we feel a bit of this the only time the U.S. Pacific War battle casualties than the Japanese. The focus on many occasions in the preceding struggle, and tangled i. hero finally recovered in the battlefield in a real self, although the final outcome is that he died in battle.
 
 

Many people may not think of Basi Long's wife, he was bigger than the 3-year-old (above). Marine rookie division number 5, the actual shooting was a lot less than the play (below). Basi Long wife of force

    Leiden in the Basi Long battalion stationed there for training of Pender (Marine Corps training camp) not only with combat troops, as well as Marine Corps Women's Reserve forces, which have subsequently become Basi Long wife Lena Riggi. The unit was established in 1942, enlisted women generally without formal training, directly involved in the management of all logistics for men with a free hand in combat missions. Marines at the time of women to serve, including radio operators, drivers, cooks, laundry, mechanics and so on more than 200 different jobs. Basi Long's wife, Lena Riggi Bibasilong larger 3-year-old, born 1913, died in 1999. As Basi Long has spent time in camp Pender Leiden, Leiden Pender business in a major road named "Basi Long" Boulevard.

    Not rookie of the Marine Division 5

    Basi Long While selling war bonds plain sailing, but he eventually decided to return to the battlefield, this time he joined the Marine forces is 5, division 27 regiment 1st Battalion C company, and offering to continue to serve as a machine gunner. 5 Marine Division in January 21, 1944 was formally established in Pender Leiden camp, but the Marine division is certainly not a rookie unit 5, on the contrary, a large number of the division participated in the Battle of the Marine advance shock troops of the veteran paratroopers and . The late war in the Pacific, the U.S. military aware of the lightly armed paratroopers and commandos have not, and when appropriate, with the shortage of troops, so decided to drop the paratroopers and commandos, all incorporated into front-line combat troops, was inserted in the Iwo Jima flag on the 5 Marines (the other one is a Navy medic) in 3 is the original paratroopers or the shock troops of the veteran.

    "My comrades need me"

    The division training camp in Pender Leiden to mid-1944, then went to Camp Tarawa in Hawaii for further training; in December 1944 the division received orders attack X Island, in January 1945 that the island is X Iwo Jima. Basi Long married a month that is going to Hawaii with the army and took part in the subsequent battle of Iwo Jima, gone. When asked why not wait for his wife's side, he replied: I want to and my comrades in arms together, they need me.
 
 

Iwo Jima on a Japanese 120 mm gun bunkers, visible above the concrete thickness is large (above). The performance of the play is Basi Long was shot machine gun, but the official said is being killed by mortar (below). Bi Peili Okinawa more complex underground fortifications

    Iwo Jima area of about 21 square kilometers, the island south island high ground Suribachi, in the central and northern part of the terrain is relatively flat, build a two airport (the first three airports in the U.S. military offensive has not yet completed). Japanese also know the importance of the island, and sent two thousand army and navy (including about 2,000 South Korean workers) landing. If the Japanese fortifications in the trenches sulfur Perry also just be a "try", then the fortifications in the tunnels of Iwo Jima is a "science" of. Japanese troops in the island complex of underground tunnels built, plans to build 27 kilometers (18 km actually built), many illegal channels are built on the ground a few meters or even tens of meters Office. Such as supreme commander of the Japanese island of Kuribayashi's command center and the main communications room were built about 20 meters underground. The Iwo Jima, the Japanese have two advantages, first the island defenders than the other islands of the Japanese defenders early access to more materials, allows the construction of a large solid bunker on the island, some thick a bunker meters. Second, is the volcanic island of Iwo Jima, soft clouds of ash, which greatly hindered the advance of U.S. forces.

    Basi Long dead land

    Of course, the smell of sulfur filled the underground tunnels and hot (temperature of 30-50 degrees) is also a very bad experience in live, in the initial excavation trenches, a lot of labor to be wearing gas masks, and often more than 10 minutes to not only dry not allow replacement, so after completion, the tunnel is equipped with a large number of ventilation equipment. Japanese soldiers in the island's main defense zone is located in the central islands, throughout the 2nd airport; II airport at the airport south, then south, which is Suribachi. Suribachi and in between at the airport, the Japanese point of default a tight fire, artillery has to be corrected, then that is here (at the southern edge of the airport), Basi Long unfortunately killed.

    Basi Long happens to be his wife, Lena, in her 31st birthday, learned of the death Dragon Bath. Lena Long does not live up to the choice of Bath, did not remarry after, has been widowed for the dragon to stay with Bath for 54 years, until June 11, 1999 died. Bass died on hand wore a wedding ring to her dragon.
 
 

10 Olympic equestrian gold medal winner Baron Nishi in the Junior, which he and the horses Uranus (left). John - Basi Long and his brother George - Basi Long (right). U.S. troops in Iwo Jima landing point southeast of the island, including Marine Division 5 of 28 group 2 battalions landed at Green Beach, is responsible for segmentation and capture Suribachi (and they played a flag inserted); Basi Long land where war camp at the Red 27 Group 1, 2 beach landing, they left Camp 27 Group 1, the right is the Marine 4th Division troops. To participate in the landing were two special people, a battle is i. Medal of Honor recipient Col. Robert E. Galer, who had been shot down in i. campaign machine 27 days later he voluntarily return to the battlefield, In Iwo Jima he was responsible for a radar unit; the other one is the younger brother of George Basi Long - Basi Long, 4 Marine Division as a member he participated in the Battle of Iwo Jima. Fortunately, both lived to the war. Also has well-known in Japanese characters, Japanese in the Battle of Iwo Jima have two Olympic medalists killed, one was the first Olympic equestrian gold medalist 10 Nishi, 1 is the 10th Olympic Games 100 meters freestyle silver medalist River Shida Wu.
 
 
  
  
Great moment: at quarter past twelve on February 23, 1945, this photo because it is the face of a six soldiers did not become a classic handed down. Photographer Joe Rosenthal was on a rock pile looking for balance, quickly saw the flag casually clicked on, then still not satisfied.
 

U.S. court ruled that two Chinese citizens to violate the arms embargo on China
Core Tip: Massachusetts, a federal jury convicted two Chinese citizens in violation of the implementation of a 20-year arms embargo on the illegal export of sensitive electronic equipment to China. U.S. Department of Justice said in a statement, the entity receiving the export of equipment, there are several Chinese military units. These devices can be used for electronic warfare, military radar, fire, military-guided equipment and satellite communications.

 

Information Map: China in the 20th century, imports of US-80 "Blackhawk" helicopter. At that time there are a number of arms trade between the two projects, along with the entry into force of the arms embargo so that was interrupted.

World Wide Web on May 18 reported that, according to Voice of America (VOA) 5 月 17 AP, a federal jury in Massachusetts ruled that two Chinese citizens guilty of illegal exports to China from the United States on charges of electronic equipment, in violation of the implementation of the 20 year arms embargo.

Reported that the U.S. Justice Department on the 17th in a statement that the entity receiving the export of equipment in several Chinese military units. These devices can be used for electronic warfare, military radar, fire, military-guided equipment and satellite communications.

Jury found the defendant Wuzhen Zhou and Wei Yufeng, and Wuzhen Zhou Chong Chi in Massachusetts electronics company in 2004 and 2007, the illegal export of defense articles to China. Both face 20 years in prison and a fine of one million U.S. dollars, will then be sent back to China.

Guard against leakage of the Internet map obtained marker hydropower penalty

Core Tip: the departments concerned to remind the general users, for the country and the people's safety, please do not open the map identifies the military restricted area and within the military management of all units and facilities, may not identify large-scale irrigation facilities, power facilities, communications facilities, etc. related to national economy. Otherwise, the departments will be investigated for criminal responsibility according to relevant laws and regulations.

 

This CCTV Internet map leaked on the alert program.

 

Military administration and military restricted area shall not be identified in the open map.

 

Three Gorges Dam has been completed, there had been many foreign officers tried to calibrate the event of dam geographic information.

Xinhua reported on May 18 along with the popularity of the Internet map site, and now, more and more people can find the traffic routes from the network, view high-resolution satellite images, and even mark their favorite spots to share with the world landmark information.

However, I leave you with convenience, some users on the Internet map mark also led to a number of state secret information is leaked. From last March to March of this year, the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping many departments across the country conducted special geographic information market regulation, a rectification of leakage of the key.

April 2010, Shenzhen Urban Planning and Land surveillance detachment according to reports from the public, find a file named "Moonlight Forum" website there is a lot of the behavior of geographic information secret.

Wen Hui Song Shenzhen Urban Planning and Land Supervision Bureau staff:

He is like a large number of countries, military airports, ships, also Hong Kong Garrison of that information, landmark, are displayed in the map out.

"Moonlight Forum" is frequented by a military enthusiast online community, set up China's nuclear test site of the explosion, the Chinese military airports, military areas around Beijing, the Chinese military facilities, collection of eight plates. Brought together around the release of information users and for sorting.

And compared to ordinary military forum, "Moonlight Forum" The most significant feature is that it directly links to a map site foreign search engines. Users can browse through the client software for free worldwide high-resolution satellite images, and marked a military site in the above geographical coordinates and related information.

CHEN Jun, National Geomatics Center Chief Engineer:

This is a video for example, images can continue to enlarge, zoom through, you can see this is an airport. Some people here marked, and that this is an empty police in 2000. Air Police 2000 is our 60th anniversary last year, only to decrypt.

Reporter:

Before that this post is?

CHEN:

Prior to the establishment, and he put it marked up, and that most terrible what is it? He gave its location marked clearly. There are, for example, he put the aircraft, this is J-7, J-8, all marked up to it, and like the post above, he marked out a radar station, in addition to nuclear smelter, as this is, and he to the standard were tried.

Reporter:

How he collected it?

Wen Hui Song:

He collected by users.

Reporter:

Made a collection of posts?

Wen Hui Song:

Yes. Collection is over, his own order, so we should call him over, to understand the situation.

Commentary:

Through the network to track, law enforcement officers found a "Moonlight Forum" site person in charge of dragons, informing him to cooperate with the investigation.

Little Dragons is a young man only 27 years old, now a programmer in a network company.

Dragons head moonlight Forum website:

(My blog) which built a forum for people to write things that can occur in the above.

Reporter:

Then you go to order?

Dragons:

Right.

Reporter:

Also this, right?

Dragons:

All of them are downloaded from foreign sites, and then I put it in English translated into Chinese.

Little Dragons is a map lovers and military enthusiasts. He admitted that he provides a network platform, users release classified military information and organize. However, law enforcement officials said the leak problem, he was somewhat puzzled.

Dragons:

Because that is displayed to the public to see (satellite images), each person can no restriction can see this thing, this picture. So this as a secret, then it may be some awareness on our acceptance, may be some issues now.

Dragons do not understand that everyone online can see satellite images of themselves and their friends have just marked the coordinates and information about, how this was leaked out?

Songchao Zhi, deputy director of the National Mapping Bureau, special rectification of the national geographic information market leading group office:

Sites tend to come out of a certain region, satellite images, aerial images or even should it not be called the electronic map, because it does not coordinate, it is not human, or nature of the mark on this property. This is with us to travel abroad, you see the natural landscape or to see the natural scenery.

Reporter:

Then it would not leak.

Song Chaozhi:

It is not a leak, but once you are in this area, you should get some confidential, such as military facilities, its geographical coordinates, a number of attributes, then it is bound to leak occurs.

"Moonlight Forum" is not a case of problems, with the advance of digital map technology, all kinds of electronic maps and satellite image maps software by more and more love. Users are usually the electronic map software will find the traffic routes, showing travel pictures, mark their own local experience sharing.

Cotton users:

For example, I told a friend where to go, but come back to complete, I will be a landmark (file) sorted out.

End of the World User smile:

I talk to them to share, I will share my things to them.

However, satellite imaging software, you can use the content far more than that.

Reporter:

What is this river?

Gong Xiawei Mammoth Network Technology Co., Ltd. Nanning Business Manager, Eye of the person in charge:

Piece (video) is Yongjiang, a river around the city of Nanning.

This young man named Gong Xiawei, computer screen, he was driving with a fictitious small aircraft speed of 600 kilometers per hour flying over Nanning. He flew from Nanning to Beijing more than three hours, and the actual flight time used to see almost exactly the same ground scene, an experience that both the real and exciting.

Gong Xiawei:

You can see the surface features very intuitive, a unit of the courtyard to see what kind of car stopped, the number of cars parked, and then building a high degree of how, how much area.

25-year-old Gong Xiawei is the first software platform based on GE to run the website "Eye of God" in one of the founders. He is responsible for the website is very famous in the circle, over 40 million registered members.

Gong Xiawei:

I do not know if you know of such a platform for GE, which has two channels for the platform to mark it, one is my local machine with GE this client, and then I point it to add the landmark, and its paste chart, etc., but this information is stored in my local hard disk.

But there is a risk, you do not know GE will upload this data to the server, since there is no way that certainly does not exist.

GE and the other is a global link with a picture of geographic information platform, anyone can go to mark a place in the above, and then paste in the above picture. This a bit to share their landmark global such a case.

Site inception, Gong Xiawei never thought he would and so many serious issues of national security linked to that. One day, he saw someone posted on his Web site posts a suspected leak, and won a very high click rate.

Gong Xiawei:

XXX force that the compound is a country of such a place, then he said, is how and how this force, in GE marked out. In this case, we think this thing is very dangerous, both for him personally at least, is very dangerous to our website.

At the same time, similar to the forums and website in the country was growing geometrically, were key objectives marked on military airports, missile sites, radar position, naval ports, military bases and other sensitive targets are important.

This is the person in the GE forum posted a missile base landmark document, mark the exact location of the base and coordinate. This is the release of our country was a radar base in the post, this post, detailing the performance of our radar, and two radar positions in China marked the specific location and layout. This is someone in the network issued a landmark document of Zhongnanhai, the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in the landmark document.

In 2006, China was marked with more than 900 MW installed capacity of more than 200 plants at a specific location. In 2007, it was in "Moonlight Forum" delivered a speech entitled "Leadership and the resident military active duty Army," a landmark document.

Deng Qingsheng Eye of the original Web site supervisors:

This is something which is made more comparisons of factors, comparisons and show off, these two factors is the greatest. For example, a (friends) made a paste, then other people think you know these things, I understand, then be it the existence of a psychological comparisons.

Reporter:

Online PK?

Deng Qingsheng:

Yes, that is classified information that I know are more than you and I, you lose out, give me that feeling is.

Like real people to show off the power, wealth, beauty or even specific functions, like electronic map enthusiasts are also some people like to show off their unique discovery, as well as some dark secret.

Deng Qingsheng:

The higher the degree of his concern, he hits the post certainly higher, and each forum will have a particular view that such rankings, click on Top, download ranking, may be ranked on that will have his location.

Reporter:

Become a virtual celebrity in society?

Deng Qingsheng:

Right.

Numerous similar cases, in order to send a substantial posts, fans and even some of the trouble, the field survey.

Deng Qingsheng:

Some sites may be trees that block it, or too long, (coordinates) is not built, some people will put the standard up and tell it (the case), some people will think, before I came there did not seen again today I see a. Then the frightening thing is that he will be back with the paste, and then said to him again, I see, and indeed the place.

Reporter:

I think the Internet has been a joke, possession of them is called "volunteers."

Song Chaozhi:

In fact, we mapping the obligation to transfer them to call members painted, helped a number of websites and even some hostile forces is equal in the field, using some of their satellite images, conducted some of the field they want to take not get the tone paint job.

Reporter:

However, many of these users are unconscious.

Song Chaozhi:

Is unconscious, so why should strengthen mapping, privacy laws and regulations in this area of study.

May 6, 2010, "Moonlight Forum" dragons head of law enforcement agencies received administrative punishment, and promised to carry out the rectification of the site.

According to "The People's Republic of China," the relevant provisions of the Criminal Code, contrary to the provisions of State Secrets Law, divulge state secrets intentionally or through negligence if the circumstances are especially serious, punishable by three to seven years in prison. Intentionally or negligently divulging military secrets are particularly serious, a fine of more than five years, ten years in prison.

Relevant to remind the general users, for the country and the people's security, do not open the map marking the military restricted area and within the military administration of all units and facilities shall not identify large-scale irrigation facilities, power facilities, communications facilities and other related national economy lifeblood of the production life of the people have a significant impact on the civilian infrastructure of the specific shape and properties, to remind friends, perhaps your behavior on the disclosure of state secrets inadvertently, and leaking state secrets is to be investigated for criminal responsibility.
 

Indian Navy in 2012 will be at the Far East Command check CMB

Core Tip: Pakistan Daily article reported that the Indian Navy's latest combat capabilities development, and revealed that its formation will be completed by 2012, the new Far Eastern Naval Command in order to strengthen the coordination with the United States, check the Pakistani navy in the Indian Ocean influences.

 

Data Chart: Indian Navy's guided missile frigate

 

Data Chart: Indian Navy ships within the military port

 

Data Chart: Indian Navy, "annihilated by" nuclear submarine Imaginative

World Wide Web on May 18 article reported the Pakistani daily reported that the Indian Navy's latest combat capabilities development, and revealed that its formation will be completed by 2012, the new Far Eastern Naval Command in order to strengthen the coordination with the United States, check the Pakistani navy in the Indian Ocean power expansion.

Currently based in New Delhi, the Indian Navy, there are three Navy Command: Eastern Command, Visakhapatnam, Mumbai and Keqin Nan Western Command headquarters. There is also a joint command. By 2012, India plans to build a new naval command, called "Far Eastern Naval Command." The headquarters of the main idea is to create "blue-water navy," to ensure that India's strategic interests in Southeast Asia. In fact, the decision to establish this headquarters began in 1995, head of the India-US related to a secret meeting. As the United States as a threat to China, the United States to persuade India under the Proliferation Security Plan to patrol the Malacca Straits.

The article said that the Indian navy currently has 58,350 troops. In addition, there are 55,000 people in the reserves. Navy ships include: 16 SSK series of submarines, eight DDG destroyers. Indian Navy and 12 frigates, including 11 FFG and a FF1-"Kelis that," for training frigate. Furthermore, India has 24 light cruisers, 28 coastal patrol boats. There are 47 vessels for logistical support. Indian Navy also has 10 anti-mine ships and 17 small-scale fleets. A total of 7,000 seafarers have sufficient strength to support navigation in sea operations. Russian-made 10 "Kilo" 877EM-type or "辛杜格霍斯" class devices can be described as the Indian navy's elite forces. To enhance the capacity of the system also added Klub/3M-54E "Alpha" cruise missile system. It also includes six German design "Shishumar" Type 209/1500 class submarines. Two of them by the German production, and another two are assembled in India. In trials, these submarines formed part of the 10th Submarine Squadron, based in Mumbai. The fleet also includes two "Foxtrot" submarine, used for training. Indian Navy is also under the supervision of French engineers built six "Scorpene" class submarine.

India's self-construction of the first vessel "advanced technology boat" submarines "and destroy the enemy who" was on sea trials in July 2009. India also plans to build additional vessels 5,6 ATV nuclear submarines to carry out strategic nuclear mission. These submarines will be equipped with a range of about 700 km, "Sagarika" submarine-launched ballistic missiles.

Article claimed that the Indian Navy has increased the scope of action: from the Arabian Sea through the Indian Ocean, extending to the Bay of Bengal. Some important strategic sea lines of communication with the arteries (such as the Strait of Hormuz, the Malacca Strait and the Strait of Mande) are located in the waters. It is noteworthy that more than 90% in India in overseas trade and more than 60 percent of the maritime transport trade to be through the waters. Moreover, the use of these trade routes, the global energy trade within the next few years will have more growth opportunities, thus further increasing the importance of the Indian Navy. As the "India of Naval Operations Doctrine," as pointed out by the Indian navy's main task is to control and protect the sea lines of communication.

In addition, in combat areas, the Indian Navy had to deal with Pakistan and the Chinese Navy. However, the doctrine that, for foreign intervention (not limited to China), India should be built by non-coastal navy stronger deterrent. In fact, the strategy calls for India to buy more sophisticated diesel-electric and nuclear submarines, aircraft carriers and the construction of the development of new cruise missiles. Currently, the scope of the Indian Navy's operations more than 350 million square kilometers.

The article said that India's naval development, there is a considerable ambition. India intended to be like the United States, Russia and the British navy, as to carry out operations in international waters. In order to obtain strategic influence, the Indian Navy will adhere to the principle of minimum nuclear deterrence submarines. India's "advanced technology boat" (ATV) program (lease nuclear submarines), and purchasing "air-independent propulsion" (AIP) submarines are part of the development strategy of the Navy. Indian Navy as part of the strategic development of the Navy. From 1998 to 1991, India leased a Soviet nuclear submarine 670 Skat-class (NATO code-named "Charlie-I" class submarines); In the meantime, India has gained control of submarine experience.

As the submarine before the lease was a success, India has decided to lease a Russian nuclear submarine the other - 971 type Schuka-B (NATO code name "Akula-II"). And, so far, about 300 Marines of India in Russia near St. Petersburg sosnovy - Ball (Sosnovy Bor) specialized training institutions, to accept the control of submarine-related training. The submarines will be fitted out so that the impact of the Indian Navy and attack power have been enhanced significantly, and perhaps in the possible nuclear attack, as the second attack platforms. In addition to manufacturing homemade submarine, the "Acura-II" class submarines in the introduction, will be the region's military balance toward the beneficial aspects of India tilt.

Indian submarine to launch India's own "Sayouerya" (Shaurya) missiles, and such missiles could carry nuclear warheads. Basically, "Sayouerya" tube-launched missiles, solid fuels, hypersonic-ship tactical weapons, which range from 700 to 1900 km, can be pre-programmed, which makes difficult its anti-missile system intercept. "In the use of conventional combustion air warhead case, such missiles comparable to the power of small nuclear weapons." The missile has been optimized, available via "annihilated by" submarine launch.

Moreover, the Indian Navy MiG-29K carrier-based introduction of machine (also called "Black Panther"), to enhance the Indian Navy's air forces. Through a combination of modern naval and air force - the MiG-29K and the "Sea Harrier" combat attack aircraft, as well as and the Jaguars and Sukhoi SU-30MKI fighters - Indian Navy to strengthen its presence in the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean hit capacity. In addition, India is currently using IL -38, Figure -142 and the "Dornier -228 (Dornier-228) aircraft, sea sea monitoring the implementation of tasks; India also plans to launch a maritime satellite, which will further improve its navy in the Indian Ocean ships between the existing monitoring and communication capabilities.

The article said that the Indian Navy arsenal, including domestic and foreign weapons systems. Such as the SS-N-27 "Club" anti-ship cruise missile system that is a foreign weapon systems. In addition, the Indian Navy also has a local cruise missile system, as the Sagarika, Lakshya pilotless target aircraft Lakshya and (PTA). "Sagarika" (Sagarika) submarine-launched cruise missile development work began in 1994 Ah, the range of 300-1000 km. "Gem" supersonic anti-ship missile system (Brahms) is India's Defense Research and Development Board (DRDO) and Russia's missile production and design companies (NPO) joint research and development of another system. "Brahms" missile is based on India's need to produce, and its fire control system, transport - erection - so most of the launchers used to belong to the design of components and technology in India.

The article said that continued growth of the Indian navy has completely changed the military balance in the region. In addition to 1962, the Indian military has been used against Pakistan. Currently no neighbors with the Indian Navy fleet to match the traditional naval power, but the Pakistan Navy have the potential to become a traditional Indian Navy's deterrent capability. However, through the introduction of nuclear submarines (such as the Akula-II and the local manufacture of "annihilating who number") and other modernization, India will be unrivaled naval power.

It is worth mentioning that there is no significant between India and China there is a common coastline, and its also got along well with other South Asian countries. Therefore, analysts say, put aside the global ambitions aside, India's naval power is completely against Pakistan. However, the rapid development of India's naval power to force Pakistan to strengthen their navy. To some extent, the region engaged in a race to purchase sophisticated equipment at sea. In this respect, the international community must play an important role to understand the long run this race in India in South Asia and India itself have adverse effects.

Japan, China proposed to set up a "hotline East China Sea" to avoid conflict at sea +

Core Tip: The Foreign Ministers Meeting from 15 to 16 in South Korea, according to Japanese media, Japan 15, China made to establish a "hotline East China Sea," the proposal, saying the Chinese responded positively. During the meeting, Yang Jiechi, Japan rejected the accusations against the Chinese navy, he said Japan could not accept the protest, saying the Japanese Self-Defense Force's actions were "excesses."

 

This year in April through the sea near Okinawa in the East China Sea Fleet, Pacific Fleet

 

Data for: the high seas near Okinawa last year across the North Sea Fleet of Chinese navy fleet

Global Times reported on May 17 in Japan and Korea Foreign Ministers Meeting from 15 to 16 in South Korea, according to Japanese media, Japan 15, China made to establish a "hotline East China Sea," the proposal, saying the Chinese responded positively.

According to Japan's "Tokyo Shimbun" reported on the 15th afternoon, Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi and Japanese Foreign Minister Katsuya Okada also South Korea's southeastern Gyeongsang Gyeongju-si North Road for about 1 hour talks. The two sides in the East China Sea and other areas in order to avoid the recurrence of disputes, for the defense sector in establishing a hotline between the two countries regarding the agreement.

"Tokyo Shimbun," said Katsuya Okada of the "Chinese naval ship-borne helicopters in April close to the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force escort exception" to the Chinese foreign minister expressed concern, Katsuya Okada, said: "It is very dangerous behavior, I hope the Chinese fully attention to prevent a recurrence. "Therefore, he proposed that China and Japan to establish hotlines between the defense departments.

Reported that the proposal for Katsuya Okada, Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi said that the "positive attitude", but Yang rejected the Japanese accused the Chinese navy, he said Japan could not accept the protest, saying the behavior of the SDF is "excesses."

But Japanese media of "the East China Sea Hotline" reports China has not been confirmed. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Jiang Yu on the 15th A reporter's question is very general, said Foreign Minister Yang hopes that the two defense departments to strengthen exchanges and communication, enhance mutual trust, to prevent misunderstanding and miscalculation. In addition, 马朝旭 16, also by way of counter-response to a reporter asked his Japanese counterpart in China on the issue of nuclear disarmament, the "unprovoked attack." 16 is a Sunday, there is no press conference, Chinese Foreign Ministry, Jiang Yu Quan day alone to the media.

Japan, China Institute of Contemporary International Relations Institute researcher, said Liu Jun-hong, to his understanding of the situation, Japan had not, and which party to a controversy on the establishment of a line. In general, dedicated hotline for a specific issue, the basic starting point is to avoid misjudgment or unexpected incident which led to a fierce collision.
 

U.S. research satellite detection of submarines for the Chinese silent submarine wake

Core Tip: U.S. Navy satellite technology to track the hunter-killer submarine up in China. As this technology matures, the Chinese submarine in the South China Sea and East China Sea and Yellow Sea will be difficult to cover the action. Satellite hunter-killer submarine in the main principle is to flow fluctuations caused when cruise to form a wake, the deployment of the satellite's synthetic aperture radar to detect the formation of a special corrugated wake.

 

Data Map: Google Earth shows a Chinese Navy submarine base in conventional

 

Data for: the U.S. military announced a naval base in Sanya on China's interpretation of satellite photos, photos exposed the Chinese Navy submarine was being built in caves

 

Data Map: Satellite pictures of the Chinese Navy submarine is a conventional water sailing

Global Times on May 17 reported that "Chinese submarines more difficult to hide the" Hong Kong "Asia Times" on May 13 reported that the Navy is satellite technology to track the hunter-killer submarine up in China. With this kind of "submarine reconnaissance from space," the technology matures, the marine is becoming transparent, the Chinese submarine in the South China Sea and East China Sea and Yellow Sea will be difficult to cover the action. Li Jie of China naval experts told the "Global Times" reporter, the U.S. military satellites in space are anti-submarine and submarine sonar arrays, surface anti-submarine ships, air anti-submarine aircraft, together, constitute the three-dimensional anti-submarine network, China should be vigilant.

God sent a submarine officer of anti-submarine

Traditional means of detecting submarines and surface ships in the deployment of submarine sonar and other equipment, search the submarine cruising the sound issue. However, according to "Asia Times" reported that the U.S. is currently developing "non-acoustic detection of submarine hunting" projects, mainly focused on laser, infrared and satellite technology, submarine hunting.

Reported that the main principles of hunter-killer satellites is caused when a submarine cruise flow fluctuations, the formation of the wake, the wake of this expansion to the surface, will form larger ripple characteristics. Deployed in satellite synthetic aperture radar can detect ripples of this feature. In addition, the submarine activities may also cause subtle changes in ocean temperature, infrared detection satellites were captured.

In fact, as early as the mid-80s in the last century, the United States had discovered the potential of satellite hunting potential. In 1984, the U.S. Navy oceanographer Paul 罗斯库利鲍尔 aboard the "Challenger" space shuttle into space and successfully to detect other submarines of the ripple. May 14 this year, "Atlantis" will be the last space shuttle space flight, the crew, including Captain 史蒂芬鲍恩 U.S. Navy submarine force, the U.S. military may take the opportunity to further test the potential of satellite technology hunting.

Report also said that in the coming 18 months, the U.S. military will launch several satellites reconnaissance and surveillance satellite, which does not exclude the satellite used to detect submarines. U.S. Navy analyst 士诺曼波尔 horse that U.S. anti-submarine satellite network is the best formation flying of multiple satellites into a small maritime satellite, they can be many types of detectors from different locations in space to a suspicious point of focus, the detection better effect.

To create three-dimensional anti-submarine air and sea network

"Asia Times," claims that hunter-killer satellites in the U.S. context, China's submarine detection in the satellite under the "exposed." U.S. Naval War College, Marine Institute, Chinese scholars Bide Da Dayton clear that the activities in the Spratly Islands in northern, eastern and Paracel Islands in southern Luzon Strait is very easy for the Chinese submarine captured. In the East China Sea, Yellow Sea submarine activities are faced with greater challenges, because this sea is very shallow along the coastline from China to Japan Okinawa Trough, most of the waters of the depth of only 54 meters to 109 meters.

"Asia Times" also believes that the current China has Asia's largest submarine force, submarine force growth rate is also second to none in the world. U.S. naval intelligence office in July 2009 released a report that China's nuclear submarines as noisy, relatively easy to detect. The conventional diesel electric submarine has a good quiet effect, difficult to detect. The development potential of the U.S. satellite hunting techniques for detecting submarines in China provides a more effective means.

Li Jie of China in the acceptance of naval experts, "Global Times" reporter, said the U.S. military use of satellite reconnaissance submarine project 90 years back in the last century, had achieved considerable success. Infrared satellite test was already detected in space, the sea 25 meters below the depth of 0.006 degrees Celsius of temperature change. Today, more sophisticated technology, the U.S. started speeding up the project.

Of course, satellite anti-submarine still facing some technical difficulties. Paulmard acknowledged that, despite the formation of satellites to detect the submarine's wake, but not a long time to track. Satellite technology to compensate for the shortcomings of hunter-killer, the U.S. Navy is considering other potential means of hunting and satellite network, forming a large submarine hunting system.

According to U.S. military planning, reconnaissance and anti-submarine network should be submarines, surface ships, unmanned underwater boats, maritime surveillance aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with exploration potential to link together as a large "underwater dynamic library" for anti-submarine forces. Reported that U.S. anti-submarine on the high altitude airship is very interested in the project will be in the Philippines, 10 km to 50 km above the height of the deployment of radar airship to detect from the Philippines to the large area of the Taiwan Strait waters.

Li Jie believes that the U.S. military's anti-submarine aircraft, anti-submarine ship and submarine sonar arrays and other equipment have formed a more complete three-dimensional anti-submarine network, satellite meant to speed up the deployment of U.S. anti-submarine anti-submarine nets are further improved, and China should be vigilant. In addition, the United States use of the first island chain has completed the East China Sea and Yellow Sea submarine sonar array construction, we should work through diplomacy to prevent the United States and the countries surrounding the South China Sea together with the deployment of the sonar array against China.

Russia and Japan is also studying the satellite anti-submarine

In addition to the United States, other countries are also promoting the development of hunting potential of satellite technology. Russia in 1991 launched Almaz-1 satellite is a kind of submarine exploration satellites, can observe the underwater submarine produced in the wake. This year in April, the Russian Space Systems spokesman Boldyrev said, the company's research center has developed a new type of satellite that can detect submarines in the deep-sea navigation. Expected that the satellite into space in 2011.

Japan is also the potential of satellite technology is very interested in hunting. "Asia Times" noted that in recent years Japan has launched a number of advanced remote sensing satellites are used for submarine detection. Japan recently carried out in cooperation with NASA also is seeking a project reconnaissance and maritime detection buoy network and has a clear anti-submarine intent.
 

Korean Korean warships crossed the boundaries of South Korean troops continuous firing several warning
Core Tip: 16 South Korean Joint Chiefs of Staff said two North Korean guard ships have crossed the ship on the 15th at the North Korean line, Jun Han issued a warning against two warships and a warning shot twice. Korean ships have been warned to return North Korean waters soon. South Korea said it was in the "Tian" ship after the incident, North Korean naval vessels for the first time "violation" of the north boundary of the West Sea.

 

Data for: to be picked up in the aft ship wreckage Cheonan, South Korea Cheonan ships suspected of planning the event are North Korea, the United States has event as armed attacks on U.S. allies

 

Data for: 1999 inter-Korean sea floor extension, inter-Korean maritime boundaries around the armed conflict on many occasions, most recently last year, the Korean patrol boat was hit, when North Korea claimed to take "revenge"

 

Data for: the North Korean western sea boundary diagram

World Wide Web on May 17 reported that 16 South Korean Joint Chiefs of Staff, said a North Korean guard ship at 10:13 p.m. on the 15th Xu, crossed the boundaries of the North Korean West Sea 1.4 miles, continue south to taeyonpyong 8.5 miles northwest of office. South Korea's military warned communications after the ship returned to Korea.

16, Yonhap reported, and the other a North Korean guard ship at 23:30 on the on the 15th Xu, again crossed the line 1.3 miles north. South Korea, after warning communications, the Guard-ship continued south, so Han Jun had two warning shots. North Korean alert at 9 minutes after the ship returned to the North Korean waters.

South Korea said it was in the "Tian" ship after the incident, North Korean naval vessels for the first time "violation" of the north boundary of the West Sea.
 

Vietnam next year to participate in the US-led "Karaoke," the South China Sea exercises
Core Tip: Vietnamese official May 11 statement, the U.S. arms giant Lockheed Martin has been • Vietnam Post and Telecommunications Group signed a space agreement, Vietnam, the company will manufacture and launch a satellite. It was also reported that in 2011 the Vietnamese prepared to participate in the US-led "Karaoke" sea military exercises, the exercises carried out mainly in the South China Sea. But the United States and Vietnam are currently no official confirmation of the consumer?

 

Data Figure: U.S. Navy and the Singapore Navy to participate in the South China Sea at the "karaoke" multinational joint exercise

 

Vietnam's first satellite launched in French Guiana during the scene

Global Times reported on May 17, according to Agence France-Presse reported that the Vietnamese government on May 11 issued a statement saying the U.S. arms giant Lockheed Martin has been • Vietnam Post and Telecommunications Group signed a space agreement, the company will provide Viet Nam manufacturing, launching a satellite, the total amount 215 million U.S. dollars.

April 2008, Vietnam's first satellite by the European Ariane rocket from Kourou, French Guiana Space Launch Center. Lo • Ma companies have participated in research and development of Vietnam's first satellite. According to reports, the company's second satellite contractor in Vietnam is expected to be launched within two years, the implementation of communication and navigation tasks. At present Vietnam has applied for a seven orbital slots, which means that Vietnam intends to launch seven satellites.

Recent US-Vietnam relations have become closer. Malaysia, "Kuala Lumpur Safety Review," May 7 even reported that in 2011 the Vietnamese prepared to participate in the US-led "Karaoke" sea military exercises, the exercises carried out mainly in the South China Sea. But U.S. officials have not confirmed the news at present.
 

China's navy is to strengthen the central command and ocean drill

Core Tip: American International Institute for Strategic Studies think tank recently published an article that the Chinese naval fleet long before the three held two exercises and fleet operations in Somalia show that the Chinese navy to escort the traditional strategy is to change and strengthen the central command and control, also shows that the Chinese navy willing and able to break through the first island chain into the Pacific Ocean.

 

Japanese military announced on April 10 through the Chinese naval fleet and the island of Okinawa, Miyako Island, between the high seas heading into the Pacific Ocean.

 

April 10 shooting of Japan Maritime Self Defense Force to the Chinese Navy Kilo-class submarines photos.

LONDON May 17 reported that American International Institute for Strategic Studies think tank recently published an article, said the three Chinese naval fleet at the two exercises of this not long ago, and the Somali navy escort move and shows the flexibility of the PLA Navy capabilities and strategic considerations in the Beijing government in a prominent position. It shows the Chinese Navy is changing the traditional strategy, strengthened the central command and control, also shows that the Chinese navy willing and able to break through the first island chain into the Pacific Ocean - This is a strategy before the changes.

The article said that on April 10 this year, the Japanese Maritime Self Defense Force to monitor the 10 Chinese warships passed through the 140 km south of Okinawa and Miyako Strait, the sea, marking the Chinese navy and entered a new stage. At present, the Chinese navy's action unprecedented in scale and scope of the degree, and China has recently launched a series of similar Hang Dong: in March of this year, China has a Xiaoxing fleet 部署 area of waters to participate in the exercises held there. Two exercises in the Gulf of Aden, and China's anti-piracy operations demonstrate the flexibility of the Chinese navy and the strategic considerations in Beijing in a prominent position.

The article points out, the Chinese navy's Zhezhi small fleet includes some of China's most advanced warships, including two "Kilo" class diesel-electric attack submarines and at least two Russian-made "modern" class destroyers. It is noteworthy that the Chinese Navy in March and April of the two operations are beyond the scope of the 'first island chain', which indicates that the deployment of the first island chain is now outside the Beijing government's official policy.

China over the South China Sea islands and reefs in the establishment of military facilities

The article said that the exercise was held in China, it seems that the South China Sea islands and the long dispute over sovereignty is directly related to the increasing tension. For decades, China and Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei in the South China Sea islands have some or all of the existence of a sovereignty dispute. It is believed that affected the mineral waters, natural gas and oil are at risk. However, this uncertainty did not prevent the countries in the area of military construction. At present, China has Huayang Reef Yongshu Reef, the East Gate reef, Red Reef, Mischief Reef, Nanxun reefs and Subi Reef on fortification. Related facilities, including three with a small helipad construction, to serve as refueling pier facilities.

Currently, the South China Sea field, the most heated debate comes as China and Vietnam, the Spratly Islands in the fight. And, because there are disputes over the same waters around Nansha Islands, fishing and other commercial activities in recent years has risen to strategic issues. This year in March, the Chinese fishing boats in the South China Sea islands claimed was harassment of the Coast Guard in Vietnam. In response, China sent the largest fishing patrol boat "fishery 311" and 202 patrol boat, two boats from Hainan Sanya, rapidly reaches the South China Sea. Moreover, a Chinese media report that "fishery 311", carrying heavy machine guns.

The article points out, April 1, the two escort destroyers, Vietnamese President Nguyen Minh Triet visited Haiphong in Vietnam and China, Hainan Island, the island between the end of the controversial White Dragon. Nguyen Minh Triet said in the declaration of the island, Vietnam "will not let the Vietnamese territory, territorial waters and islands, any violation." April 22, China's fishery sector in the Spratly Islands near the arrest of nine Vietnamese fishermen, have put forward a serious protest against the Vietnamese.

Meanwhile, China is also so-called "long-range naval exercises." March 18, the North Sea Fleet from the six ships form a small fleet left Qingdao base near Okinawa's Miyako through the Strait. Japanese destroyer reported that China's destroyers and frigates, accompanied also a refueling ship and a rescue boat. Prior to this, on the 12th, Japan's F-15 has been tracking a Chinese across the Strait of KJ-200 AWACS.

"Liberation Army Daily" reported the mid-April it is only a "remote training exercise." 7 sets news channel of China also revealed the nature of the deployment: Deputy Commander of the North Sea Fleet, said, "China needs to ensure protection through long-range naval maritime territorial integrity." The report also showed that long-range F -8 fighter air cover provided, in addition to the anti-submarine warfare exercises. These vessels were a lot of live-fire exercises and confrontation with the East China Sea Fleet conducted exercises. People's Liberation Army reported that Fleet had reached the Nansha Islands Yongshu reef, and in the Malacca Strait further exercises. These deployments and exercises clearly shows that the Chinese navy in the area to ensure its strength.

PLA modernization focus lock remote power projection exercise

The article points out, April 10, again through the palace of ancient Chinese fleet Strait. This relates to the East China Sea Fleet, including destroyers, frigates and auxiliary ships while several 10 warships. In the fleet through the Straits, the two "Kilo" class submarine surfaced. This time, Japan decided to open the message. During Japan's dispatch of "bell wave" (Suzunami) destroyer and a small fleet reconnaissance photos taken in China. This time, the Chinese fleet on the crowds passing through Okinawa. An anti-submarine helicopters, and even the Chinese card -28 warships to enter Japan within 90 meters. To the end of April if the fleet moored in the eastern part of Taiwan to conduct anti-submarine exercises. The reason why the fleet stopped at the southerly direction of China appear to be trapped in fishing in Nansha island is directly related to the incident.

311 and 202 fishing patrol boat to reach the Nansha Islands of China, China being a large number of Vietnamese fishing boats surrounded. Small naval fleet to return the first one, the situation worsened. More and more Vietnamese boats gathered around the Chinese ships. 311 ship, a journalist, said on April 8 about 20 boats surrounded the ship, April 10 increased to 60. They are only 200 meters away from the 311-ship, and take pictures of Chinese vessels.

Vietnam does not seem to the Chinese navy is expected to further action, although the first 19 days only fleet in the Air, 6000 Hailihouda to the limit, but according to Japanese reports, the Second Fleet has been only through the Miyako Strait. This is very surprising that the Vietnamese side. 311 journalists to describe the ship, April 12, the Chinese crew of surprise to Vietnamese vessels dispersed.

Obviously China's second only to the Vietnamese fleet surprise. In addition, China quietly crossing the Miyako Strait appears to be surrounded by 311 ships as the land of the occurrence of the Vietnamese boat warning. After the withdrawal of Vietnamese boat, the Chinese team before the suspension of the south line and started special exercises.

These actions prove that the modernization of the PLA over the past decade the results. If it does not continue to focus attention on long-range power projection exercise - this is the last decade the focus of the PLA Navy's training - then this is mission impossible. December 2008, China decided to participate in the Gulf of Aden international anti-piracy action, making China's naval vessels may become more frequent use of some of the major international sea routes. For some Southeast Asian countries, the recent actions show that China is trying to set a precedent, in the long-term naval presence in the region. People's Liberation Army Navy strategy to continue to expand, including the aircraft carrier - China is currently renovating the former Ukrainian aircraft carrier, "Kuznetsov" was - and the new submarines, is also China's neighboring countries of concern. In response, Russia, Vietnam in 2009 to purchase a 6 "Kilo" class attack submarines.

Obviously, the People's Liberation Army Navy of China's foreign policy has begun to play a more prominent role. During the National Day military parade in 2009, Hu said the PLA had been standing at a new "historical starting point." Five years ago, Hu Jintao as the People's Liberation Army to develop a "historical mission": to consolidate the Communist Party's ruling position, safeguarding national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity and safeguarding the interests of national development, safeguarding world peace.

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