Intercontinental passenger super power: GENX turbofan engine

Recently, the Boeing 747-8 Intercontinental's latest successful aircraft off the assembly line. The new aircraft, Boeing 747-8 Intercontinental Boeing 787 using only a number of breakthrough technologies, the most notable is the adoption of GE's new generation of commercial high bypass ratio turbofan engine - GENX. Then this type of engine performance? What it uses advanced technology? Netease military below for resolution.



Line-off ceremony on the Boeing 747-8 Intercontinental latest aircraft, equipped with four GENX its high bypass ratio turbofan engine.
Boeing's newest intercontinental aircraft off the assembly line 747-8

February 14, 2011 3:00 Beijing time, the U.S. aircraft maker Boeing famous in its day in the Everett plant in Washington state held a Boeing 747-8 intercontinental aircraft ceremony. Approximately 10,000 guests attended to celebrate, including customers, Boeing employees, government officials, partners and suppliers. They gathered at the Everett factory to witness the theme of "love and then the world's leading future," the 747-8 Intercontinental aircraft ceremony.

The Boeing 747-8 is the competition of Airbus A380 aircraft, its fuselage length of 76.3 meters, more than 5.6 meters long fuselage 747-400. Longer part of the seating capacity of 51, which makes the aircraft in a typical three-class configuration carrying 467 passengers. Compared with all other large aircraft, this large capacity of the new aircraft provides airlines the lowest operating costs, the best economy, and better environmental performance.

It is also the Boeing 400-500 aircraft on the market-level models only. The new Boeing 747-8 intercontinental aircraft in addition to using the Boeing 787 "Dream" a number of breakthrough technologies flight, the most notable is that it uses a new generation of GE's commercial high bypass ratio vortex fan engine - GENX.




Is by far the largest thrust GE90 engine, and follow-up it's GENX engine is derived from a series of U.S. civilian bypass ratio turbofan engine technology crystallization of pre-research project.
GE90: the world's largest aircraft engine thrust

GE90 engine is a subsidiary of General Electric Company, GEAE "General Electric Aircraft Engine Company" developed commercial high-bypass ratio turbofan engine thrust large. GE90-115B engine is the model recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records the world's largest aircraft engine thrust, ground bench had reached over 56.9 tons in the maximum thrust. GE90 officially in November 1995 put the commercial market, Boeing 777 series aircraft currently used.

GE90 advanced design a good foundation for the GENX

GE90 engines and follow-up of the GENX engine is derived from a series of U.S. civilian bypass ratio turbofan engine technology crystallization of pre-research project. GE90 using large-diameter single-stage breakthrough in wide-chord composite fan blades, not high bypass ratio turbofan engine used in the traditional titanium fan blades, thus greatly reducing the weight of the fan assembly. The low tip speed fan, elastic deformation to absorb impact energy and re-distribution, blade root slot in the tongue and cushion the impact of deflection means and the local parcel titanium fan blades ensure the success of the anti external material to combat performance; by coatingPolyurethane corrosion-resistant coating and the use of special silk sutures and other parts of composite delamination ways to enhance the fan blade corrosion resistance.

GE90 of ten with 23 high pressure compressor pressure ratio, structural strength and aerodynamic loads and the GE design developed in cooperation with the French company CFM56 engines similar. Since the thrust GE90 very demanding, and thus selected for the core flow and the size of a large machine, the machine high-pressure compressor blade length was significantly greater than other high bypass ratio turbofan engine. GE90 GE's unique use of low-pollution combustion chamber design and double loop applied on the previously used in turbine blade film cooling means. This design effectively reduces NOx emissions and improves engine performance and durability. GE90 two-stage high pressure turbine, and up to six low-pressure turbine, and therefore longer life low heat load.

In general, GE90 composite materials using an epoch-making fan blades, mature core machine programs, environmental protection, long life and the most powerful chamber thermodynamic properties, which for the future development of the GENX laid a very good technology base.




Boeing 777-200ER aircraft with the GE90-94B engine is a technological leap second results. The engine in the high-pressure compressor blade using three-dimensional flow on the overall design.
GENX is a GE company for the Boeing 787 "Dreamliner" aircraft developed a high bypass ratio (10.0), high total pressure ratio (45.0), low fuel consumption, low pollution and low noise, a new generation of engines. In order to meet the 21st century "green aviation" requirements, GENX not only inherit and develop the past, GE GE90 engine mature engine design, especially technology, to absorb the GE90 engine development and use of experiences and lessons, but also uses some of the latest developments advanced technology, therefore, not only to achieve a higher level of performance, and shorter development cycle. From the GE90 to GENX, experienced four technical leap forward.

The first leap forward: The classification of double-loop radial combustion chamber

November 1995 and put into use on the Boeing 777-200 aircraft used GE90-76B/85B engine. The engine, apart from the most basic characteristics of GE90 composite fan blades and high-pressure compressor pressure ratio of 23, but also specifically developed by the GE, the first generation of double-loop radial graded combustion chamber. Rating Radial bicyclic successful application of the combustion chamber in 1995 in the CFM56-5B, CFM56-5B / P and CFM56-7B engines, the NOx emissions under International Civil Aviation Organization standard value by 50%.

The second leap: compressor blade design using three-dimensional flow

November 2000 Boeing 777-200ER aircraft with the GE90-94B engine GE90-76B/85B engine a step further: a comprehensive high-pressure compressor blade design using three-dimensional flow; using the second generation of double-loop classification of the combustion chamber radial ; reduce the low pressure turbine tip clearance and improve the efficiency of low-pressure turbine; the fan exit guide vane at the enhanced seal.


GE90-115B engine is the outcome of the third technical leap forward, it will reduce the high pressure compressor to nine.
The third leap: reduced to nine high-pressure compressor

March 2004 and put into use Boeing 777-200LR and 300ER aircraft with the GE90-115B engines for the third time skills upgrading: The higher the compression ratio swept fan blades; the original high-pressure compressor was reduced to ten nine; high-pressure turbine blade design also used a three-dimensional flow; low-pressure turbine blade consistency with a small leaf; engine control system uses a third-generation full-authority digital engine control system.

Fourth leap: to further reduce pollution emissions

2007 put the A380-800 aircraft used by the GP7000 engine is the GE90 series engine of the latest technological achievements, the engine is based on the GE90-115B engines to further reduce pollution emissions and noise reduction technology is applied. Until 2007, the GP7000 engine, GENX engine based on technology it needed to complete the basic accumulation.

Commercial aircraft engine more frequent application of new technologies

Readers must have the model may have been numerous and complex technical sort of a bit dizzy head, this is because the engine on constantly improving the application of new technology and accumulated experience is the only way for the commercial success of the engine. Because the opportunities fleeting, commercial engines did not have time and money for military engine development as more than a decade, until the engine fully mature before launching a new generation of models. GE90 engine family after many years of successful operation, and the accumulation of new technologies, GE has finally launched a new generation of GENX engine.




As the excellent design to undertake the GE90, GENX engine thrust is not only big, but fuel consumption, emissions, noise and direct user charges and so on down to a considerable level.
As mentioned above, GENX engine is put into use in 1996 GE90 engines (for Boeing 777 aircraft) based on the development, originally developed for the Boeing 787 aircraft, the Boeing 747-8 and later was chosen as the only power devices.

GENX engine thrust is less than 378 ~ 511 kN GE90, CF6-80C2 engines is greater than (for the Boeing 747-400 aircraft) 258 kN; use of bypass ratio of up to 10 and total pressure ratio (45; GE90 engines were 8,40), and high component efficiency. GE90-76B engine into operation in late 1995, the GENX engine was successfully developed technology to increase 4 times after that GENX engine fuel consumption, emissions, noise and so reduce the cost of direct use to a considerable level.

GENX engine cruise fuel consumption greatly reduced

GENX engine for the A330 passenger cruise fuel consumption than the CF6-80E1A4 engine low 15.4%, than for the B777 aircraft GE90-94B engines with low 6.9%. GENX engine design for the 333 kN thrust. In the 1st test, the thrust reached 358 kN, the design is greater than 7%. Because there are three B787 aircraft to take off the total mass of different models, so the GENX engine for the B787 aircraft have thrust three different models, namely for the B787-3 of the GENX-1B54 (236 kN) for B787 -8 of the GENX-1B64 (284 kN) for B787-9 in the GENX-1B70 (310 kN); III engine fan diameter are 2.819m.




GENX engine fan blades using GE's 3rd generation composite materials, which reduce the engine weight. In the compressor at the use of more blisk, which is also the number of parts, reduced weight.
Fan: Use GE, 3rd generation composite materials

GENX engine fan blades using GE's 3rd generation composite materials, shape (swept) Basic with the GE90-115B engine; technical design of a new generation of three-dimensional flow, number of leaves of 22 by the GE90 was reduced to 18; reduced quality. Composite fan blades in the B777 passenger aircraft has undergone stringent tests (10 years, only replaced 3 times). Blade leading edge and tip, using a titanium sheath.

Tenon at the blade root, using a Teflon wear pads, so after the leaves put into the dovetail slot without adding lubricant. GENX engine fan case is made from composite materials processing, with bands of woven composite materials similar to the structure of mat. This is the first 1 to composite materials for large engine casing. Composite Case inclusive properties and strength are better than the metal casing and metal casing of the casing lighter than 154 kg, an aircraft can reduce the quality of 363 kg, and will not be corrosion, easy to maintain. Also in the middle of the fan and there are three high-pressure compressor booster compressor, used to increase the core engine flow.

High-pressure compressor: The more blisk

10 high pressure compressor pressure ratio is 23.0, the average level pressure ratio is 1.368, with GE's GE90 engine level, but leaves the technical design of a new generation of three-dimensional flow, increasing the surge margin. The first stage compressor with 1,2,5 blisk make GENX engine used in a commercial engine more blisk series engine. And most high-bypass ratio turbofan engines, like, GENX engine high pressure compressor made from three double-play receiver; outer casing as a bearing casing, inner casing ring as inclusive air channel.

In order to restore engine performance, generally using a special spray device, according to engine performance degradation of the situation, the engine spray (cleaning fluid and water) cleaning. In the GENX engine, using a built-in water cleaning device, that is, high-pressure compressor were installed before the circle of cloth with a spray nozzle 4; each nozzle jet spreading angle is large, all over the import of high-pressure compressor ring belt, spray washing is better. Engine 200 ~ 500 per work cycle, as appropriate, determine the need for spraying. Under the slow jet cleaning fluid, cleaning wash water no longer be required after the cleaning takes about 30 minutes once the engine of other time-consuming and normally takes four hours.) GENX engine is the first built-in sprinkler installation of the engine.


Apart from the rear to see some of the GENX engine. Small map (left) GENX unique combustion chamber, which has a double loop with a Cyclone single ring premixed combustion chamber to improve combustion efficiency. Small (right) for GENX turbine, which uses the high and low pressure turbine reverse design, to improve efficiency.
Combustion chamber: use of double loop premixed swirler

GE90 engine combustion chamber for the double ring cavity. The GENX engine for the conventional single-ring cavity chamber, but with a double loop premixed cyclone, and the application of lean design. In general the combustion chamber, there are high temperature gas close to the flame tube wall, therefore, requires the flame tube cooling on the large number of open slots or holes (such as fire extinguishers on the GE90 engine has thousands of holes.)

Premixed with double loop in the single ring cavity cyclone chamber, the air swirl within the combustion zone wrapped, the highest temperature areas are the core of the flame tube, therefore, lower the flame tube wall temperature, without opening a number of cooling holes. After the adoption of such a unique design, oil - gas mixture burning completely, GENX engine combustion chamber is much lower than the air discharge standard value of environmental protection.

Turbo: from the military with high and low pressure turbine reverse design

GENX engine has 2 high-pressure turbine and the seven low-pressure turbine (GENX-2B engines for six). High-pressure turbine blades using GE's 2nd generation three-dimensional flow technology design and use of advanced design and the latest cooling technology high temperature materials, the cooling air to reduce life expectancy. Low-pressure turbine blades using the "special high-lift" design, and the use of three-dimensional flow technology to design the shape of the end wall, so that leaves reduced efficiency of about 0.34%.

High and low pressure turbines turn in the opposite of this design stems from military engines. F119 engine used on the switch to the first design (the Chinese style is too large-thrust afterburning turbofan engine also uses a high-pressure rotor of the transfer technology); and in the civil engine for the A380 aircraft's Trent 900 engine used in this first types of design (high pressure turbine on the turn). GENX engine also adopts this reversal design, reducing part count and improve efficiency.



GENX engine technology by GE, a long-term accumulation and use of many innovative technologies into the commercial high bypass ratio turbofan engine in one of the most advanced models. Currently, the commercial aviation equipment, high bypass ratio turbofan engine has been the United States as well as GE and Pratt & Whitney Rolls-Royce dominated the UK. Compared to other developed countries, basically only have the air of 15 tons thrust high bypass ratio turbofan engine development capabilities, these three giants have a monopoly in the 30-50 tons of large thrust thrust turbofan engine market, we can see where the technology gap how insurmountable.

Engine industry in China in recent years pre-research, technology validation and model development and other aspects of rapid development. However, because of a late start in the high bypass ratio turbofan engines, China is still not have their own engine models. Still has only IL-76 transport aircraft in the imitation stage with D30 engine, and this engine indexes only the 120-130 kN thrust class, with the GENX engine thrust differ greatly. Moreover, with the rapid development of technology, continuous improvement of the domestic market demand (especially raised large transport aircraft program) and the increasingly fierce international competition in the market engine industry in China poses a severe challenge.

US-ROK joint military exercise simulated 21 million people in drastic changes in the DPRK

Core Tip: Korea and the U.S. starting from the 28th to be held in Korea, code-named "critical determination" of the joint military exercises, training content for the Korea-US joint full-scale war and the local area for provocative exercises. The exercise will last 11 days. It is understood that the United States to consider sending "Ronald Reagan" aircraft carrier to participate in military exercises. Korean People's Army representatives at Panmunjom Ministry said it would take military measures against the joint military exercise.


The United States is considering sending military exercise in 2006 visited South Korea's "Reagan" aircraft carrier (97,000 tons) to participate in joint military exercises.



Data for: 2010 to participate in US-South Korean military exercises the United States Han Huanghai fleet.

South Korean media reported, Korea and the U.S. from today (28) began to be held in Korea, code-named "critical determination" of the joint military exercise. In this regard, the Korean People's Army representatives at Panmunjom Ministry yesterday (27) said in a statement, the military will take resolute measures to deal with the upcoming Korea-US joint military exercises.

Korea-US Combined Forces Command on the 27th that began in the 28th Korea-US will be held in Korea, code-named "critical determination" of the joint military exercises, this exercise will last 11 days. During the exercise, including the United States will send an aircraft carrier and U.S. troops, including 2,300 officers and men, South Korea will send a few divisions above forces. Korea-US joint training content for the local area for the full-scale war and provocative exercises. It is understood that the United States to consider sending "Ronald Reagan" aircraft carrier to participate in military exercises.According to reports, followed by Korea and the U.S. will continue to hold code-named "vulture" joint military exercise, the exercise will continue until the end of April. U.S. will send more than 10,000 officers and men, South Korea, including the reserve forces will be mobilized, including 200,000 officers and men.

According to South Korean government official said, "critical determination" and will be conducted in August this year, "B support freedom fighters," exercise is a provocation for the partial and full war exercises against the DPRK also emerged within the possibility of drastic changes in the situation exercise.

Korean People's Army representatives at Panmunjom 27 authorized the Department issued a statement saying the military will take resolute measures to deal with the upcoming Korea-US joint military exercises. The Korean Central News Agency said in a statement released the same day, Han Meijun thing is very dangerous exercise of military operations, the peninsula is easing tensions in the whole nation, and create a new situation of independent reunification and peace and prosperity "serious challenge."

The statement said that the ROK-US joint military exercises have been announced for North Korea to "drastic changes in the situation," test "local war plan" and for the DPRK's "nuclear weapons and missiles." In this regard, the DPRK will take steps to deal with including "access to offensive posture" in a comprehensive fight against U.S. troops and South Korea's anti-national rule system; will be "total war" approach to deal with the Korea-US "local war plan"; will be " Korean-style nuclear deterrence and missile combat manner "against the Korea-US nuclear threat and missile threats.

In addition, the North Korean military the same day said that if North Korea warned South Korea to continue despite the anti-DPRK psychological warfare, then North Korea will self-defense principle, "direct destroyed" psychological warfare launched by the base. Korean Central News Agency on the 27th, according to reports, the inter-Korean general-level talks, the DPRK delegation to South Korea the same day proposed in the notice of the warning. Notice warned that if South Korea continues this behavior, North Korean military will launch a psychological warfare aimed directly at the South Korean base to be destroyed. South Korea recognizes the notice requirements of the seriousness of the situation and immediately stop anti-DPRK psychological warfare. It is understood that the Korean military from the DPRK early this month has distributed tens of thousands of leaflets, including Egypt and Libya in the outbreak of mass demonstrations and other places and so on.


The situation in North and South Korea can be said from the beginning of the year with signs of easing, including the North Korean issue in a dialogue to keep the signal and the United States led the six-party talks on Korean nuclear issue to the parties concerned to reopen the six-party talks have made positive efforts such as mediation and so on. However, North and South Korea held early this month after talks broke down military work, the ROK-US joint military exercises to be held can be said that the situation is once again dragged into the inter-Korean tensions. In particular, the exercise includes a drastic change for North Korea to the Korean situation and other objectionable content, so the hard-line stance toward the side of the matter is expected.

South Korean Defense Minister Kim said in the previous width of the town, according to analysis of South Korea, North Korea in March may be the "key determination" military provocations before and after exercise. In response, South Korean military has been in the West Sea and the military demarcation line near the northern boundary of enhanced surveillance and other military measures.

Yonhap said the same day comment, the Korea-US joint military exercises aimed at strengthening national defense and security awareness, but this does not completely relieve the tension on the Korean peninsula, only be resolved through dialogue and consultation source of the problem. Analysts pointed out that the Korean government should adjust the usual hard-line policy toward the DPRK, the DPRK should give up the use of force while provocative, show a sincere attitude to make a breakthrough inter-Korean situation.

Core Tip: KCNA Yonhap news agency quoted 27 reported that representatives of the Ministry of Panmunjom, North Korean military said in a statement that if South Korea continued to initiate a provocation against the DPRK will launch full-scale military action to Seoul into a sea of fire. 


Military demarcation line from the North Korean side of the Seoul Metropolitan Government recently 38.757 km. As part of this distance in the long-range artillery within range of North Korea, North Korea capital of South Korea that could be shelled. 



Data for: the ongoing training of North Korean long-range artillery fire. 

Korean Central News Agency, Yonhap news agency quoted 27 reported that the DPRK military Panmunjom said in a statement on behalf of the Department, if South Korea continued to initiate a provocation against the DPRK will launch full-scale military action to Seoul into a sea of fire. 


Reported that the Ministry of Panmunjom said in a statement on behalf of "key decisions" and "Yao Ying" (Foal Eagle) exercise is aimed at North Korea's nuclear weapons and missiles. Therefore, the Korean army and people will "eye for eye, tooth for a tooth", through the nuclear attack and missile attack to defensive back. 

The statement pointed out, if the aggressors use of "local war" provocation initiated the Korean armed forces will carry out comprehensive military strike, let the world see as the "sea of fire tactics" to combat that kind of ruthless force. 

South Korean Joint Chiefs of Staff, said this person, "key decisions" and "Yao Ying" exercise focused on defense against the potential risks in order to improve the exercise. South Korea was 15 communications through the North Korean side of Panmunjom, in the exercise of self-defense exercises are not provocative nature.

U.S. Air Force report says China to build strategic, operational range will exceed the Asia-Pacific

Core Tip: According to the American Thinker Web site (Americanthinker.com) 2 月 23 dated article said that last month, China's new stealth fighter F -20 flight to the international community's attention, because it is precisely in the United States Defense Secretary Robert - Gates during his visit. This is not an isolated incident, but a symptom of a larger event.


Chinese Air Force fighter aircraft equipped with heavy-duty F -11. Chinese Air Force fighter force now is based on three generations of machines as the main.



China's fifth-generation fighter the Air Force F-20 flight plans. F-20 will further expand the scope of the Chinese Air Force operations.

According to the American Thinker Web site (Americanthinker.com) 2 月 23 dated article said that last month, China's new stealth fighter F -20 flight to the international community's attention, because it is precisely in the United States Defense Secretary Robert - Gates during his visit . This is not an isolated incident, but a symptom of a larger event.

The article said that the real combat aircraft has been controversial. J -20 is the same as the U.S. F-22 air superiority fighter with? Permeability bombers or sea or against a platform? In addition, it can reach the level of fifth-generation fighter will depend on their electronic equipment and software systems and other projects; and these can not be determined only by a photograph.However, it is clear that China has been far ahead of the expected R & D -20 F, which indicates that the desire since the end of the Cold War in a way not to challenge U.S. air superiority.

This week, the Pentagon's National Air and Space Intelligence Center (NASIC) published a People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) study. The report predicts that the Chinese Air Force, "2020 will be one of the world's first air force," and its is working "to expand the scope and lethality." Chinese Air Force is trying to become the mission beyond defending the homeland, "a strategic air force." According to the National Aeronautics and Space Intelligence Center, said the Chinese Air Force will "shape the future operational environment for the Asia-Pacific region, and may even one day beyond the scope of the region."

It is reported that the studies had not been made public. But "Defense Week" early access to a copy of the report, and in February 21 of that period from Wendell - Minnick (Wendell Minnick) which made a report.

Minnick's report says: Traditionally, the main task of the Chinese Air Force is to defend the territorial security, but now need to maintain China's interests beyond their borders. Since the 20th century, 90 years, China has largely completed the modernization of Taiwan around. Today, the Chinese Air Force began to pay attention to Japan, India and South China Sea situation. Last summer, the Chinese Air Force and the Navy conducted a large-scale military exercises involving foreign-related disputes, ranging from Japan's expansion to the South China Sea and the waters around the Korean peninsula.


At the same time, the same period, "Defense News" headlines talking about the compression of U.S. military spending, particularly related to the content of the procurement of new weapons; because Washington is in financial crisis.According to the article reports, the Pentagon responsible for a large number of budget deficits, as it is by the economic downturn and domestic consumption due to project prices. February 16, Gates said the U.S. House Armed Services Committee, the U.S. Navy in order to achieve the target with 313 ships financing is a very difficult task. He questioned whether the Air Force in the mid of this century, 20 years to purchase new tankers, F-35 Joint Strike Fighter and a new bomber.

Department of Defense audit supervisor, Robert - Hall (Robert Hale) said that despite the February 11 House of Representatives lawmakers proposed a new estimation of the 2011 annual defense spending, the Pentagon is "worried about where the funding is too low estimate."

Meanwhile, F-22 production ceiling has been set at 187. Since the decline of American power, prosperity and development in Asia, China wants to become "air supremacy" would be more encouraged by the desire.

U.S. Defense Secretary said the administration should not be a ground invasion from the Third World countries

Core Tip: 25 U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates as defense secretary last time a speech at West Point. In his address he said, "If any future President once again recommended to the Secretary of Defense in Asia, the Middle East or Africa, large-scale ground troops 'should check his brain is normal,'" the U.S. Army should be downsizing and cost cutting.

Data Figure: U.S. forces in Iraq, patrolling the streets. The United States in Iraq and Afghanistan spent a lot of military resources

The painful lessons of the Korean War half a century ago, so that when the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Brad Renmei Jun Lee lamented, "If the Korean War to expand into China, it is at the wrong time, wrong place, wrong enemy and hit a Field wrong war. " Now the U.S. military into a quagmire in Iraq and Afghanistan, U.S. Defense Secretary Gates, 25, issued a similar sigh again: "If any future President once again recommended to the Secretary of Defense in Asia, the Middle East or Africa, large-scale ground troops, 'should be checkedHis brain is normal '. "

Prediction will be high-end air and sea-based conflict

26 Reuters, said the last time Gates 25, Secretary of Defense as a speech at West Point. He said the Army is facing a more complex security environment, it is necessary to lighter, more mobile in the direction of transformation and the need to do face tighter budget preparation. U.S. Army will find that in the future is unlikely to have the opportunity to put into large-scale mechanized ground combat, the Army will be increasingly difficult to find reasons to maintain the existing structure and the huge expenditure.

Boston News website will be Gates's speech summed up as "Iraq-style war, no future," reported that Bill Gates's future vision is now much smaller scale than the ground troops, equipped with heavy firepower with fewer, and will no longer participate in such as Iraq or large-scale war in Afghanistan anti-guerrilla operations such action. United Press International said that the United States, Gates told students graduating the U.S. Army, "Future Navy and Air Force will play a more important role", if the United States to reduce military presence in Afghanistan, the Army will have to face the Navy and Air Force are in the budget more support for the reality. "Army must face the fact that, whether in Asia, the Gulf region or any other place on the U.S. military, the most likely to occur mainly navy and air force will end the conflict."

Another headache for Bill Gates is the U.S. Army's rigid system. United States, "Army Times" said, as "the rigidity of reinforced concrete-like system" could allow the U.S. Army lost a lot of good officers. Reported that the U.S. Army over the past decade "too tight, too tired," When the war drew to a close, how will they stay in the army is a priority.

America has never been accurately predict the next war

Army transformation in emphasizes the same time, Gates has not forgotten to mention China and Russia once again on the U.S. threat of military modernization. He said, "we are facing security challenges beyond Iraq and Afghanistan. These include terrorism and weapons of mass destruction, is searching for terrorists, Iran, North Korea, Russia and China's military modernization, the collapse and the collapse of the government is , the Middle East the revolutionary, network, pirates, natural and man-made disasters. "

But in what way future conflicts, Gates cautious about. Agence France-Presse quoted him as saying, "In my view, any future Secretary of Defense, the President again if he proposed to Asia, the Middle East or Africa, large-scale ground troops 'should check his brain is normal'." Gates also said, "repeated addition or a war in Iraq --- Afghanistan invasion, repression, managing a lot of third world countries --- the possibility of very low." Gates said, he suggested that U.S. troops should not be Police chased the guerrillas as the construction work or school. Foreign military intervention should be based on the future "by the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, composed of rapid mobility of airborne or special forces expeditionary force" model implementation.

Gates also acknowledged that the United States from the failure to accurately forecast the next war. "From the (Puerto Rico) Mayaguez to Grenada, and Panama, Somalia, the Balkans, Haiti, Kuwait, Iraq ... ... in any year before a military operation, we do not know such a large scale intervention."

What kind of future will the U.S. military?


Bill Gates Speech at West Point, the U.S. military by many Western media as a symbol of a new round of restructuring. Liu Jiangping 27 Chinese military experts told the "Global Times" reporter, the U.S. military on this issue actually took a detour. He said that early in the Vietnam War, the United States had recognized that large-scale ground troops involved in long-term consequences of the conflict worse. However, with technology leading the U.S. military establishment, carried away the victory by a series of local conflicts the Pentagon that the U.S. high-tech can help in any type of war victory. The then U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld praised the U.S. military transformation is to establish a high-tech armed with advanced units, including lighter, but stronger army firepower. But with the war on terror to promote, this light is difficult to meet battlefield needs of troops, Gates took office, to ensure the needs of the war on terror can only large-scale reduction of advanced air and sea equipment. Gates made the transition now, even if there actually is to identify advanced equipment, it is difficult to overcome the problem of large-scale ground combat.

Liu Jiangping said, it is worth noting that, Gates said that no large-scale only to send ground troops to Asia and Africa, in fact, rely on future U.S. naval and air forces of more non-contact combat advantage, taking the operational mode of long-range precision strike . Number of countries including China, may face a greater threat.

British SBS special forces rescued 150 people sneak into the Libyan oil field workers

Core Tip: use of the British Air Force transport aircraft from the 26th secret unrest in the southern Libyan desert oil field about 150 countries rescued trapped by the UK media group praised as "like a gripping action movie-like."The British sent two C-130 "Hercules" transport plane, equipped with Britain's most elite special forces "special boat squadron."

Data Figure: British Army Special boat squadron - SBS special forces training


Data Figure: C-130 transport aircraft with excellent STOL capabilities, landing in the flat off the ground.

Use of RAF transport aircraft from 26 secret unrest in the southern Libyan desert oil field about 150 countries rescued trapped by the UK media group praised as "like a gripping action movie-like."

British media almost without exception, the success of the rescue of the headlines as a 27, which also previously been subjected to "inadequate evacuation of Libya" plagued the British Government to save face. British "Observer" 27, said that the secret rescue plan is in the previous Prime Minister made an emergency security meeting, the plan a high degree of confidentiality to the defense minister from Prime Minister Cameron Fox, a senior official revealed no rescue tone. British "Daily Mirror" 27, said the rescue authorities did not get any assistance Gaddafi of Libya, the British completely independently. The British sent two C-130 "Hercules" transport plane, carrying Britain's most elite special forces "special boat squadron." Expected to set up road from their sneaked into Libya's second largest city in southern Benghazi.According to reports, the British Air Force ordered 66 C-130K, numbered "Hercules" C.MK.1. Of which 30 fuselage was extended 4.57 meters to accommodate more cargo or personnel, has been renamed "Hercules" C.Mk.3 type, and to install air refueling pipe.

British "Sunday Independent" 27, explained that due to the complicated field of destination, the local oil workers in addition, there are many armed factions.A person was rescued, said the entire operation is very confidential, they are almost the last minute rescue operation was told, because once the media know ahead of time, the consequences may be quite different. Another person was rescued, recalled that they were connected to the transport plane waiting to take off when he heard the sound of nearby gunfight. The BBC said the two were rescued by full military transport plane had arrived in the Mediterranean countries, Malta. Royal Air Force long-distance from the desert to rescue the trapped person's actions in fact, difficult to implement large, a few days to carefully planned results.


At the same time has the latest news said that a camp in the Libyan desert in southern and found that about 300 British citizens trapped. To this end, the British navy frigate "Cumberland" was being ordered to return to port of Benghazi in eastern Libya on his way. However, the British "Sunday Telegraph" also warned that the UK in recent years to slash the defense budget, so the British can be involved in emergency rescue operations, special forces such number is down to only one battalion size. Reported that the future of Libya if the recurrence of similar unrest, the United Kingdom may not be able to conduct such a rescue operation. In fact, in order to ensure the supply of military supplies in A Yingjun, British special forces have to ensure that even the most basic training equipment around for help. According to the plan, the British Navy within this year will be reduced by 4 frigates, including the evacuation operation is involved in Libya, "Cumberland" was.

Japan considered commensurate investment in disputed islands with Russia

Core Tip: Japanese Foreign Minister Maehara on the 26th that the Japanese government is considering cooperation with the Russian investment projects in the Kuril Islands. Provided that no change to the Russo-Japanese territorial dispute over Japan's position. Russian Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov said Russia also recently after the island and in the country to deploy troopsEtorofu island, and the establishment of a military camp.


Data Figure: Japanese Foreign Minister Maehara take the Coast Guardinspection of the aircraft from the air there ownership dispute with Russia,Japan, the four northern islands (known as the South Kuril Islands, Russia).



Data Figure: Russia said recently that Russia would date a strategic nuclear submarine "尤里多尔戈鲁基" No attachment to the Pacific Fleet.

Japanese Foreign Minister Seiji Maehara, 26, said the Japanese government is considering cooperation with the Russian investment projects in the KurilIslands. Russian Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov said Russia after theIsland and in the country to deploy troops Etorofu island, and theestablishment of a military camp.

The southern Kuril Islands, Habomai, Shikotan, and after the country was under Japanese Etorofu four islands known as the four northern islands(known as the South Kuril Islands, Russia). For a long time, Russia and Japan inthe ownership of four islands has been to each other, disputes continued.


Japan's "Daily News " reports quoted the words of the original before, "Foreign Ministry is studying the (Kuril Islands on the Japan-Russia cooperationin the investment) of the proposed feasibility", provided that does not changeJapan's position on the Russo-Japanese territorial dispute.

26, according to Russian news agency reported the same day, Russian Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov said Russia "Borey"class strategic nuclear submarine the first one, "尤里多尔戈鲁基"sign will be the first with the PacificFleet.

He said that currently is building two factories, "Borey"class of new strategic nuclear submarine, the "尤里多尔戈鲁基" number and "Alexander Nevsky"was.This two submarines at sea at the end of this year will complete ballistic missile"Bulava" test. "尤里多尔戈鲁基"sign will be delivered to the Pacific Fleet in 2012.

Libyan demonstrators built the interim government, saying that control 80% of the territory

Core Tip: 27, Libya 12 days into the unrest, protesters claim to have controlled 80% of the territory of Libya. The United Nations estimates, the Libyan anti-government demonstrations since February 15 since the outbreak, more than 1,000 people were killed. 26, the UN Security Council unanimously adopted a resolution imposing an arms embargo on Libya, Gaddafi and their families overseas travel ban and freezing their overseas assets.
The United Nations on February 26 this newspaper (Xinhua seats to Wang, Wu Yun) 26 United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted a resolution on the question of Libya, the Libyan expressed grave concern the current situation and decided to impose an arms embargo on Libya, Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi banned key members of their families, who travel abroad and to freeze the Gaddafi and related personnel of overseas assets.

Chinese Ambassador Li Baodong the same day the UN Security Council draft resolution on Libya made after speaking in explanation of vote, said: "In this process, to ensure the security of countries and interests of the Libyan nationals." He said: "Taking into account Libya The current very exceptional circumstances and the concerns of Arab and African countries and ideas, the Chinese delegation to the Security Council passed the Resolution No. 1970 voted in favor. "

Li Baodong pointed out that China is very concerned about the volatile situation in Libya, that the immediate cessation of violence is imperative to avoid further bloodshed and civilian casualties, to restore stability and normal social order, through dialogue and other peaceful means to resolve the current crisis.

Newspaper in Cairo February 27 (Xinhua Huangpei Zhao, Zhang Mengxu) 27, into the twelfth day of turmoil in Libya. Gaddafi's son Saif said Libya 3 / 4 the normal life of the people on the land continues. But the protesters claimed to have controlled 80% of the Libyan territory.

According to the Dubai-based Arab television station reported 27, the western city of Tripoli by protesters occupied zawyet day. But the British media reports said, as at 26, the Libyan capital Tripoli, Gaddafi and his supporters still control the hands. 26, the Tripoli store is still open, there is still the main pedestrian street. Gaddafi's supporters occupied the center of the green square to show support for Gaddafi.

Occupied by protesters in the eastern city of Benghazi, has announced the resignation of the Minister of Justice Miller, 26, announced his decision Ebodujia establish "interim government", the decision was welcomed by many people. According to the news of the day some time later, said the Libyan ambassador in Washington to support this approach.

Saif 26, told the Arab television interview, stressed that Libya is happening now is totally a conspiracy of Western countries, the internal forces in cooperation with the West against Libya and the country aimed at subverting the hostile forces, the collapse of a Libyan political tricks.

Since the outbreak of riots in Libya since the Qadhafi 25, the third appearance.He stood high in Tripoli's Green Square to thousands of people to support his speech, said: "Be prepared for the Libyan battle! Ready to fight for the dignity! Ready to fight for oil!" He added, if necessary, will be open arsenals, so that anti-government supporters armed with access to weapons and fighting.

The United Nations estimates, the Libyan anti-government demonstrations since February 15 since the outbreak, more than 1,000 people were killed.Geneva-based UNHCR said 27 in the past week, more than 10 million people have fled to Libya.

Obama, 26, said Gaddafi's rule has lost its legitimacy, it is now time for him to leave. The United States has announced the closure of the embassy in Libya, to withdraw all diplomats, unilateral sanctions against Libya, does not rule out military action. Obama has signed an executive order freezing the assets of Gaddafi family and senior officials, together with the Government of Libya, the Libyan central bank and sovereign wealth funds are frozen as well.


Egypt Suez Canal University political professor Hadi Bu told this reporter that the situation in Libya is more complex than imagined and turbulence, it is very embarrassing and difficult situation Gaddafi, faced from Western governments to their strong pressure to step down immediately. However, Gaddafi still controls the domestic media, the capital is still in his hand. Hadi Bu told reporters according to the website to enter the Libyan media, web pages, found that 27 issue of the Libyan Arabic media, "Sun" headline with the headline: "revolutionary leader Muammar Gaddafi brothers praised the people in the Green Plaza Libya's courageous defense of sovereignty. " "The Sun" on the front page of another article said, have appeared everywhere to support Libya's Gaddafi's mass demonstrations, pledged to rally around Gaddafi.

According to Reuters, the situation deteriorated to the Libyan oil exports to Japan declined by 160 million barrels, the international demand for crude oil on a significant increase in Iran. Iran in the Persian Gulf near the store before a large number of crude oil, can be easily exported to these oil countries in Europe and Asia, the use of Libya upheaval profit. Despite international sanctions, but Iranian Oil Ministry official said, now is not the time to discuss international sanctions, because other countries need our oil. But as OPEC members, Iran said OPEC will be given to comply with the export quota.

Supervisor 3 years China Sea on the regulation of foreign military survey ship 100 trips

Core Tip: State Oceanic Administration said today that at present, China's maritime surveillance in the waters under the jurisdiction of China to maintain 9 per day to monitor law enforcement boats Shanghai, four in Shanghai on duty monitoring the frequency of aircraft at sea, on the waters under the jurisdiction of all regular Cruise rights enforcement. Only the 2007-2010 survey of foreign military tracking ship in the waters of the implementation of activities under my supervision to more than 100 trips.


October 26, 2010, China's maritime surveillance system designed law enforcement official the fastest boat, "China Sea monitoring 75" special law enforcement boats out into the South China Sea China Sea Corps supervision.



Data Figure: China's implementation of maritime surveillance aircraft, the air patrols.

State Oceanic Administration said today that at present, China's maritime surveillance in the waters under the jurisdiction of China to maintain 9 per day to monitor law enforcement boats Shanghai, four in Shanghai on duty monitoring the frequency of aircraft at sea, on the waters under the jurisdiction of all rights to regular law enforcement patrol . Only the 2007-2010 survey of foreign military tracking ship in the waters of the implementation of activities under my supervision to more than 100 trips.

Rights law in full swing

Since 2006, the State Council, China has in the East China Sea monitoring, Yellow Sea, South China Sea in the north and south of the South China Sea waters under the jurisdiction rights to carry out periodic cruise, and the establishment of the whole area on a regular basis Rights cruise system. As of December 2010, total ship monitoring the implementation of the China Sea Cruise 1668 meeting regularly Rights, range 1.6 million sea miles; out maritime surveillance aircraft, 1944 vehicles, a range of about 1.98 million km; only in 2010 found that more than 400 types of violations from the alleged infringement , occurred in waters under the jurisdiction of the various types of illegal or irregular conduct a timely and effective supervision.

Cruise rights organizations on a regular basis in the law, the Chinese maritime surveillance has also implemented a number of special rights enforcement. In 2006, the East China Sea oil and gas exploration and development of special escort; 2007, in the South China Sea, two special enforcement action carried out; 2008, in the South China Sea, Nansha, Zhongsha islands, cruising the occupation of law enforcement, law enforcement cruising at or near the Diaoyu Islands, and the special law enforcement patrol the Olympic cable; 2009, the South China Sea Geological Survey conducted a special enforcement escort, escort the South China Sea southeast of the special investigation work.

In 2010, the China Sea monitoring a certain area of the South China Sea on the implementation of a survey carried out special operations convoy in the waters surrounding Speculation about Chunxiao Oilfield conducted a special enforcement patrol of the South China Sea offshore field operations organizations develop a special escort. For example, in June 2010 to August, the China Sea monitoring organizations, 19 ocean surveillance ship, four maritime surveillance aircraft, the South China Sea a sea of my survey work to implement the implementation of a special escort. Escort process, the China Sea Fleet Air monitoring were intercepted, expelled 228 foreign interference ship vessels, merchant ships of the past 28 early warning and advised from the boats into the operating area of 12. September, monitoring organizations China Sea East China Sea oil and gas special rights enforcement, foreign and various targets were found in 28, the effective maintenance of maritime rights and interests me.

It is understood that China Sea this year, regularly monitor the full implementation of rights in the law enforcement system, cruise under the premise of the provincial marine monitoring organizations will be involved in promoting the rights Cruise enforcement.

Strengthen law enforcement

In accordance with relevant laws and regulations, carried out according to the China Sea sea area use monitoring, marine environmental protection, sand mining, submarine cable protection, protection of the law enforcement island, for many years to carry out reclamation activities focused on investigating major illegal "sea shield" special enforcement action, investigation of major environmental damage incidents "blue sea" special law enforcement actions and the "culture with the sea", "sea sand mining", "protection of cables" and other special law enforcement actions, violations of various types of marine high pressure situation to continue, year after year a large rate increased crackdown.


According to statistics, from 2006 to 2009, the national maritime law enforcement inspection items total of 9.6 million, found violations since 8383, which made the decision 5398, the actual collection of a fine of 1.51 billion; 2006 to 2010, "Sea Shield" special enforcement actions were registered and 439, made the decision 419, the actual fines collected 1.29 billion yuan; 2006-2009, the national environmental protection law enforcement inspection items 14000, found a total offense since 2703, a total of 1902 made the punishment decision, the decision A total of 077 million yuan fines; 2009-2010, "clear water" special law enforcement actions were registered and 738, closed 715, a fine collection of 049 million yuan; 2010, the national marine monitoring organizations, checked all kinds of items 29176 and found illegal behavior since 1836, has made the decision 826 to determine the amount of 7.1 billion fine.

This year, the China Sea will be started monitoring all sea oil and gas exploration and development of cruise periodic inspection of law enforcement work, establish and improve the daily law enforcement and inspection of marine engineering systems, Protection and Development of Island law enforcement system of regular inspections and enforcement inspection standards, strengthen the baseline point of patrolling the island protection; organizations "protect the Island 2011" special law enforcement actions, and focus on the historical legacy of the island management and investigation of major cases of illegal work island. (Source: Legal Daily)

Russia will deliver to China the first three long-range early warning radarballoon portability

Core Tip: Russia "diviner - Russia's aviation system, " Scientific Production Association, chairman of Verba February 24 announced the Group's "diviner"floating Flight Center shares the company is for foreign customers (China)recycling a can Long-range early warning radar system to carry the "Puma "high-altitude balloon, plans to deliver the end of the first quarter of this year.

Russian long-range early warning radar system that can carry the "Puma"high-altitude balloon

According to the Russian military news network reported February 24 that Russia "diviner - Russia's aviation system, " Scientific Production Association, chairman of Verba February 24 announced the Group's "diviner" floatingshares in the company is as Flight Center Foreign customers (China) recreating a long-range early warning radar system capable of carrying the "Puma " high-altitude balloon, plans to deliver the end of the first quarter of this year.


Verba said, "Puma" high-altitude balloon pilot phase of the factory is about toend, ground tests will be conducted in a hospital of national defense research institutes, where there must be suited to such a large high-altitude tethered balloon test the vast space. The balloon program in Moscow early in Marchoutside 佩列斯韦特 public display, and then delivered to the Chinese side. He said: "We should end the first quarter of 2011 to deliver the high-altitudeballoon Order side, only the balloon itself and the jacket, there is no target device. This will be our third of the country to deliver high-altitude balloon.From a financial point of view Point of view, the company will complete theorders of considerable importance. "

Earlier, Russian media reported that Russia has been China's supply of the two "Puma " high-altitude balloons, tethered balloon that can carry air-defensemissions dedicated to the implementation of the remote search and early warning radar, can stay aloft for about 3,000 meters 30-35 days, no landing,day or night radar surveillance and observation tasks. In addition, it also used to protect high traffic, protect land and other tasks.

Zhu Guangya: my life is the development of China's major nuclear weapons


Core Tip: 50 from the late 20th century, engaged in the development of nuclear weapons work in 2005 to over eighty years of age retirement, Zhu Guangya and nuclear "deal" for almost half a century. "The main job of my life on this thing - to engage China's nuclear weapons." Zhu Guangya has recalled.


Department of Physics, Jilin University, 1953, atomic physics course at the semester examination, Professor Zhu Guangya Chen Jiaer to his students, is an oral interview.



Zhu Guangya, and Chen Yi in the inspection of the atomic bomb base.



The fall of 1993, Zhu Guangya Lop Nur in Xinjiang test base.

Zhu Guangya, was born in December 1924, Hubei Wuhan, the main cause of nuclear science and one of the pioneers, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Engineering Fellow, Honorary Chairman of China Association for Science and Technology, the former President, former president of Chinese Academy of Engineering, party secretary of China Eighth CPPCC Ninth National Committee of Vice-Chairman.

April 1956 joined the Communist Party of China. 1942-1945 Study of Physics at the Southwest Associated University. 1946-1950 University of Michigan in the United States Department of Physics, Nuclear Physics, Graduate School of Graduate Studies and a doctorate.

China has participated in the atomic and hydrogen bombs in the testing and development, then build nuclear power plants have been organized and implemented (such as the Nuclear Power Station), and participated in the "863 Program" of the formulation and implementation. Chinese Academy of Engineering also participated in the preparatory work. 1999, was "bombs and one satellite Meritorious Medal."

At 10:30 on February 26, 87-year-old superstar Zhu Guangya stopped scientific thinking, from the legendary and mysterious life, full stop. But the sky on his "Zhu Yaxing" will shine forever.

This "very good friends," Lee commented: he is very well organized Wang Ganchang, Peng Huan Wu, Guo Yonghuai, way to open A, Deng Jiaxian, Chen W, Zhou Guangzhao, Yu Min, Huang ZQ, Lu Zuyin and thousands of distinguished scientists and engineers technical staff of the "two bombs" developed, in his "two bombs" Development is the "technology of public Shuai Shuai" ... ...

"The main job of my life on this thing - to engage China's nuclear weapons"

The late 50s from the 20th century to join the development work on nuclear weapons by the year 2005 to over eighty years of age retirement, Zhu Guangya and nuclear "deal" for almost half a century.

"The main job of my life on this thing - to engage China's nuclear weapons." Zhu Guangya has recalled.

July 1, 1959, Song Renqiong, who put 35-year-old Zhu Guangya, please go and invite him to the leadership of the atomic bomb nuclear weapons research development work. Zhu Guangya, the heart was very excited. In August 1946, 22-year-old physicist Wu Ta-you, he was selected, and the United States to study with Lee, who, when he chose to enter the University of Michigan, studying nuclear physics doctorate. Student travel on the sea to pursue the dream finally came true.

Since then, starting from the pioneering research of nuclear weapons, Zhu Guangya, China's first atomic bomb to the development as a technical organization and leadership, but also in science and technology of nuclear weapons development program organizers and leaders.

At 3:00 p.m. on October 16 1964 the whole, a brown mushroom cloud in the northwest desert of China into the sky. Because the wrong way, Zhu Guangya, a pedestrian has not yet arrived at the hills stations, the atomic bomb exploded. Zhu Guangya, also turned to their way of looking at the mushroom cloud is rising, can not help but shed a tear.

Zhu Guangya, only drunk alcohol once in this life, that is, the success of the first atomic bomb exploded at night.

After 1972, Lee returned to the motherland could be seen every year and Zhu Guangya, but Zhu Guangya on their achievements and contribution have never mentioned. Lee is also the information from the public, Zhu Guangya know friends in the development of the atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb team of scientists played a very important role. The reason why this team of scientists "great", not only because it contains a number of eminent scientists, but also because the overall efficiency of the team is high, overall creativity, playing particularly well.

"Bombs and one satellite" fathers have praised Wu Peng Huan Zhu Guangya, "careful arrangements for a good provincial competition, the overall scheme of good communication and deal with internal and external are exquisite," "bombs and one satellite" fathers praised Cheng Zhu Guangya open a "thoughtful, grasp the channel," while the higher-ups Zhu Guangya, said the "outstanding scientific and technological handsome before."

In retrospect, Zhu Guangya, has repeatedly mentioned: the cause of nuclear weapons is a collective cause, everything is collective honor. I'm just one of them is a representative.

"The construction of the motherland we need urgently"

Patriotism is always a source of spiritual power Zhu Guangya. The end of February 1950, Zhu Guangya not yet completed their studies quickly whisked away, in love of his girlfriend, also a future wife, returned to New China via Hong Kong. Before that, he and 52 other students signed a letter sent to the Chinese students in America's open letter, the letter called out: the construction of the motherland we need urgently!

Returned to China after Zhu Guangya, became the youngest professor of Peking University.

CPPCC Vice Chairman, Chairman of China Association for Science, Chinese Academy of Engineering Zhu Guangya ... ... these are held for some time and even multiple roles of work duties.

March 1994, at the Second Session of the Eighth CPPCC National Assembly elections, the re-reading a brief resume Zhu Guangya, the CPPCC National Committee members are deeply shock, 96% of the members agreed to co-opted as Vice Chairman Zhu Guangya.

Zhu Guangya, the credit but not in the "bombs and one satellite" feats, he was also the field of defense technology with colleagues hailed as a strategic vision of the scientists. When he was Minister of People's Liberation Army General Armament Department, the incumbent member of the Central Military Commission, the General Political Department Director Li had some resistance to evaluation, Zhu Guangya, was a man of strategic vision and visionary scientists. He participated, including the "1956-1967 Development of Science and Technology Vision Plan" New China, including previous long-term development planning of the State ... ... 30 years after 1970, he has been responsible for leading our research and development of nuclear weapons technology , in the center of high science and technology policy, devote themselves to exploring the development of nuclear weapons with Chinese characteristics, the way ... ...

When CAST Chairman, Zhu Guangya, CAST is the people's organizations has been emphasized, is the scientific workers of the home, the tendency to avoid administration. To act in the intellectuals to make sense of coming home.

To appeal to the whole society to respect and appreciation of science literacy, the China Association for Science in the 5 years, perhaps a public speech of his life one of the largest period.

Zhu Guangya, the work around in 10 years, said the secretary Chen Jianping, Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1994 to create, Zhu Guangya, as the first President. He was evasive on many occasions, and put forward candidates as they see fit, but still be identified as candidates for president, and in June that year the establishment of the China Academy of Engineering academician and the first meeting, unanimously elected the first president.

"I personally just a member of the collective, done some work"

Decades ago, in Beijing, a large yard, a group of children are chatting together.I do not know who is suddenly raised a question: Our father and mother do?Actually no one can answer it. Some people say: we recall, is not it time the nuclear test, our parents are not in Beijing. "Everybody a validation, and sure enough in a business trip, went to the Northwest Territories. Confirmed this fact, we are very sacred and quietly sat for a long time." Recalling the personal experience stories, Zhu Asia son Zhu Mingyuan eyes mist.

More than 10 years of time, Zhu Guangya, and the children can not also see a few times a year, is reporting back to Beijing a few days. Because of the special cause, Zhu Guangya experience known. But this is a very low-key Zhu Guangya also related. Over the years, have failed to see the article describing Zhu Guangya, in fact, is not nobody write, but to write the article to him pass the test, not detained down, is because they do not agree to be returned and published. He always said, the first to write someone else, my later.

In 2004, Zhu Guangya, 80 years old. In recognition of his scientific and technological undertakings in China, especially the development of nuclear science and technology to make outstanding contributions to the International Minor Planet Center and the International Committee approved the asteroid named National Astronomical Observatories of China found that the international number is officially named asteroid No. 10388, "Zhu Yaxing" . In "Zhu Yaxing" naming ceremony, he said the ground level: the asteroid named after me, I do not dare ... ... I personally just a member of the collective has done some work. I can not forget the party of trust and care about me, forget the support and help my old leadership, and help each other colleagues.

Zhu Guangya, indifferent to fame and fortune, then Chinese Academy of Engineering, can all have memories of the Secretary-General GE, 1996, Zhu Guangya, Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation for Scientific and won the Technical Achievement Award of 1 million Hong Kong dollars reward. He got bonus checks, immediately donated to the China Engineering Technology Engineering Technology Award prize fund. He had saved more than 46,000 yuan royalties, also donated to a foundation of CAST. Is to save his own, often writing negative things to get calendar, if you only write one sentence, he would tear that one down, rather than a whole sheet of paper.


Zhu Guangya, on the very particular about food, what to eat anything. He likes to wear an old cloth uniforms, although the old, but it is clean and agile. Agile he is such a person, studying in the U.S. during his grades are all A, for 4 years get a scholarship. According to Ms. Zhu Guangya Xu Huijun, who recalls that the American professor who think the answer sheet to see Zhu Guangya is a kind of enjoyment, as he has always been clean and clear noodles.

Zhu Mingyuan and because of this influence to benefit his father. "I had just started work, my colleagues and leaders Doukua very detailed. They can not think of my father at home and often say 'scatterbrain'." Zhu Mingyuan, said: We are very strict father, but this is not strict and harsh, His attitude is very moderate man, that is, words and deeds.

Development of Indian-made LCA fighters finally served nearly 30 years

Core Tip: New Year at the beginning, the Indian-made "brilliant" (LCA) to get the Indian light combat aircraft, "Air Operations Certificate" to begin mass production and equip Indian Air Force. Department of the Air Force Command College, deputy director of the Kingdom after the installation of new aircraft, said Colonel aerodynamic configuration is also not reasonable even though it will not be the Indian Air Force's "leader", but after all, the Indian fighter to achieve a zero breakthrough.


India's "glorious" light fighter.



New Kingdom, super pilot, the National Advisory Committee on Military Products stereotypes experts, the Air Force air theorists, 2800 hours of flight safety.

News Tip: New Year at the beginning, the Indian-made "brilliant" (LCA) to get the Indian light combat aircraft, "Air Operations Certificate" to begin mass production and equip Indian Air Force, currently planned to equip 200, used to replace old MiG -21 fighters. "Brilliant" and after many years of research "journey" and eventually became immortal, that the Indian aviation industry in India in particular is a great inspiration: they finally have their own fighter aircraft developed to become one of the few independent research and development fighter capabilities. To learn more about the latest equipment, the Indian Air Force's "brilliant" fighters, the Air Force Command College, particularly after you install the new Associate Director of the Kingdom of interpretation for the reader colonel.

For nearly 30 years cast a "Sword", "brilliant" Why is it so tough fighter born

January 2011, India's "glorious" light fighter finally "get card" production.Looking back on the road of development, from the dress of India plans to develop long-term development of new fighters to determine their own so far, nearly 30 years.

A fighter for so long, rare in the history of aviation, but it also shows that really bumpy road of independent innovation, the wings of fighter planes is not easy to hold.

Back in the early 80s of last century, India has proposed to develop LCA light aircraft, and thus promote the development of the Indian aviation industry. To do this, you must complete three of India is extremely difficult task: development of aircraft fly-system, multi-function radar and turbojet engines.Therefore, the foreign partners in the first few.

As originally conceived, LCA research and development goals is a light supersonic multi-role fighter, which should have high mobility, equipment, modern avionics and weapons systems to meet 21st century needs of the first 20 years of operations. In addition assume the role of air defense fighter, but also a ground attack capability, support for ground forces to complete the task. Demonstrator flight plan 1990-1991, the year 2000, 10 squadrons (230) -21 MiG fighter dress.

Indeed, India 1980, released the LCA plan, but until 10 years later, Dassault Aviation in France was barely able to help the overall design. Meanwhile, many U.S. companies to support product and technology, 1995 was made the first technology demonstrator aircraft. Development of the aircraft control system as a fax again and again of the originally scheduled first flight in 1996, the validation machine, 4 years after the completion of taxiing to the January 4, 2001 before lift-off.

In 2003, the Indian air show "brilliant" debut, the plane kept strictly confidential Foreign fighters over the past carried out both air show, has done a static display around the aircraft on display, including guided bombs, missiles and rockets, including its All on-board weapons, indicating not only air combat capability, but also with ground attack capability.

To January 2009, "brilliant" fighters to complete 1000 test flight. Since then, the Indian Air Force aircraft were delivered to trial. January 2011, "brilliant" fighters allowed to formal service, be developed for nearly 30 years of painting a full stop.

Why LCA research and development of the road so long? First, because the Indian industry, especially the aviation industrial base, in order to complete the design in the near future, research and development tasks difficult. In addition, the Indian authorities to the LCA index set too high expectations too high.Over the years, the Indian authorities to various pressures, escalating the various technical and tactical LCA indicators are aimed at all aspects of technology and world-class level, so the prototype aircraft, the factory makes repeated delays.

Service ceiling 15,950 m, the maximum payload of 4 tons, maximum speed of Mach 1.7, the new drive service does not account for "Ngau Tau"

"Brilliant" fighter key performance indicators are: wingspan of 8.2 meters, captain 13.2 m, Height 4.4 meters; Service ceiling, 15,950 m; aircraft empty weight of 5.5 tons, the largest payload of 4 tons, the engine thrust of 8.165 tons; maximum flight speed of Mach 1.7.

This type of aircraft is equipped with 23 mm double-barreled main gun (220 rounds), 7 plug-in points, can be mounted air to air missiles, ground missiles, air-ship missiles, guided bombs, rockets and a variety of conventional bombs and other weapons and equipment.

"Brilliant" performance in line with their own fighter equipped with the world's aviation development mainstream. On the one hand relatively strong perception of information, such as its multi-functional equipment, radar, electronic pod and pilot helmet sight system are in line with the current development trend of mainstream fighter aircraft. On the other hand a relatively strong air to air, ground attack capability, "brilliant" to mount a variety of guided modes can be empty, open spaces and air-ship missiles, with a strong ability in close combat on the ground precision strike capability.

"Brilliant" fighter more advanced control system. It uses advanced digital flight control system, telex, with good reliability and sensitivity. "Double shot technology" to ensure that the pilot hand on the joystick, to complete a variety of operations.

The biggest drawback is the aerodynamic configuration is not reasonable.Three generations from now equipped with a large number of machines, the overwhelming majority have adopted the conventional layout, or a canard, and the "glorious" is used in a unique double-delta wing tailless layout, this drawback is the layout of resistance, the low-speed maneuverability relatively poor condition.

Now, with the Su-30MKI Indian Air Force long-range aircraft and equipment, the Indian Air Force fighters have been established as the core of the heavy equipment system, the MiG -29 and "Mirage" 2000 has been to expand the scale of the mid-range equipment, planning for the replacement MiG -21 The "brilliant" even if the service will not become a fighter aircraft the Indian Air Force's "leader."

Fighter "zero" breakthrough, the value of the currently visible in the future can be expected

"Brilliant" production and deployed fighter, a fighter of India to achieve "zero" breakthrough technology aviation industry has also been greatly improved, and for the subsequent development of new fighters to open the road trip.

In order to catch up with the world development trend of fighters, India did not remain in the "glory" of the level, but actively seek to develop the fifth generation fighter: First, develop their own MCA (medium fighter); the second is the joint development of fifth generation Russian fighter T-50 heavy .

MCA is a mid-sized fighter with stealth capabilities, can be seen as "brilliant" and a large double payment. MCA uses the "brilliant" wing and inlet design, and some "brilliant" system components, and equipment developed in India the "Kaveri" engine. And "brilliant" than, MCA biggest feature is used as a medium-attack aircraft. The aircraft empty weight of 12 tons, 18 tons maximum takeoff weight, the design emphasized stealth, in the body is coated with radar absorbing paint, some weapons and built-in.

T-50 was jointly developed by India and Russia, the fifth generation stealth fighter heavy multi-purpose. Russia and India the two countries agreed in 2016 developed two versions of a single seat and double seat, single-seat T-50 will be equipped with the Russian Air Force, and two-seat T-50 will be equipped with the Indian Air Force. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited will participate in the T-50 design and manufacturing composite parts, and specifically responsible for avionics, electronic warfare and cockpit display system.

India's fifth-generation fighter for the development, will further improve their level of aviation industry, as the "glorious," the follow-up of the improvements would bring significant benefits. Have equipment for "brilliant" fighter, the Indian Air Force made a number of improvements, Hindustan in the first batch of 40 "brilliant" Mk.1, began production Mk.2 version of "brilliant." Improved "glory" will dress up the engine thrust and the replacement of part of a larger outdated equipment.


Indian aviation weapons and equipment development strategy to achieve "the introduction of + independent development of" walking on two legs, on the one hand to ensure that the Indian Air Force has advanced weapons and equipment, on the other hand taking into account the development of Indian aviation industry, which air weapons and equipment for developing countriesThe development of a reference and inspiration.

New Kingdom, super pilot, the National Advisory Committee on Military Products stereotypes experts, the Air Force air theorists, 2800 hours of flight safety. Former Air Force base flight commander, deputy head, the head of the Air Force Command College is currently Associate Director of Logistics and Equipment, Professor. University of Manchester has, such as Cove and Rose Air Force Academy. Subjects had completed more than 10 long-term use in the aviation weaponry research. Army has won third prize of a scientific and technological progress, the Air Force Outstanding Award two theoretical results, third one.

Indian Army dispatched three warships then in Libya Indians arrived after 9 days

Core Tip: According to Indian media reports, the deteriorating security situation in Libya, India has sent three warships leave the Indians in Libya.According to reports, including "La Xiwa number " amphibious transport ships, including the three ships will arrive in Libya after 9 days.

India purchased from the United States, "La Xiwa number " amphibious transport ship


According to Indian media reports, because of deteriorating security situation in Libya, India has sent three warships leave the Indians in Libya. According to reports, including "La Xiwa number " amphibious transport ships, including thethree ships will arrive in Libya after 9 days.

India, "NDTV" Radio 24, said there are about 18,000 Indians in Libya, many of which are services to construction companies. The report quoted government sources as saying that the Indian government dispatched two destroyers and24, had purchased from the United States, "La Xiwa number " amphibioustransport ships to Libya, they will arrive in 12 days. Indians in Tripoli will beequipped with these ships transferred to the Alexandria port in Egypt.

In addition, it was reported that the Indian government has also hired a localprivate yacht can accommodate 1,200 people transferred Indians. The yachtsdepart for Egypt, 24 Benghazi was expected to be in the March 1 return to Egypt, calling at Alexandria, Egypt, air passengers will be set back to India.

White House officials said the United States can be re-deployed tactical nuclear weapons in South Korea 


Core Tip: According to South Korea, "Central Daily" reported on February 28, the White House policy coordinator of weapons of mass destruction, Samore said: "If the South Korean official request to the United States to re-deploy tactical nuclear weapons, the United States will agree to their requests. " 

Data Figure: U.S. B-61 tactical nuclear bombs dropped 

According to South Korea, "Central Daily" reported on February 28, the White House policy coordinator of weapons of mass destruction, Samore said: "If the South Korean official request to the United States to re-deploy tactical nuclear weapons, the United States agreed to his request will be." 

Reported that Samore was held at Tufts University in the United States "against the DPRK should" During the seminar, the premise of personal opinion for the above statement. South Korean Grand National Party before the Party, Chung Mong-joon has advocated "the withdrawal in 1991 from Korea's need to re-deploy U.S. tactical nuclear weapons," Samore said this: "Although the United States to re-deploy tactical nuclear weapons for the position is not sure, but I firmly believe that If the South Korean government a formal request to re-deployment, the American would say 'Yes'. " 


Samore also said: "If the U.S. allies South Korea by North Korea's nuclear development and feel security threat, the request to re-deploy tactical nuclear weapons, the United States agreed to be taken for granted." He said: "Now the United States and overseas through the U.S. nuclear submarine base near the Korean peninsula (nuclear) military forces can defend South Korea to fully re-deployment of tactical nuclear weapons is not military, but the symbolic and political significance. "But he also said that (if re-deployment of it) will be small number of tactical nuclear weapons may be the early 20th century, 90 aircraft equipped for air-dropped component level. 

Reported, Samore said: "The United States depends entirely on the re-deployment of tactical nuclear weapons, the Korean government's decision. Now deployed in South Korea for the re-negotiation is not carried out, I think the South Korean government decided to (request to re-deploy) less likely." 

In addition, Samore said the North Korean nuclear issue: "North Korea in the motivation and ability in excess of the early 20th century, with 80 nuclear development in Iran, in violation of the non-proliferation agreements." Samore stressed that: "Although Obama Ma government claims to 'nuclear-free world', not non-nuclear countries, nuclear retaliation, but which does not include the continued development of nuclear North Korea and Iran.

Laser weapons, the U.S. Navy created a new record, and instantly destroycruise missiles

Core Tip: It SIFY news report, the U.S. Navy create a new world record for laser weapons: the use of new high-precision space-based laser, the time in secondsdestroy cruise missiles. The experiment used a free electron laser, rather than the currently used mostly crystal, glass, solid-state laser, is an innovation.


Data for: "dummy"is the U.S. Air Force airborne laser anti-missile systemsinstant hit.



Laser weapon systems the U.S. Navy (LaWS) in the July 19, 2010 in the marine environment successfully shot down four UAVs. But this test is the new free electron laser.

According to SIFY network reports, the Navy created a new world record of laser weapons: the use of new high-precision space-based laser, the time in seconds destroy cruise missiles.


According to Fox News reported that the coordination of the Office of Naval Research, the scientists continued into the 500 kV accelerator to the prototype of the liquid until it reaches the limit voltage of 320 kV, thereby creating a newworld record. Free electron laser gun injector system director, said, "This is aninnovative approach, before the world, have not used this way. " When asked about the significance of this test when the Navy, Office of Naval Researchprogram manager, said This is a free-electron laser technology faster to thenewer, stronger direction. Military is mostly used in the crystal, glass, laser, and the use of toxic chemical lasers liquid materials. The free electron laser is different from the above two lasers, just inside of the electron injection. Thisprocess requires the constant cycle of energy. In other words, than the existing fleet of carrier-based weapons are more energy efficient and will not reduce the ship's navigation speed.

At present, the free electron laser accelerator technology needs to be placedunderground storage size soccer field, in the size of a small gymnasium space,also filled with a variety of pipelines, conductors, cables.

Navy now need to determine how to use electron beam into the laser rays,and how small accelerators, to equip the destroyer.

Russian officials recognize the Chinese copy of Russian weapons technology into its own

Core Tip: The Russian Federal Military Technical Cooperation Bureau Dmitriyev recently told "Kommersant" of the interview, said the scale of military-technical cooperation between China and Russia continued to decline, primarily from intellectual property disputes and the Chinese military industry caused by the rapid development. He also said in the interview to improve China's own imitation weapons no longer look like when the Russian offer.


Chinese-made J-11BS shape with Russian-made Su -30 fighter similar, but their internal equipment are made.

According to the Russian military news network reported on February 25, the Russian Federal Military and technical cooperation by the Secretary Dmitriyev recently told "Kommersant" interview announced that Russian weapons and military equipment last year, received orders totaling 480 billion, of which exports more than 100 billion mark. As the scale of military-technical cooperation between China and Russia continued to decline, primarily from intellectual property disputes and China due to the rapid development of military industry.

For China, Russia is actively working to resolve the problem of imitation of Russian-made military equipment, Russia's Federal Military Technical Cooperation Bureau Dmitriyev replied: "Indeed, it is intellectual property issues. In 2008 we and the Chinese Ministry of Justice System signed a special agreement. We will raise this issue to the Chinese side. but this is a complex issue, including for us. In the past this problem has not been given due attention. the Second World War and the Soviet Union, we had to supply China with a These products, the entire production line, did not asked to sign any documents, we in this regard without any documents, it can not make serious advice. because we simply supply the products and technologies, and they are the basis to create their own products, it has been improved by adding their own parts. these products is not ours, but the participation of China's military industrial carefully manufactured. The Chinese people believe that they are their own products. In this connection is difficult to agreement. However, this problem still have their own immediate practical significance. this stage, we will continue within the framework of the existing norms of international law to resolve the problem. At present, Russia and China's military-technical cooperation for the development of China's rapid industrial decline, has been able to China independently ensure that their many needs. "

Dmitriyev Secretary also pointed out that Russia and the former Warsaw Pact countries, there are also the same intellectual property issues, the Soviet Union during the Eastern European countries supplied to the large amount of weapons and military equipment, but also provided the appropriate technology, but did not make the knowledge protection of property rights, and the result is creating a greater contradiction. Russia is actively taking measures to address these issues now and Hungary signed the relevant licensed production agreements, currently is, and Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Poland, Bulgaria signed a similar agreement negotiations.


Russian Federation, the Secretary admitted that military-technical cooperation, and now the Russian weapons export competitiveness is indeed on the decline, a very complex issue. Some customers of Russian military equipment supplied and made many comments, requirements to improve product quality and service levels. This is a historical problem, as early as during the Soviet era foreign military and technical cooperation to ignore the most important service, particularly equipment maintenance, modernization and upgrading, spare parts supply. Although Russia temporarily hold in the overall international arms market in the main advantages, namely the relatively high price and satisfactory quality level, but due to the recent rise in the cost of production and parts, price trend is clearly a military product, the Russianmilitary products export prices rising along with the existing level of quality and service equipment, is bound to the competitiveness of Russian defense products have a negative impact.

The UN Security Council sanctions against Libya announced the implementation of the arms embargo 

Core Tip: 26 Security Council unanimously adopted a resolution on the question of Libya, the Libyan expressed serious concern about the current situation and decided to impose an arms embargo on Libya, Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and against key members of his family, who travel abroad and to freeze the card Zhafei overseas assets and associated personnel. 

24 U.S. White House spokesman, said in a press conference, the United States is considering sanctions against Libya. 



Two Libyan Air Force Mirage F1 has fled to Malta, the pilots said they rejected the Gaddafi government is assigned the task of protesters attack was made after the defection decision. 

UNITED NATIONS, Feb. 26 Xinhua Chinese Ambassador Li Baodong 26, said China is very concerned about the volatile situation in Libya, that the immediate cessation of violence is imperative to avoid further bloodshed and civilian casualties, to restore stability and normal social order, through dialogueand other peaceful means to resolve the current crisis. 

Li Baodong day in the UN Security Council draft resolution on Libya after the vote, speaking in explanation: "In this process, we must ensure that countries in the safety and interests of the Libyan nationals." 


He said: "Given the current exceptional situation in Libya and the Arab and African countries, concerns and ideas, the Chinese delegation to the Security Council passed the Resolution No. 1970 voted in favor." 

The day the Security Council unanimously adopted a resolution on the question of Libya, the Libyan expressed serious concern about the current situation and decided to impose an arms embargo on Libya, Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and against key members of his family, who travel abroad and to freeze the Gaddafi and related personnel overseas assets. 

Russian UN Ambassador Vitaly Churkin said the day after the vote in the Security Council, Libya, the international community should safeguard the sovereignty and territorial integrity, to prevent the outbreak of civil war in the country to avoid secession. He also stressed that Libya should ensure the safety of foreign nationals.

New U.S. Marines involved in combat theory to the Diaoyu Islands issue

Core Tip: U.S. "Washington Times" that the Marine Corps into the "concept of operations by air, sea," the Marine Corps in the United States would give the new role of Asia-Pacific strategy. New concept will appeal to use in some sensitive cases, the Marine Corps. Some analysts believe that the U.S. military to prepare such studies highlight the problem of military intervention in South China Sea and the Diaoyu Islands issue.


Data Figure: U.S. Marines conducted war games by boat.



Data Figure: The U.S. Seventh Fleet exercises.

U.S. Seventh Fleet Commander Vice Admiral 范布斯柯克 in Hong Kong before that the U.S. security commitment to the Pacific region remain unchanged, the U.S. Navy will continue to upgrade the combat capability in the region. In recent years, the U.S. navy and air force troops in the Western Pacific region growing, and according to the U.S. Pacific commander, Admiral Willard, said the Marines have incorporated a new "concept of air and sea operations," the intent behind these initiatives concern.

"We are fighting a more powerful force than a few years ago"

AFP reported on February 21, the U.S. Navy Seventh Fleet Commander Vice Admiral 范布斯柯克 a speech at the Asia Society Hong Kong, said any suggestion that the U.S. security commitment to Asia due to domestic economic problems and the war in Afghanistan undermine the concept is wrong. "Today we are using warplanes and warships and a few years ago, more robust combat capability." Seventh Fleet is currently about 70 combat vessels, while 10 years ago, only 50 to 60.

Booth Kirk said, the U.S. Navy will continue to enhance the future force in the Asia Pacific region. A new Littoral Combat Ship will soon be deployed in this, the carrier-based fighter squadron will upgrade the capacity of nuclear attack submarines will increase, missile destroyers will be modified to have a stronger hunting enemy submarines and reconnaissance capabilities. In addition, the more advanced P-8A "Poseidon" maritime patrol aircraft will be replaced in two years has significantly aging P-3 "Orion" maritime patrol aircraft. Kirk Booth also said: "We believe that China's growing naval power should not be overlooked, but first I want to emphasize that we do not see China as a direct threat. If China as an enemy, the result will be counterproductive."

Booth Kirk is leading the Seventh Fleet's flagship "Blue Ridge" amphibious command ship, "Zhu Bo" Hong Kong, the ship returned to Japan after the visit to the Philippines on his way home to Hong Kong through Hong Kong. 22, according to Xinhua reports, the PLA Hong Kong Garrison Commander Lieutenant General Zhang Shibo day naval base at Stonecutters Island, met with Lieutenant Kirk Booth line. Previously, Garrison was invited to attend the evening of 19 "Blue Ridge" of the ship reception. U.S. Navy Seventh Fleet is the main force deployed in the Pacific Fleet, headquartered in Yokosuka base in Japan. The Department of Navy and Marine Corps have included about 4 million people, in addition to 70 combat vessels, there are more than 300 aircraft of various types of aircraft, most of the troops stationed in Japan and Guam, the United States intervene in Asian and Pacific Affairs of the most important backing.

Deployment of cutting-edge equipment give priority to the U.S. Asia-Pacific

In the Cold War, the United States for the Asia-Pacific region and formed a "three-line" configuration echelon group of military bases, especially in military bases in Japan and South Korea as a major so-called "communist breakwater."Soviet Union, the U.S. military deployment in East Asia not only for not weakened, but with the eastward shift of U.S. strategic center of gravity has been continually strengthened.

In recent years, U.S. strategic weapons and cutting-edge equipment are first deployed in the Pacific theater, like the 14 "Ohio"-class strategic nuclear submarine in the Pacific have been deployed in nine, five deployed in the Atlantic, and this proportion during the Cold War is just the opposite . Other four carry conventional munitions, "Ohio"-class strategic nuclear submarine in the Pacific Ocean. "Ohio"-class strategic nuclear submarines to carry the "Trident" ICBM range of 1.2 million km, in the Pacific on the Asian continent, the big deep strike, by a nuclear warhead into its routine, the more from the "pure deterrence" to a "real deterrent." 11 aircraft carriers in six are deployed in the Pacific, nuclear attack submarines in the Pacific is also 60%.

United States actively build a missile defense system, its advanced early warning Leida An X-band on the Japan and Alaska, California and Alaska in the deployment of ground-based interceptor missiles at high altitude, but also for the Asia-Pacific region. U.S. fourth-generation fighter aircraft - F-22 "Raptor" for overseas deployment, they preferred Kadena Japan. Of particular concern is that the U.S. military for the Guam military bases in East Asia has become the "center of power projection." Guam's Andersen Air Force Base U.S. military to expand the runway, it evolved into the U.S. strategic bombers in the major overseas bases, and save more than 50 air-launched cruise missiles AGM, a large number of weapons, ammunition and fuel. Naval Base Guam's Apra is the deployment of three "Los Angeles" class nuclear attack submarines, and its docking port also has the capacity and supply nuclear-powered carrier.

Marines into the "concept of operations by air, sea"

U.S. Navy Seventh Fleet Commander for Bath Cork on the strengthening of force deployment in the Asia-Pacific's remarks, the Associated Press that the U.S. Navy in the Western Pacific region to strengthen the deployment of troops, largely in response to the strategic situation of China's military buildup. The report also said that the conflicting interests of the United States and China's military relations are facing heavy pressure: on the one hand, and military cooperation will help maintain a stable trade between the two countries to promote their economic development; the other hand, the two countries in the regions have different geo-political goals, especially the Taiwan issue conflicting strategic interests.

U.S. Pacific Commander Admiral Willard February 17 speech in Washington, more telling. He said that currently are working on the Pentagon's "sea-air concept of operations", "will advance our ability, particularly in the Asia Pacific region to enhance the ability of deployed forces." Meifang Zhang Gates called on U.S. forces in 2009 to "empty the sea concept of operations" start the study. Involved in the study, according to Pentagon officials, an anonymous, the concept will take a number of measures to strengthen the joint between the U.S. Navy and Air Force combat capability to respond to China's use of ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, submarines and aircraft of the so-called "anti-intervention" strategy . Willard also said, "We have a new concept to the Marine Corps study, which will enhance our ability to joint operations." United States "Washington Times" pointed out that the Marine Corps into the "concept of operations by air, sea "In the United States Marine Corps will be given the new role of Asia-Pacific strategy. New concept will appeal to use in some sensitive cases, the Marine Corps. "Japan and Southeast Asian countries like the Marines do not have the ability to block China's occupation of disputed islands, the U.S. Marine Corps with 80 years of experience." Some analysts believe that such research highlights the U.S. military prepared to intervene militarily Diaoyu Island and the South China Sea issue, which will increase the probability of Sino-US conflict. In addition, the "concept of operations by air, sea," also calls for expanding China's military power for the simulation exercise, such as aircraft carriers, the Air Force will conduct convoy exercises, the Navy will conduct security exercises throughout the Air Force base.

Brief

U.S. Pacific Fleet and the Seventh Fleet between Han

Many readers see on the news the U.S. Navy in the East Asian seas, the Pacific Fleet will notice that sometimes, and sometimes talk about the Seventh Fleet.So, what is the relationship between the two? How the U.S. Navy's compiled?


There are two U.S. Navy Strategy Group Code, that the Atlantic Fleet and Pacific Fleet. U.S. Navy Pacific Fleet was the main military forces in the Asia Pacific region, the area includes the entire Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Fleet headquarters in Pearl Harbor in Hawaii; Atlantic Fleet headquarters in Norfolk, the East Coast, the scope of their jurisdiction including part of the Atlantic and Arctic waters, and the Caribbean and the Mediterranean.

U.S. forces, including naval surface ship and submarine forces, their mixed fleet to five, and then were incorporated into the Atlantic Fleet and Pacific Fleet.Compiled with the Third Fleet Pacific Fleet (for East Pacific theater, the headquarters in San Diego, CA), Seventh Fleet (responsible for the Western Pacific Theater, the headquarters in Yokosuka, Japan) and the Fifth Fleet (in charge of the Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf and Red Sea Theater, commander of the Ministry in Bahrain) three battle fleet, compiled a second Fleet Atlantic Fleet (responsible for the Atlantic Theater, Command in Norfolk, Virginia) and the Sixth Fleet (responsible for the Mediterranean theater, the headquarters in Gaeta, Italy.)

Major General Yin Zhuo: Chinese Navy will become the norm in the overseas evacuation 


Core Tip: Zhuo said Rear Admiral Yoon implementation of Chinese naval vessels have been nearly three years of the Gulf of Aden to escort mission in Somalia, ships are just in the vicinity to catch up with the evacuation, so we sent a ship to go. This is for our military operations overseas is an important breakthrough. The evacuation will also be a response to non-traditional security threats, the PLA is a very important example. 


Data Figure: China's Navy, "Xuzhou" missile frigate. 



February 24 morning, 43 first withdrawal of Egypt from Libya arrived in the Chinese Beijing Capital International Airport. 

According to Voice of "evening peak view of military intelligence" reports: The Central Military Commission, is the implementation of the Gulf of Aden off Somalia to escort the seventh mission of the Chinese naval fleet escort, "Xuzhou" missile frigate has been set off near the sea rushed to Libya for the withdrawal of China Libyan ships trapped provide support and protection. This is the first time, overseas Chinese warships evacuation operations. So, the Chinese Navy frigate which will help evacuation operations, which will face difficulties? What are the significance of this action? This topic, CCTV reporter Xu Long interview with Rear Admiral Cheuk Yin. 

Yin Cho believes that Chinese warships will be mainly in the coordination of evacuation safety and provide assistance. Because the lack of evacuation ships were escorted experience, escort unfamiliar waters, and the Libyan coastal uncertain, there are certain difficulties in the operation, but the supply problem is not large. The operation overseas military operations is an important breakthrough, is to safeguard national interests abroad in peacetime is an important example. Overseas Chinese navy should be involved in protecting the overseas evacuation national emergency response mechanisms, the future of this military action will become the norm. 

Chinese warships protecting the overseas workers can improve the safety of the ship 

According to analysis, the Chinese navy, "Xuzhou No." missile frigate, will cross the Red Sea, the Suez Canal, near the sea to Libya to participate in evacuation operations. Then, "Xuzhou No." will provide what help Chinese nationals?Cheuk Yin Major General that the main task of China's naval escort for the evacuation, safety and coordination will play a role. Because the evacuation of a ship hired by the Greek part of Libya to withdraw from Greece, trapped, and partly by land or sea, evacuated to Tunisia, then turn the aircraft from both countries began to return. 

Throughout the evacuation flight, it may encounter some unsafe events.Because from Egypt to Libya, to Tunisia, there are certain disturbances in these areas, especially in Libya. According to evacuate nationals narrative, beginning our engineering and technical personnel in Libya, at first only few belongings were looted, then they began to kill, to begin shooting aliens, while also nationals of the material, equipment looted, the shelter , construction sites and other fire burned. Then this is a direct threat to the safety of our nationals.These events occurred on land, but may develop into the sea robbery, and this possibility is very great. Because these expatriates to return, after all, some with property back. The looting of property may become the target. Therefore, our naval escort vessels sent to assist, to help evacuation, of course, greatly enhance the safety of nationals and vessels. 

Also, inside this range, especially to Greece, the Mediterranean and the Eastern Mediterranean in this place, because Israel and other Arab countries, long-term confrontation, is itself unstable. China sent a frigate with protection is very necessary. And in coordination, because the Navy ships, means of communication is more complete, if there is an emergency communications with the domestic, the other into the port, the port, the situation on land, at any time through our complete means of communication with Greece, Libya, Tunisia and so on, with the domestic reporting, liaison with each other. This role will be a lot easier to organize and coordinate. 

Overseas Chinese warships will also face some difficulties in protecting the overseas 

Along the face of the complex environment of neighboring countries, in the absence of supply ship with the case of protection, the Chinese navy, "Xuzhou No." missile frigate to go alone to the waters near Libya, which will face difficulties? Cheuk Yin Major General that the first coordination difficulties.Because "Xuzhou number" is mainly provided assistance at sea, it now is between the escort ship, the first to achieve correspondence. The flight safety, take guard formation, in this respect we have to be coordinated. These evacuation vessel, the experience has not been escorted, with the escort ships in the fleet, he should obey, to obey our guidance. Evacuation ship from the port out, and then into each other's ports, here also need to coordinate, because we are military ships into the territorial waters of Greece, the Greek government agreed to go through. 

In addition, this route, our understanding of this area is not particularly aware of the situation, especially in the Libya case is an emergency, we do not have enough human intelligence to grasp the whole of Libya in the unrest there, especially those along the coast Dynamic cities and fishermen, can only rely on our ship-based radar and ship-based helicopters to search in the sea, there are some bad elements to prevent the evacuation of our ships to take action.Information is critical at this time. Therefore, close control to intelligence, with Libya's embassy in Libya, the other in Libya, still left behind some of the institutions, the other with the Greek side, I am afraid to be coordinated with the Tunisian side, understand the specific situation. This will enable our evacuation, the security operation be more targeted. 

This time we did not take the supply ship to, but because of relatively short range, in Tunisia, Greece can supply, the food supplies and fuel supplies are possible, so the supply problem is not particularly large. But to be coordinated, because the vessels supply with the general provisions of the Merchant Shipping supply is not the same, these go through the diplomatic service and in local Chinese-funded organizations, and now by the Foreign Ministry's instructions, they will escort the ship to give us some assistance was able to solve this problem, under the current situation may be complicated. 

Protecting the overseas Chinese navy's participation in overseas operations is a historic breakthrough 

Cheuk Yin Major General believes that the Navy participated in the evacuation of significant action. Although there have been evacuation of past actions, such as unrest in the South Pacific island nation, we have had evacuation operations, the other in the Middle East, we have a similar evacuation operation, for example, during the war in Iraq, we have evacuation operations, but the ships are local time employment, we did not join the military ships.Now, I naval ships have been implemented for nearly three years of the Gulf of Aden to escort mission in Somalia, ships are just in the vicinity to catch up with the evacuation, so we sent a ship to go. This is for our military operations overseas is an important breakthrough. 


Up to now, we have the issue of protecting the overseas evacuation and not yet very clear set of rules, has not made a clear mission tasks. Starting from the escort to the care overseas, evacuation, evacuation in the future, protecting the overseas, the Navy in times of peace as we complete the non-war military actions in response to non-traditional security threats is a very important example. Party Central Committee has long made this request on our military is to safeguard the interests of our country abroad, for the development of national economic interests to support. Ministry of Foreign Affairs is also the problem of protecting the overseas and protect the legitimate rights and interests of nationals and protect their safety, as an important task, have formed a complete set of evacuation contingency mechanism. The future of our military should closely match with the country's foreign policy, decision-making in the whole country under the command of the Central Military Commission, participate in the emergency response mechanism to inside.Where necessary, to send naval ships, such as our large hospital ships in the future as well, a large amphibious ship, except ships of war, these ships a large volume of space, can be directly withdrawn nationals. The future, if our Navy official involved in protecting the overseas countries, the emergency evacuation system, the Navy's mission is to protect overseas missions and evacuation, which will be routine military operations, normalized.

Rare Japanese huge subsidies to enterprise development, want to get rid ofdependence on China

Core Tip: According to Japanese media reports, the Japanese Ministry of Economy 25, said the